An evaluation of three upwinding approximations for numerical modeling the flow in tubular membrane of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

In this paper, the laminar fluid flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian of aqueous solutions in a tubular membrane is numerically studied. The mathematical formulation, with associated initial and boundary conditions for cylindrical coordinates, comprises the mass conservation, momentum conservation and mass transfer equations. These equations are discretized by using the finite-difference technique on a staggered grid system. Comparisons of the three upwinding schemes for discretization of the non-linear (convective) terms are presented. The effects of several physical parameters on the concentration profile are investigated. The numerical results compare favorably with experimental data and the analytical solutions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Numerical solution of the eXtended Pom-Pom model for viscoelastic free surface flows

In this paper we present a finite difference method for solving two-dimensional viscoelastic unsteady free surface flows governed by the single equation version of the eXtended Pom-Pom (XPP) model. The momentum equations are solved by a projection method which uncouples the velocity and pressure fields. We are interested in low Reynolds number flows and, to enhance the stability of the numerical method, an implicit technique for computing the pressure condition on the free surface is employed. This strategy is invoked to solve the governing equations within a Marker-and-Cell type approach while simultaneously calculating the correct normal stress condition on the free surface. The numerical code is validated by performing mesh refinement on a two-dimensional channel flow. Numerical results include an investigation of the influence of the parameters of the XPP equation on the extrudate swelling ratio and the simulation of the Barus effect for XPP fluids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numerical Solution of the Upper-Convected Maxwell Model for Three-Dimensional Free Surface Flows

This work presents a finite difference technique for simulating three-dimensional free surface flows governed by the Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) constitutive equation. A Marker-and-Cell approach is employed to represent the fluid free surface and formulations for calculating the non-Newtonian stress tensor on solid boundaries are developed. The complete free surface stress conditions are employed. The momentum equation is solved by an implicit technique while the UCM constitutive equation is integrated by the explicit Euler method. The resulting equations are solved by the finite difference method on a 3D-staggered grid. By using an exact solution for fully developed flow inside a pipe, validation and convergence results are provided. Numerical results include the simulation of the transient extrudate swell and the comparison between jet buckling of UCM and Newtonian fluids.

The n-site approximation for the triplet-creation model

The nonequilibrium phase transition of the one-dimensional triplet-creation model is investigated using the n-site approximation scheme. We find that the phase diagram in the space of parameters (gamma, D), where gamma is the particle decay probability and D is the diffusion probability, exhibits a tricritical point for n >= 4. However, the fitting of the tricritical coordinates (gamma(t), D(t)) using data for 4 <= n <= 13 predicts that gamma(t) becomes negative for n >= 26, indicating thus that the phase transition is always continuous in the limit n -> infinity. However, the large discrepancies between the critical parameters obtained in this limit and those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations, as well as a puzzling non-monotonic dependence of these parameters on the order of the approximation n, argue for the inadequacy of the n-site approximation to study the triplet-creation model for computationally feasible values of n.

Numerical simulation of drop impact and jet buckling problems using the eXtended Pom-Pom model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Numerical solution of the eXtended Pom-Pom model for viscoelastic free surface flows

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Low-energy direct muon transfer from H to Ne10+, S16+ and Ar18+ using the two-state close-coupling approximation to the Faddeev-Hahn-type equation

We perform a three-body calculation of direct muon-transfer rates from thermalized muonic hydrogen isotopes to bare nuclei Ne10+, S16+ and Ar18+ employing integro-differential Faddeev-Hahn-type equations in configuration space with a two-state close-coupling approximation scheme. All Coulomb potentials including the strong final-state Coulomb repulsion are treated exactly. A long-range polarization potential is included in the elastic channel to take into account the high polarizability of the muonic hydrogen. The transfer rates so-calculated are in good agreement with recent experiments. We find that the muon is captured predominantly in the n = 6, 9 and 10 states of muonic Ne10+, S16+ and Ar18+, respectively.

Discrete approximations for strict convex continuous time problems and duality

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

ON THE INDEPENDENT-PARTICLE APPROXIMATION OF GAUGE-THEORIES - A SIMPLE EXAMPLE

In this work the independent particle model formulation is studied as a mean-field approximation of gauge theories using the path integral approach in the framework of quantum electrodynamics in 1 + 1 dimensions. It is shown how a mean-field approximation scheme can be applied to fit an effective potential to an independent particle model, building a straightforward relation between the model and the associated gauge field theory. An example is made considering the problem of massive Dirac fermions on a line, the so called massive Schwinger model. An interesting result is found, indicating a behaviour of screening of the charges in the relativistic limit of strong coupling. A forthcoming application of the method developed to confining potentials in independent quark models for QCD is in view and is briefly discussed.

PCM thermal insulation in buildings

This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental study of phase change material (PCM) filled walls and roofs under real operational conditions to achieve passive thermal comfort. The numerical part of the study was based on a one-dimensional model for the phase change problem controlled by pure conduction. Real radiation data was used to determine the external face temperature. The numerical treatment was based upon using finite difference approximations and the ADI scheme. The results obtained were compared with field measurements. The experimental set-up consisted of a small room with movable roof and side wall. The roof was constructed in the traditional way but with the phase change material enclosed. Thermocouples were distributed across the cross section of the roof. Another roof, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The movable wall was also constructed as is done traditionally but with the PCM enclosed. Again, thermocouples were distributed across the wall thickness to enable measurement of the local temperatures. Another wall, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The PCM used in the numerical and experimental tests was composed of a mixture of two commercial grades of glycol in order to obtain the required fusion temperature range. Comparison between the simulation results and the experiments indicated good agreement. Field tests also indicated that the PCM used was adequate and that the concept was effective in maintaining the indoor temperature very close to the established comfort limits. Further economical analysis indicated that the concept could effectively help in reducing the electric energy consumption and improving the energy demand pattern. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Comparison of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible - A computed tomography-based three-dimensional finite element analysis

A finite element analysis was used to compare the effect of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible. Four models of an human mandible were constructed. In the OR (O'ring) group, the mandible was restored with an overdenture retained by four unsplinted implants with O'ring attachment; in the BC (bar-clip) -C and BC groups, the mandibles were restored with overdentures retained by four splinted implants with bar-clip anchor associated or not with two distally placed cantilevers, respectively; in the FD (fixed denture) group, the mandible was restored with a fixed full-arch four-implant-supported prosthesis. Models were supported by the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints. A 100-N oblique load was applied on the left first molar. Von Mises (σvM), maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses (in MPa) analyses were obtained. BC-C group exhibited the highest stress values (σvM=398.8, σmax=580.5 and σmin=-455.2) while FD group showed the lowest one (σvM=128.9, σmax=185.9 and σmin=-172.1). Within overdenture groups, the use of unsplinted implants reduced the stress level in the implant/prosthetic components (59.4% for σvM, 66.2% for σmax and 57.7% for σmin versus BC-C group) and supporting tissues (maximum stress reduction of 72% and 79.5% for σmax, and 15.7% and 85.7% for σmin on the cortical and trabecular bones, respectively). Cortical bone exhibited greater stress concentration than the trabecular bone for all groups. The use of fixed implant dentures and removable dentures retained by unsplinted implants to rehabilitate edentulous mandible reduced the stresses in the periimplant bone tissue, mucosa and implant/prosthetic components. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Desenvolvimento de um método numérico para simular escoamentos viscoelásticos axissimétricos com superfícies livres: Modelo PTT

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise bidimensional dos efeitos das descargas atmosféricas em cabos OPGW utilizando o método ADI-FDTD

Neste trabalho é analisado o comportamento da densidade de corrente em cabos OPGW quando submetidos a descargas atmosféricas. Para esta análise, foram aplicados dois modelos de corrente, uma vez que a descarga atmosférica tem duas componentes principais que causam mais danos aos cabos em geral: a componente impulsiva e a componente contínua. O método numérico utilizado para as simulações computacionais é o método ADI-FDTD (Diferenças Finitas no Domínio do Tempo de Direções Alternadas Implícitas), o qual é truncado pela técnica CPML (Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layers). Com base no comportamento da corrente no cabo, é feita uma avaliação para determinar qual das duas componentes de descarga atmosférica pode causar mais danos aos cabos OPGW.

Migração por equação de onda em meios anisotrópicos com correção de amplitude

Este trabalho discute dois aspectos da migração em profundidade através da continuação para baixo dos campos de onda: o tratamento de modos evanescentes e a correção da amplitude dos eventos migrados. Estes dois aspectos são discutidos em meios isotrópicos e para uma classe de meios anisotrópicos. Migrações por diferenças finitas (FD) e por diferenças finitas e Fourier (FFD) podem ser instáveis em meios com forte variação lateral de velocidade. Estes métodos utilizam aproximações de Padé reais para representar o operador que descreve a propagação de ondas descendentes. Estas abordagens não são capazes de tratar corretamente os modos evanescentes, o que pode levar à instabilidades numéricas em meios com forte variação lateral de velocidade. Uma solução possível para esse problema é utilizar aproximação de Padé complexa, que consegue melhor representar os modos evanescentes associados às reflexões pós-críticas, e neste trabalho esta aproximação é utilizada para obter algoritmos FD e híbrido FD/FFD estáveis para migração em meios transversalmente isotrópicos com eixo de simetria vertical (VTI), mesmo na presença de forte variação nas propriedades elásticas do meio. A estabilidade dos algoritmos propostos para meios VTI foi validada através da resposta ao impulso do operador de migração e pela sua aplicação na migração de dados sintéticos, em meios fortemente heterogêneos. Métodos de migração por equação de onda em meios heterogêneos não tratam corretamente a amplitude dos eventos durante a propagação. As equações de onda unidirecionais tradicionais descrevem corretamente apenas a parte cinemática da propagação do campo de onda. Assim, para uma descrição correta das amplitudes deve-se usar as equações de onda unidirecionais de amplitude verdadeira. Em meios verticalmente heterogêneos, as equações de onda unidirecionais de amplitude verdadeira podem ser resolvidas analiticamente. Em meios lateralmente heterogêneos, essas equações não possuem uma solução analítica. Mesmo soluções numéricas tendem a ser instáveis. Para melhorar a compensação de amplitude na migração, em meios com variação lateral de velocidade, é proposto uma aproximação estável para solução da equação de onda unidirecional de amplitude verdadeira. Esta nova aproximação é implementada nas migrações split-step e diferenças finitas e Fourier (FFD). O algoritmo split-step com correção de amplitude foi estendido para meios VTI. A migração pré e pós-empilhamento de dados sintéticos, em meios isotrópicos e anisotrópicos, confirmam o melhor tratamento das amplitudes e estabilidade dos algoritmos propostos.

Migração FD e FFD com aproximações de grande abertura angular

Métodos de migração baseados na equação da onda unidirecional apresentam limitações no imageamento de refletores com forte mergulho e no tratamento de ondas evanescentes. Utilizando a expansão de Padé complexa na solução da equação da onda unidirecional para imageamento em geofísica é possível tratar ondas evanescentes, estabilizando a migração e dispensando um tratamento especial para absorção nas fronteiras do domínio. Utilizando várias parcelas na expansão de Padé, refletores com forte mergulho podem ser corretamente migrados. Nesta dissertação aplicamos a equação da onda unidirecional com expansão de Padé complexa para implementar dois algoritmos de migração em profundidade pré e pós empilhamento: a migração por diferenças finitas (FD) e a migração por diferenças finitas e Fourier (FFD). O estudo das curvas de dispersão e da resposta impulsiva dos operadores de migração nos permitiu escolher o número adequado de parcelas na expansão de Padé e os coeficientes da expansão que garantem estabilidade à continuação do campo de onda para um ângulo de mergulho máximo prescrito. As implementações foram validadas nos dados Marmousi e no modelo de domo de sal da SEG/EAGE mostrando que refletores com forte mergulho foram corretamente migrados, mesmo na presença de forte variação lateral de velocidade. Esses resultados são comparados com outros métodos de migração baseados na equação da onda unidirecional ressaltando a qualidade da aproximação estudada neste trabalho.