El viajero Wilhelm von Humboldt y sus sucesores: caracterización cultural del País Vasco en las descripciones de viaje del siglo XIX

Berta Raposo Fernández e Ingrid García Wistädt (editoras)

Hacia los orígenes de la literatura gastronómica: el calendario de Ananio (fr. 5 West)

[ES] El fragmento 5 West de Ananio, un yambógrafo del siglo VI a.C., es probablemente el primer ejemplo de literatura gastronómica en Grecia. En él se mencionan diversos alimentos indicando el mejor momento del año para su consumo, lo que lo convierte en un verdadero calendario gastronómico. Este tema será después particularmente importante en la medicina dietética, reapareciendo también en el personaje del cocinero-médico en la comedia.

II Workshop en Modelización Farmacocinética y Farmacodinámica. Aplicación del NONMEM para el desarrollo e interpretación de modelos FC/FD

Sesión I: Modelos FC/FD: Desarrollo e implementación de modelos. Sesión de exposición teórica seguida de realización y evaluación práctica: - Introducción al análisis farmacocinético con NONMEM: construcción de una base de datos y archivos control (Carmen Navarro Fontestad, Universitat de València). - Introducción al análisis farmacocinético con NONMEM: exploración, evaluación y validación de resultados de los modelos (Víctor Mangas Sanjuán, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche). Sesión II: Implementación de modelos farmacodinámicos en la modelización farmacocinética/farmacodinámica. Sesión de exposición teórica seguida de realización y evaluación práctica: - Iniciación al modelado de la respuesta farmacológica a través de NONMEM (Zinnia Parra-Guillén, Iñaki F. Trocóniz, Mª Jesús Garrido, Universidad de Navarra). - Iniciación al modelado de la respuesta farmacológica a través de NONMEM. Sesión práctica (Zinnia Parra-Guillén, Iñaki F. Trocóniz, Mª Jesús Garrido, Universidad de Navarra). Sesión III: Modelos FC/FD: Aplicaciones prácticas: - Modelos FC/FD para describir el efecto de antitumorales en el tamaño del tumor en modelos xenograft (Carlos Fernández Teruel, PharmaMar). - Modelos FC/FD en antibioterapia. Aplicación en profilaxis quirúrgica y pacientes críticos sometidos a técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal (Arantxa Isla, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU). - Modelos FC/FD antihistamínicos. Caso práctico bilastina (Ignacio Ortega, FAES FARMA)

Teste de sentar-levantar: relação com a mortalidade por todas as causas e com a flexibilidade

Sabe-se que um estilo de vida sedentário e uma condição aeróbica baixa são associados com uma maior chance de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e um maior risco de mortalidade por todas as causas. Contudo, é possível que outros indicadores de aptidão física possam ter significado clínico prognóstico. Originalmente proposto em 1999, o teste de sentar-levantar (TSL) é, simples de executar e possui comprovada reprodutibilidade inter e intra-avaliador. O avaliado inicia o teste com o escore máximo de 5 pontos para cada uma das ações de sentar e levantar, sendo subtraído do mesmo, um ponto para cada apoio extra utilizado (mão, braço e joelho) e meio ponto para cada desequilíbrio corporal perceptível. A pontuação do TSL escore, variando de 0 a 10, é realizada pela soma das ações de sentar e levantar. Considerando o potencial papel da flexibilidade para uma execução mais eficiente de gestos motores, não é surpreendente que o desempenho sobre TSL possa ser influenciado por essa valência. O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar a relação entre o resultado do TSL e a mortalidade por todas as causas e a flexibilidade. No primeiro estudo, 2002 indivíduos entre 51 e 80 anos (68% homens), realizaram o TSL e os resultados foram estratificados em quatro faixas: 0/3; 3,5/5,5, 6/7,5 and 8/10. Baixos resultados no TSL escore foram associados com um maior risco de mortalidade (p<0,001). Uma tendência contínua de maior sobrevivência se refletiu no ajuste multivariado idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal em um razão de risco de 5,44 [95%IC=3,19,5], 3,44 [95%IC=2,05,9] e 1,84 [95%IC=1,13,0] (p<0,001) dos menores para as maiores faixas de resultados do TSL. Cada aumento de um ponto no escore do TSL significou uma melhora de 21% na sobrevivência. Já o segundo estudo, contou com 3927 indivíduos (67,4% homens) que realizaram o TSL e o Flexiteste. O Flexiteste avalia a amplitude máxima passiva de 20 movimentos corporais. Para cada um dos movimentos, existem cinco escores possíveis, 0 a 4 em uma ordem de mobilidade crescente. A soma dos resultados dos 20 movimentos fornece uma pontuação de flexibilidade global denominada de Flexíndice (FLX). Os resultados do FLX foram estratificados em quartis (626, 2735, 3644 and 4577). Os valores do TSL em cada quartil diferiram entre si (p<0,001). Além disso, o escore do TSL e o FLX foram diretamente associados (r=0,296; p<0,001). Os indivíduos com um TSL escore zero são menos flexíveis para todos os 20 movimentos do Flexiteste do que aqueles com escore 10. Portanto, os dados da presente dissertação, indicam que: o resultado do TSL se mostrou um importante preditor de mortalidade por todas as causas para indivíduos entre 51-80 anos de idade e que indivíduos mais flexíveis tendem a ter maiores escores no TSL.

Propriedades fotoluminescentes e higroscopia do composto SrAl2O4 dopado com íons de Ni2+

Amostras foram preparadas pelo método de difusão a partir dos reagentes químicos SrCO3, Al2O3 e NiO em proporções estequiométricas. Medidas por difração de raios X mostraram que as amostras possuem uma única fase: SrAl2O4. Neste trabalho apresentamos imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura das amostras SrAl2O4 dopadas com 0,1%, 0,5%, 1,0%, 2,0%, 5,0% e 10,0% de íons de Ni2+, medidas de fotoluminescência, excitação da fotoluminescência da amostra SrAl2O4 dopada com 1,0% de íons de Ni2+, medidas de absorção fotoacústica das amostras SrAl2O4 dopadas com 1,0%, 2,0%, 5,0% e 10,0% de íons de Ni2+. Estas medidas foram realizadas a temperatura ambiente para investigar as transições eletrônicas dos íons divalente de níquel que entraram substitucionalmente nos sítios de Sr2+ da rede do SrAl2O4. Os resultados ópticos mostram a existência de três centros emissores de Ni2+. De acordo com a literatura, a estrutura do SrAl2O4 é composta de dois sítios octaédrico distintos de íons de Sr2+, o Sr12+ e o Sr22+, cujas distâncias médias Sr1 O e Sr2 O são, respectivamente, 2,800 Ǻ e 2,744 Ǻ. Visto que os íons de Ni2+ tendem a substituir os íons de Sr2+, devido ao fato de possuírem a mesma valência, é necessário considerar que uma parte dos íons de Ni2+ ocuparam os sítios dos íons de Al3+ na rede do SrAl2O4 para justificar a existência de um terceiro centro emissor de Ni2+ nesse composto. Uma novo sítio octaédrico para os íons de Ni2+ foi estimado a partir do valor da aresta do sítio tetraédrico ocupado pelos íons de Al3+ na rede do SrAl2O4 (considerando o raio iônico do Ni2+ como aproximadamente 40% maior do que o raio iônico do Al3+). As transições eletrônicas presentes nos espectros de excitação e absorção fotoacústica permitiram determinar os parâmetros de campo cristalino (Dq) e Racah (B e C) para os três sítios diferentes ocupados pelos íons de Ni2+ no SrAl2O4. Neste caso, os resultados mostraram que o sítio II dos íons de Ni2+ é associado à posição do Sr1 e possuem um parâmetro Dq menor e que o parâmetro Dq associado aos íons de Ni2+ que substituíram os íons de Sr no sitio I, o qual, por sua vez é associado à posição do Sr2. E, por fim, o sítio III que possui o menor parâmetro de campo cristalino Dq, portanto a maior distância íon ligante, é identificado como aquele relacionado ao rearranjo octaédrico local das antigas posições de Al3+. O caráter higroscópico do SrAl2O4:Ni2+ é observado a partir dos espectros de absorção fotoacústica e os modos de vibração de estiramento das ligações Ni OH e O H são identificadas nos espectros.

Las familias "Baeomycetaceae" e I"Icmadophilaceae" en la Península Ibérica

Se aportan datos morfológicos, químicos y de distribución de seis especies de las familias Baeomycetaceae (Baeomyces) e Icmadophilaceae (Dibaeis, Icmadophila, Thamnolia) presentes en la Península Ibérica. Se publican numerosas nuevas citas de Baeomyces rufus y de Dibaeis baeomyces, que constituyen las especies más frecuentes y abundantes en la península.

The first chronicle of Miguel Hernandez: The New Journalism (1936-1939)

This paper presents and analyzes the first literary-journalistic chronicle writen and published by Miguel Hernández: “Defensa de Madrid. Madrid y las ciudades de Retaguardia”, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This chronicle is the first one of a series establishing a new and personal type of journalism: literary chronicles –poetical and political-. Miguel Hernandez published his masterpieces in different newspapers as a war reporter, with his own name and with a pen-name, playing roles of director and political commissar in different newspapers in the war-trenches. Thematically, this first article shows his personal and political engagement, as well as his desire and strategy to protect the capital city of Spain: Madrid. Methodologically, the analysis is an approached to linguistics in social sciences, which presents some of the personal characteristics and style of the chronist Miguel Hernández. Thus, it becomes patent that the so-called New Journalism (narrative and literary), which flourished in the 70s, had already been deeply and efficiently practiced by Miguel Hernández 40 years before. That is the reason why Miguel Hernández deserves to be added to the well-known collective of chronicle writers that have already been rescued to this moment. His literary style and quality are installing him in a outstanding position as well as pioneer of the genre nowadays known as New Journalism that in his case, it is politically engaged

The divulgation of hygiene-sanitation matters at the start of Spanish radio (1933-1957)

The work analyse from a journalistic point of view the history radio divulgation of health during the Second Republic and the start of the Franco era. For it, printed sources of the health broadcast conferences have been analysed. The most frequently used radio genre was a combination of informative monologue and monologue opinion. Questions relating to maternal-juvenile health were the most disseminated. In general, the radio language employed responded to the needs for clarity, as well as adapting the message to the target audience. With Francoism, the political slogans were incorporated and the gender discussions were given more importance.

The trade unions membership dynamics and union members’ trajectories

This text presents an analysis of aggregated membership’s dynamics for Spanish trade unions, using ECVT data, as well as union memberships’ trajectories, or members’ decisions about joining the organization, permanency and responsibilities, and subsequent attrition. For the analysis of trajectories we make use of information of the records of actual memberships and the record of quitting of CCOO, and of a survey-questionnaire to a sample of leavers of the same union. This study allows us to confirm a linkage between the decision and motivations to become union member, to participate in union activities, the time of permanency, and the motives to quit the organization. We also identify five types of union members’ trajectories, indicating that, far from views that assert a monolithic structure, unions are complex organizations.

Spanish Sociology and Anti-Semitism Between passed prejudice and key to civilization

There is a significant lack of sociological research in Spain about anti-Semitism. At the same time there are alarming anti-Semitic tendencies and anti-Jewish stereotypes which are above the European average. This article aims to explain this lack of sociological research about anti-Semitism in Spain. Therefore two types of explications are offered: on the one hand side some structural problems will be shown which sociology in general had since its beginnings and which complicate the understanding of anti-Semitism. Furthermore explications regarding the specific social and historic situation in Spain and of Spanish sociology in particular will be exposed. It will be shown that for its rationalistic character and with the exception of very few authors – who are considered marginalized for practical research – sociology in general has had enormous problems in understanding anti-Semitism. The specific historic situation, Francoism, the dispute about the historic memory and the delayed institutionalisation of sociology could also explain the lack of sociological interest in the topic especially in Spain. The article shows that the study of anti-Semitism is not only relevant for struggling against this burden of society in many of its variants. Furthermore, thinking about anti-Semitism can help sociology to recognise its own epistemological problems. It can serve to criticise and improve instruments of sociological research by showing the limitations of the sociological approach and to uncover the importance of interdisciplinary research for understanding specific social phenomena. In that sense, anti-Semitism, far from being a marginal subject, can be considered a key topic in the process of civilisation and it can help us to decipher the contemporary Spanish society.

Welfare Regimes and “progressive” governments in Latin America: The cases of Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia

Several authors have applied the concept of Welfare Regimens for studying social policy in Latin America (Esping-Andersen, 1993 and 2000). Among others, Martínez Franzoni (2007) develops a typology, with fi eld work is at the turn of the millennium, and establishes three categories: State-productivist regime, state-protectionist and family orientated. Most countries in the region are placed in the latter category. The hypothesis of this article argues that with the emergence of governments considered “left” or “progressive” in several countries of the region from the late ‘90s and, more decisively, in 2000’, the map of welfare regimes models could have mutated substantively. The nationally transformative experiences are different (various socio-economic realities and political action in which they are located exists) but they have several contact points that can be summarized in a greater state intervention in different areas previously closed to their operating and recovery of important functions of welfare and care of the population by the government. The paper discusses with an exploratory and descriptive approach the welfare schemes that would shape in three countries that have constitutionalized the change from the neoliberal paradigm: Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador.

Orientación al mercado y tipología de las cooperativas agroalimentarias en base a la competitividad. Caso-estudio de las citrícolas españolas

La globalización ha recrudecido más si cabe la competencia en los mercados y las empresas deben afianzar y mejorar su posición competitiva para asegurar la supervivencia. Para ello resulta vital, entre otras cuestiones, velar por los intereses de los inversores al tiempo que cuidan de sus clientes. Las cooperativas sufren una coyuntura semejante respecto a sus socios y el mercado, es decir respecto a sus clientes internos (socios) y externos (mercado). El enfoque de las actividades y la estrategia de la cooperativa frente a esta dualidad determina su grado de orientación al mercado.Los estudios relacionados con la orientación al mercado en cooperativas son escasos en comparación con otras formas empresariales y han estado normalmente centrados en la figura de las cooperativas de segundo grado y circunscritos a sectores muy específicos.El sector citrícola español es uno de los más dinámicos y desarrollados del panorama productivo agrario. Su extensa experiencia comercial tanto a nivel doméstico como internacional confiere un carácter diferenciador a las entidades que operan en este subsector. Este trabajo analiza la posición de las cooperativas citrícolas españolas en relación a la orientación al mercado así como los factores de gestión y estrategia que están relacionadoscon ella. Para ello se utiliza una escala MARKOR, validada en estudios anteriores, sobre una muestra de 45 cooperativas.Se establece además una tipología de cooperativas citrícolas en base a los factores de competitividad que permiten ahondar en el conocimiento que existe sobre esta cuestión en entidades de economía social. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto un elevado grado de relación entre la innovación, el perfil del empresario y el conocimiento del entorno en relación con el grado de orientación al mercado.

Project evaluation SOU-estuTUtor: mentors’ perception

The introduction of new degrees in the Faculty of Education and the relevance of educational guidance comes to them, as a compulsory subject in all four grades started from 2009-2010, gives the opportunity to return and boost the University Guidance Service (UGS) as a means of consistency with the profile of their education and professional development of its students. The aim of the paper focuses on the evaluation of the results after the first year of implementing a peer mentoring project, SOU-estuTUtor Project, developed from UGS with all degree students of the Faculty of Education for Students new entrants. Program has been evaluated through the perception and satisfaction of the mentors on the organization, training, skills developed and adapted to the needs of students. After one academic year of implementation, the results show, on the one hand, the satisfaction and commitment of those involved and the partial response to the needs of the students served, as well as the optimization of the personal resources of the university but also some limitations that make it necessary to review the mentoring program in terms of control and duration of the process.

University students with disabilities in Universities. A study of their inclusion

Access to higher education has increased among students with disabilities, and universities are adopting different alternatives which must be assessed. The purpose of this study was to identify the situation of a sample of students with disabilities (n=91) who attend a university in Spain, through the design and validation of the “CUNIDIS-d” scale, with satisfactory psychometric properties. The results show the importance of making reasoned curriculum adaptations, adapting teacher training, improving accessibility and involving all the university community. Different proposals were provided which support the social dimension of the EHEA.

Blogs as virtual environments for teaching and learning in Higher Education

The transformation of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into knowledge and learning technologies is increasingly becoming a matter of concern. Teaching settings associated with the use of blogs in Higher Education are presented in this paper, proceeding from an innovative learning experience of projects carried out by a group of professors between 2009 and 2013. Both, teachers and students who took part in the subjects that implemented the blog, considered it as helpful resource to create a virtual and learning-teaching environment due to the multiple potentialities it offers. Among some of these potentialities, some stand out: it makes easier the access to knowledge, promotes a more active and reflective learning, expands the social experience of learning, provides evidence about the students’ progress which helps to reorient the teaching-learning process, and encourages the critical judgment. Nevertheless, several problems related with the students’ participation and the teacher’s blog management have been identified.