Venäjän avaruuspuolustus ja sen merkitys kansalliseen turvallisuuteen

Venäjän avaruuspuolustusta ja sen merkitystä kansalliseen turvallisuuteen on tutkittu Suomessa, samoin kuin muuallakin maailmassa vähän. Tämän lisäksi on olemassa arvioita siitä, että avaruuden käyttö tulevaisuuden sodankäynnissä on lisääntymässä. Tämän johdosta tutkimus Venäjän avaruuspuolustuksen osalta ja sen merkittävyydestä kansalliseen turvallisuuteen on tänä päivänä ajankohtainen ja tarpeellinen.

Organizational mechanisms and conditions of individuals for knowledge sharing in post-acquisition integration

The challenges of knowledge sharing after cross-border acquisitions are widely recognised. The study took a new view to the subject by applying a two-level framework provided by the knowledge governance approach. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of organizational mechanisms on the conditions of individuals for knowledge sharing in post-acquisition integration context. Qualitative research methods were used in this case study. Individual interviews were performed within an international firm after a recent cross-border acquisition. The results showed that integrators, the rotation of the personnel from the acquiring firm and visits and meetings enhance the conditions at the individual level for knowledge sharing after the acquisition. Respectively, strategic change, matrix structure and foreign HRM practices challenge the conditions at the individual level for knowledge sharing in the early post-acquisition integration phase. The findings are supported by the prior research on knowledge management in acquisitions. In particular, the study enlightens how organizational level actions influence the conditions of individuals for knowledge sharing. The study suggests that organizations should adjust organizational mechanisms to support the conditions of individuals, in order to promote knowledge sharing in the early phase of the integration.

Den finländska redovisningsnormeringen i korstrycket mellan institutionaliserad teori och internationella standarder

Finländsk redovisning har sedan 1960-talet baserats på teorin om utgift vid inkomst, en teori utvecklad av professor Martti Saario. Globalisering av aktiemarknaden och företagsverksamheten samt medlemskap i internationella organisationer ledde till tryck för harmonisering. Teorin var i Finland starkt institutionaliserad vilket påverkade harmoniseringsprocessen. Processen följs över tre nivåer. Den högsta nivån, internationell nivå, undersöker hur normeringen de jure förändras. Förändringarna i lagstiftningen krävde eftergifter i den teoretiska grunden, det vill säga i teorin om utgift vid inkomst. Den mellersta nivån, nationell nivå, studerar aktörers motiveringar för eller emot förändring av redovisningsnormen. Det organisatoriska fältet kan anses instabilt eftersom aktörsgrupperna inte är enhetliga. Motståndet mot harmonisering avtar under processen och teorin om utgift vid inkomst förlorar mark. Den lägsta nivån, företagsnivån, studerar hur boksluten de facto förändrades. De internationella standarderna har implementerats genom så kallad lös koppling eftersom företagen har behållit sin tidigare redovisningsfilosofi där det är möjligt. Avhandlingen bidrar till att öka förståelse för hur en institutionaliserad redovisningsteori påverkar redovisningspraxis i ett land långt efter att en ny norm implementerats.

Indicent reporting in shipping. Experiences and best practices for the Baltic Sea

Incident and near miss reporting is one of the proactive tools of safety management. By analyzing incidents and near misses and by corrective actions, severe accidents can potentially be avoided. Near miss and incident reporting is widely used in many riskprone industries such as aviation or chemical industry. In shipping incident and near miss reporting is required by the mandatory safety management system International Safety Management Code (ISM Code). However, in several studies the conclusion has been that incidents are reported poorly in the shipping industry. The aim of this report is to highlight the best practices for incident reporting in shipping and to support the shipping industry in the better utilization of incident reporting information. The study consists of three parts: 1) voluntary, shared reporting systems in shipping (international experiences), 2) interview study at four shipping companies in Sweden and in Finland (best practices), 3) expert workshop on incident reporting (problems and solutions). Preconditions for a functional reporting system are an existing no blame culture, commitment of the top management, feedback, good communication, training and an easy-to-use system. Although preconditions are met, problems can still appear, for example due to psychological, interpersonal or nationality-related reasons. In order to keep the reporting system functioning, the shipping company must be committed to maintain and develop the system and to tackle the problems. The whole reporting process from compiling, handling and analyzing a report, creating corrective actions and implementing them has to be handled properly in order to gain benefits from the reporting system. In addition to avoiding accidents, the functional reporting system can also offer other benefits by increasing safety awareness, by improving the overall safety and working conditions onboard, by enhancing team work and communication onboard and between ships and the land-based organization of shipping companies. Voluntary shared reporting systems are supported in the shipping industry in principle, but their development in the Baltic Sea is still in its infancy and the potential benefits of sharing the reports have not been realized. On the basis of this study we recommend that a common reporting system be developed for the Baltic Sea area which all the ships operating in the area could use regardless of their flag. Such a wider system could prevent some of the problems related to the current national systems. There would be more incident cases available in the database and this would support anonymity and thus encourage shipping companies to report to a shared database more frequently. A shared reporting system would contribute to the sharing of experiences and to the wider use of incident information in the shipping industry.

Kestävän kehityksen huomiointi suomalaisen koulun rakentamisessa

Tämän kandidaatin työn tavoitteena on selvittää, miten olemassa olevat kansainväliset ympäristöluokitusjärjestelmät soveltuvat suomalaisen koulurakennuksen ympäristönsuojeluntason arviointiin. Kysymystä lähestytään tutustumalla kolmeen kansainväliseen ja yhteen suomalaiseen rakennusten ympäristöluokitusjärjestelmään. Tarkasteltavat järjestelmät ovat Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) ja Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) ja Promise. Tämän jälkeen tunnistetaan suomalaisen rakentamisen ja koulurakentamisen erityispiirteitä. Lopuksi arvioidaan BREEAM:n ja LEED:n koulurakennuksille tarkoitettujen ohjelmien soveltuvuutta suomalaisen koulurakennuksen ympäristönsuojelutason arviointiin.

Das ADOK-Projekt : Automatisierung und Deutsch im Online-Kurs

Julkaisumaa:CZE

Yleisessä Eläinsuojeluskokouksessa Helsingissä Kesäkuun 6—8 p:inä 1899 käsiteltävät Kysymykset

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Helsingin ohjelma 5

kuv., 12 x 20 cm

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