Evidence of hemispheric specialization in marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) using tympanic membrane thermometry

Recent studies have employed tympanic thermometry to assess lateralization of cognitive and emotional functions in primates. However, no studies using this technique have investigated the possibility of hemispheric specialization in New World monkeys. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate tympanic membrane (TM) temperature asymmetries and their possible correlation with stress responses in marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). Infrared TM thermometry was completed bilaterally in 24 animals (14 males and 10 females) during a stressful situation of capture and restraint. There were no significant differences between gender. A significant negative correlation was observed between TM temperature of the right ear and the number of captures (r = -0.633; P<0.001). Subjects with a more frequent previous history of captures (5 to 9 captures; N = 11) showed lower TM temperature when compared to those with fewer previous captures (1 to 4 captures; N = 13). No differences were observed for the left TM temperature. These results suggest that under intense emotional challenge (capture and restraint) there is a stronger activation of the neural structures situated in the right brain hemisphere. Taken together, the data reveal for the first time evidence of hemispheric specialization in emotional physiological processing in a New World monkey.

Adaptive Dynamics of Resource Specialization

Ecological specialization in resource utilization has various facades ranging from nutritional resources via host use of parasites or phytophagous insects to local adaptation in different habitats. Therefore, the evolution of specialization affects the evolution of most other traits, which makes it one of the core issues in the theory of evolution. Hence, the evolution of specialization has gained enormous amounts of research interest, starting already from Darwin’s Origin of species in 1859. Vast majority of the theoretical studies has, however, focused on the mathematically most simple case with well-mixed populations and equilibrium dynamics. This thesis explores the possibilities to extend the evolutionary analysis of resource usage to spatially heterogeneous metapopulation models and to models with non-equilibrium dynamics. These extensions are enabled by the recent advances in the field of adaptive dynamics, which allows for a mechanistic derivation of the invasion-fitness function based on the ecological dynamics. In the evolutionary analyses, special focus is set to the case with two substitutable renewable resources. In this case, the most striking questions are, whether a generalist species is able to coexist with the two specialist species, and can such trimorphic coexistence be attained through natural selection starting from a monomorphic population. This is shown possible both due to spatial heterogeneity and due to non-equilibrium dynamics. In addition, it is shown that chaotic dynamics may sometimes inflict evolutionary suicide or cyclic evolutionary dynamics. Moreover, the relations between various ecological parameters and evolutionary dynamics are investigated. Especially, the relation between specialization and dispersal propensity turns out to be counter-intuitively non-monotonous. This observation served as inspiration to the analysis of joint evolution of dispersal and specialization, which may provide the most natural explanation to the observed coexistence of specialist and generalist species.

Scouring uncharted waters – managing outbound open innovation in maritime industry

This thesis discusses the unexplored opportunities of open innovation, with a special focus on outbound open innovation. The extant literature indicates that the field of outbound open innovation still lacks of research, and especially the managerial issues lack of practicality. Also, the applicability to SME’s and traditional fields has been argued. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the outbound open innovation activities can be managed in maritime industry. By combining existing literature from the field of open innovation and innovation management, this study suggests first a theoretical management model, and contributes how it can be applied to industry- and company specifics; and then develops a practical model by constructing from the case company’s current management processes. As a result, the study synthesises a theoretical model of how the outbound open innovation activities can be managed. This model positions the outbound open innovation activities, the theoretical concepts found from the literature review, R&D processes, and the outbound open innovation implementation stages identified by previous research; and thus responses the need for practical steps for any company planning outbound open innovation activities. Practical tool for managers is also provided by identifying issues that are applied to industry- and company specifics. Then, open-ended case study questions are formulated accordingly and expert interviews selected by chain referral sampling, are conducted. Interviews provide information for the current management processes. By identifying the best practices and main challenges it is possible to outline and evaluate current outbound open innovation management processes and strategic choices in it. The researcher considers also the networks and their spheres of influences for the actors, activities and resources in the processes. Thus, the study provides a novel approach, and practical tools for the researchers and practioners in the field of open innovation. All in all, the study has come up that outbound open innovation is applicable to maritime industry; and the case company indeed has perfected its processes as cost-effective as possible, and so found its balance between the costs and benefits. However, several issues for future development are pointed out, and the study offers proposals for theory building. Findings are piloting in kind, but provide several theoretical and managerial implications, and reveal new research needs for the field.

Yhteistyön ongelmat kahden oppilaitoksen välillä – Case: Kotka Maritime Centre

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kahden oppilaitoksen, Kymenlaakson ammattikorkeakoulun ja Etelä-Kymenlaakson ammattiopiston merenkulkualan koulutusten, välisiä yhteistyöongelmia. Tutkimus rajattiin koskemaan täydennyskoulutus- ja simulaattorikeskusyhteistyön ongelmia. Yhteistyössä oli todettu olevan ongelmia, ja tutkimuksella selvitettiin ongelmat ja luotiin toimenpide-ehdotuksia ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi. Tutkimus toteutettiin puolistrukturoiduin haastatteluin, johon haastateltiin yhteensä 22 henkilöä molemmista oppilaitoksista. Tutkimuksen runko luotiin teoreettisen viitekehyksen mukaisesti organisaatioiden välisen yhteistyön elementeistä. Haastattelujen analysoinnissa käytettiin sisällönanalyysiä. Tutkimuksen perusteella löydettiin useita ongelmia yhteistyössä. Kolme keskeisintä ongelmaa olivat henkilösuhteissa esiintynyt luottamuspula ja henkilökemiat, johtamisen puute sekä roolien ja työtehtävien epäselvyys. Työtä ongelmien korjaamiseksi tulee olemaan, mutta ne ovat ratkaistavissa luomalla tarkemmat suuntaviivat yhteistyölle ja lisäämällä vuorovaikutusta kokoontumisten avulla. Molemmilla oppilaitoksilla oli tulevaisuuteen tähtäävä näkemys yhteistyön lisäämisestä ja kehittämisestä.

Finnish Maritime Personnel's Conceptions on Safety Management and Safety Culture

The purpose of this thesis is to explore Finnish maritime personnel’s conceptions of safety management and its relationship with the concept of safety culture. In addition, the aim is to evaluate the impact of the ISM Code on the prevailing safety culture in the Finnish shipping business. A total of 94 interviewees and seven Finnish shipping companies were involved in this study. Thematic interviews were applied as the main research method for the study. The results were analysed qualitatively. The results indicate that maritime safety culture can simultaneously demonstrate features of integration, differentiation and ambiguity. Basically, maritime personnel have a positive attitude towards safety management systems since they consider safety management beneficial and essential in general. However, the study also found considerable criticism among the interviewees. The interviewed maritime personnel did not criticise the ISM Code as such, yet they criticised the way the ISM Code has been applied in practise. In order to understand the multiple perspectives of safety culture more comprehensively, multiple theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches are needed. This study indicates that safety culture and the impacts of the ISM Code should not be unambiguously studied solely quantitative methods or qualitative methods. By examining safety culture from several methodological and theoretical perspectives, one may gain a more versatile and holistic overview of safety culture.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1915/07/01 (A50)-1915/12/31.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1912/10 (A47,T47,FASC4)-1912/12.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1899 (ANNUAIRE).

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1911/04 (A46,T46,FASC2)-1911/06.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1913/07 (A48,T48,FASC3)-1913/09.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1900/04 (A35,T35,FASC2)-1900/06.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1916/07/01 (A51)-1916/12/31.

Annales du sauvetage maritime

1925/01 (A60)-1925/06.