Stuart Hall, cultural studies e a nostalgia da dominação hegemônica

Stuart Hall é um dos poucos autores contemporâneos que ainda se apóia no conceito de ideologia. Ela interfere na língua falada definindo limites, regulando a forma discursiva com a intenção de estabilizá-la e congelá-la. Ela domina o bloco histórico e a estratégia seria a de unir as camadas populares, a partir de dentro, para que estas possam fortificar-se e combatê-la. Mas todo esse esquema tem sabor nostálgico, como se houvesse uma manobra dos poderosos e os dominados não se identificassem com os signos de poder e prestígio. Como no caso da “leitura crítica”, não seria o caso de modernizar Stuart Hall?

De la literatura y la estadística a la apropiación territorial: análisis de la narración geográfica sobre las provincias del norte neogranadinas en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX

Las obras geográficas de Manuel Ancízar y Felipe Pérez dan cuenta de la manera en la que la élite intelectual neogranadina se apropió y representó el aspecto físico y humano de la nación al inicio y final de la Comisión Corográfica (1850-1859). Un análisis comparativo de las obras mostrará la manera en la que la narración literaria y la geográfica influyen en la elaboración de imaginarios territoriales para unificar la nación y consolidar la identidad nacional a partir de la apropiación territorial en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX

Islam Bogotá: presencia inicial y diversidad

El texto se centra en el estudio de las comunidades musulmanas de Bogotá. Como tal, se hace referencia a las tendencias de pensamiento religioso que las distinguen dentro de la diversidad existente en el Mundo Islámico, pero especialmente se hace énfasis en sus actividades, prácticas cotidianas, formas de organización y relación con el entorno social de la ciudad. El trabajo es fruto del estudio realizado por la Línea de Historia y Estudio Comparado de las Religiones del Centro de Estudios Teológicos y de las Religiones de la Universidad del Rosario, entre los musulmanes de la ciudad durante los años 2007 - 2008. El texto, que se dirige a un público amplio, no especializado en el tema, ofrece una base introductoria al Islam como hecho religioso, social y cultural, así como a la manera en la que los musulmanes viven su cotidianidad, con el fin de preparar a los lectores para comprender de manera adecuada los pormenores del estudio realizado. Así mismo, se enmarca el fenómeno de las comunidades musulmanas en la ciudad dentro de una traducción histórica, pero también dentro de unos ejes de influencia que los relacionan con otras regiones del mundo y del continente.

O PROCESSO FORMATIVO E A ATUAÇÃO DO ARTE-EDUCADOR: POSSIBILIDADES E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA IRONISTA

A presente pesquisa visa a revisão bibliográfica do processo formativo e, ao mesmo tempo, a investigação e problematização da atuação contemporânea do educador ironista na Educação. O autor Imanol Aguirre, concebe este título ao educador que seja provocativo, inteirado e propositor de experiências estéticas frente às complexidades contemporâneas, amalgamadas num tecido histórico-social caracterizado pelo trânsito da pluralidade, dos imaginários, da construção de identidade e da mobilidade social. O ironista atua dialogicamente “in loco” criando respostas às variadas demandas com os seus educandos. A fomentação da crítica, a mobilização da dúvida e da ironia, a conexão dos territórios das competências e habilidades, são os objetivos pelos quais o educador ironista intenciona um cenário educacional mais efetivo e emancipador ante as reais necessidades contemporâneas.

Violencia cultural producto del desplazamiento forzado. Estudio de caso: mujeres desplazadas del Caquetá a Bogotá. Período 2002-2010

En la presente investigación se realiza un diagnóstico de la forma en la que las prácticas culturales de Bogotá generan violencia cultural en las mujeres desplazadas del Caquetá, en el período 2002-2010.

La educación en crisis.

La educación en Gran Bretaña sufrió una profunda crisis con Margaret Tatcher. El primer aspecto de la misma surge del hecho de que el programa histórico laborista sobre educación, que dominó tras la segunda guerra mundial, y que se resume con los lemas educación para todos e integración, ha llegado a un punto muerto. En su momento supuso una nueva era en el progreso hacia la igualdad...pero ahora ya no es adecuado para los problemas surgidos en las dos últimas décadas, ni consigue movilizar en su entorno a las fuerzas populares y no crea, ni inspira un pensamiento renovador. Esto representa un desafío suficiente para la izquierda. Además, se ha producido en la enseñanza una vuelta a estructuras arcaicas. Se trata de desmantelar una época completa. La política de privatizaciones pretende erosionar el principio mismo des estado del bienestar. El modelo educativo que se intenta implantar es el de los internados victorianos. Con él, se intenta asegurar el confinamiento de las mujeres en el hogar, al bloquear el movimiento hacia su independencia y desalentar cualquier tentativa de éstas, a abandonar su destino natural. La desigualdad en educación se ha convertido en un programa social positivo. Y dicha desigualdad surge, reforzándola, de una visión del futuro, por sórdida y degenerada que sea. Si el tatcherismo obtiene la victoria en su política general de desigualdad y de competencia de mercado, también lo hará en la política de la educación. Los profesores y padres, y todos los que posean un interés general en la educación, terminarán dejando la construcción de dicha política popular-nacional radical a los expertos, a su propio riesgo.

Magnetic properties of ODP Hole 116-717C

Dark gray and black mud turbidites cored on ODP Leg 116 commonly yielded large magnetic susceptibility peaks. What is more, these peaks displayed different shapes suggesting variations in sedimentological processes. Consequently, a detailed study of the magnetic properties of two of these turbidites was undertaken to better understand the source of their unusual magnetism. Physical properties were measured as was the demagnetization behavior of sample natural remanent magnetizations (NRMs). Subsequently, an anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) were imparted to the samples, demagnetized, and various grain size tests based on the behavior of these remanences were applied. Finally, magnetic concentrates from two samples were examined with a scanning electron microscope with the capability to do energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The turbidites stand out from surrounding layers because of their high susceptibilities, NRMs, ARMs, SIRMs, and ratios of ARM and SIRM to susceptibility. Their alternating field and thermal demagnetization properties and IRM acquisition curves are consistent with titanomagnetite grains as the primary magnetic mineral with some amount of hematite present. These properties are very similar to those published for samples from the Deccan flood basalts and suggest this formation as a possible source of the magnetic grains. Magnetic granulometry tests implied that the magnetic particles behave dominantly as single-domain and pseudo-single-domain grains. Moreover, they also implied that the large variation in susceptibility observed in the black mud turbidites results from a tenfold increase in the concentration of titanomagnetite grains. Electron microscope, EDX, and SIRM analyses revealed detrital titanomagnetites with typical sizes around 8-10 µm, but as large as 20-25 µm. These are probably the dominant magnetic grains in the black mud turbidites; however, ARM and susceptibility frequency-dependence suggested that there may also be a submicrometer fraction present. Most of the observed titanomagnetite grains are tabular and some display exsolution lamellae, accounting for the pseudo-single-domain behavior despite their moderate sizes. We hypothesize that the magnetic mineral concentration variations are brought about by sedimentological factors. The heavier magnetic minerals may tend to sink to the bottom of a turbidite; however, sometimes turbidite turbulence may act to keep these tabular, medium-size grains in suspension longer than some other larger or more equidimensional grains. Consequently, the susceptibility peak shape may reflect the turbidite current velocities as well as other sedimentological factors.

Paleomagnetic investigation of Early Creatceous Ontong Java Plateau basalts

We present paleomagnetic data from basaltic pillow and lava flows drilled at four Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 192 sites through the Early Cretaceous (~120 Ma) Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). Altogether 270 samples (out of 331) yielded well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization components all of which have negative inclinations, i.e. normal polarity. Dividing data into inclination groups we obtain 5, 7, 14 and 15 independent inclination estimates for the four sites. Statistical analysis suggests that paleosecular variation has been sufficiently sampled and site-mean inclinations therefore represent time-averaged fields. Of particular importance is the finding that all four site-mean inclinations are statistically indistinguishable, strongly supporting indirect seismic observation from the flat-lying sediments blanketing the OJP that the studied basalts have suffered little or no tectonic disturbance since their emplacement. Moreover, the corresponding paleomagnetic paleolatitudes agree excellently with paleomagnetic data from a previous ODP site (Site 807) drilled into the northern portion of the OJP. Two important conclusions can be drawn based on the presented dataset: (i) the Leg 192 combined mean inclination (Inc.=-41.4°, N=41, kappa= 66.0, alpha95 =2.6°) is inconsistent with the Early Cretaceous part of the Pacific apparent polar wander path, indicating that previous paleomagnetic poles derived mainly from seamount magnetic anomaly modeling must be used with care; (ii) the Leg 192 paleomagnetic paleolatitude for the central OJP is ~20° north of the paleogeographic location calculated from Pacific hotspot tracks assuming the hotspots have remained fixed. The difference between paleomagnetic and hotspot calculated paleolatitudes cannot be explained by true polar wander estimates derived from other lithospheric plates and our results are therefore consistent with and extend recent paleomagnetic studies of younger hotspot features in the northern Pacific Ocean that suggest Late Cretaceous to Eocene motion of Pacific hotspots.

Physical, geochemical and magnetic properties of several ODP Leg 192 sites, Ontong Java Plateau

In this manuscript, we present the results of a physical properties investigation carried out on basaltic cores recovered from the four Leg 192 basement sites, focusing on the relationship between physical properties and alteration in basalts. Variations in physical properties in the Leg 192 basement sites closely resemble each other and reflect the amount of alteration and vein formation in the basement basalts. P-wave velocities, magnetic susceptibilities, and densities for the dense massive basalts are higher than those of more altered and heavily veined basalts. Porosity-dependent alteration is observed at Leg 192 basement sites: P-wave velocity displays a general decrease with increasing loss on ignition and potassium content. These trends are consistent with trends documented for typical alteration of oceanic crust and suggest that basalt alteration is largely responsible for the variation of the physical properties exhibited by rocks at Leg 192 basement sites. Our physical property data support the conclusion that only low-temperature seawater-mediated alteration occurred in the lava flows of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). This lack of higher-temperature hydrothermal alteration is consistent with the idea that the OJP basement sites are far from their eruptive vents.