Práticas sócio-ambientais no espaço escolar: uma reflexão sobre a percepção dos usuários de duas escolas do ensino fundamental em João Pessoa, Paraíba

In the social-historical moment we live in, it is each time more evident the necessity of the people to learn to deal with the environment in conscientious way, taking care of themselves properly through it. In this direction, considering the school as a place where children, young and adolescents spend great part of their time, this work had as objective to examine the perception of school environment for students, professors and employees of two schools in João Pessoa city - Centro Estadual Experimental de Ensino-Aprendizagem Sesquicentenário and Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Presidente Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Experimental State Center of Learning-teaching Sesquicentenário and Basic and High State School Education Emilio Garrastazu Médici President). From the presupposed that the environments in which and with which people live reflect their daily practices, the field work searched to identify the social-environmental practices that characterize the relation of these users with the school and, from this understanding, to infer some of their concerns regarding the environment as a whole. To analyze the use of the available physical space in the two institutions it was opted the use of the After-Occupation Evaluation, one of the approaches that feed the process of building production or built set, rescuing aspects related to its use, operation and maintenance. Besides analyzing diverse school environments (such as classroom circulations/accesses, library, pedagogical and sportive spaces) in relation to the environmental comfort and the perceptions of the main users of the schools (pupils, professors and employees), the dissertation tried to inquire the care (ambient education) of these users with the school space. In general, it was verified that the two schools have evaluations and perceptions really different for four reasons: (i) management of the schools; (ii) the users perception; (III) localization of schools and (IV) feeling of place, territoriality and appropriation

A concepção estrutural como expressão plástica: um olhar tectônico sobre arquitetura em madeira

This work regards to the structural conception as a formal element of design in wood architecture. On this approach, the group of projects studied is formed by some realized works of two important Brazilian architects: Severiano Porto and Marcos Acayaba. The time interval comprises the period from 1971 to 1997, which correspond respectively to the years of the creation of first and the last of the analyzed constructions. The research perspective concerns to the relationship between the parts, the whole and the building techniques adopted in each project. Moreover, the analysis focuses on the structure as the link among the different projectual ideas. Thus, the research method firstly includes a survey of specific bibliographies and documents which refer to the structural conception in wood architecture. Secondly,the buildings are analyzed according to the methods of architectural composition discussed through this work.

Utopia moderna em África

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

O metal na arquitetura contemporânea paraibana 1990-2002

This essay studies about contemporary architecture in João Pessoa, capital city of Paraiba State, which analyzes the utilization of steel and aluminum materials from 1990 to 2002, period when significant increase of this utilization is seen. As references, the architectural analysis and Engel structures definitions were used to analyze 40 built buildings, universe researched, to bring together subsidies to comprehend the contemporary production, especially which use the metal as structural and esthetic-formal element

Den framställande gesten : Om konstverkets presentation i den moderna konstutställningen

The Gesture of Exposure On the presentation of the work of art in the modern art exhibition The topic of this dissertation is the presentation of art works in the modern art exhibition as being the established and conventionalized form of art encounter. It investigates the possibility of a theorization of the art exhibition as a separate object for research, and attempts to examine the relationship between the art work and its presentation in a modern art exhibition. The study takes its point of departure in the area vaguely defined as exhibition studies, and in the lack of a general problematization of the analytical tools used for closer examination of the modern art exhibition. Another lacking aspect is a closer consideration of what happens to the work of art when it is exposed in an art exhibition. The aim of the dissertation is to find a set of concepts that can be used for further theorization The art exhibition is here treated, on the one hand, as an act of exposure, as a showing gesture. On the other hand, the art exhibition is seen as a spatiality, as a space that is produced in the act of showing. Both aspects are seen to be intimately involved in knowledge production. The dissertation is divided into four parts, in which different aspects of the art exhibition are analyzed using different theoretical approaches. The first part uses the archaeological model of Michel Foucault, and discusses the exhibition as a discursive formation based on communicative activity. The second part analyses the derived concepts of gesture and space. This leads to the proposition of three metaphorical spatialities the frame, the agora and the threshold which are seen as providing a possibility for a further extension of the theory of exhibitions. The third part extends the problematization of the relationship between the individual work of art and its exposure through the ideas of Walter Benjamin and Maurice Blanchot. The fourth part carries out a close reading of three presentations from the modern era in order to further examine the relationship between the work of art and its presentation, using the tools that have been developed during the study. In the concluding section, it is possible to see clearer borderlines and conditions for the development of an exhibition theory. The concepts that have been analysed and developed into tools are shown to be useful, and the examples take the discussion into a consideration of the altered premises for the encounter with the postmodern work of art.

Idyll eller verklighet? : Albert Edelfelt och Gunnar Berndtson i det moderna genombrottets ambivalens

Idyll or Reality? Albert Edelfelt, Gunnar Berndtson and the ambivalent breakthrough of modernity Albert Edelfelt (1854-1905) and Gunnar Berndtson (1854-1895) have much in common. In this dissertation, I study their paintings of local peasants and fishermen and of the gentry’s summer in the county of Uusimaa in southern Finland, in the context of Nordic history of ideas. The breakthrough of modernity, with its attention on debating social problems, provides a novel angle into the oeuvres of the two artists. My focus is on the paintings which emerge in the collision of the public discussion of social matters and the values of the artists’ manorial milieu. The artists’ relation to the public discussion is scrutinized through two of the main topics: the question of the common people and democracy, and the question of equality between men and women. My dissertation is a contextual study which is based on the analysis of the artworks of Edelfelt and Berndtson, on their letters, and on the study of drama and fiction of their time. The notion “liberté, egalité, fraternité” is linked to the breakthrough of modernity. Both artists were aware of the ideal of equality. They used the means and the themes of contemporary art in their presentations, but their pictures contain the ideal of an earlier epoch: the hardworking, but still complacent common people. This conception of the common people is also reflected in the poems of J. L. Runeberg. Women of the late 19th century challenged woman’s primary role as wife and mother. In Edelfelt’s and Berndtson’s depictions of the gentry enjoying summer, women and children have the main role. Notwithstanding the debate of the breakthrough of modernity they depicted women almost without exception as good mothers. Their paintings often depict lazy days in the sunshine, which were, in reality, rare moments for the mistress of the house. Edelfelt’s and Berndtson’s subjects from the Uusimaa countryside coincide with the topics of the breakthrough of modernity, but both the pictures of the common people and the depictions of the gentry enjoying summer, are a retouched picture of reality, often an idyll, in which the public discussion of social matters is evident only materially or not at all.

From ‘Afflicted’ to Activists: Structural Violence and Climate Change Discourse in the States of Pernambuco and Paraíba in Northeast Brazil

This study approaches the problem of poverty in the hinterlands of Northeast Brazil through the concept of structural violence, linking the environmental threats posed by climate change, especially those related to droughts, to the broader social struggles in the region. When discussions about potentials and rights are incorporated into the problematic of poverty, a deeper insight is obtained regarding the various factors behind the phenomenon. It is generally believed that climate change is affecting the already marginalized and poor more than those of higher social standing, and will increasingly do so in the future. The data for this study was collected during a three month field work in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba in Northeast Brazil. The main methods used were semi-structured interviews and participant observation, including attending seminars concerning climate change on the field. The focus of the work is to compare both layman and expert perceptions on what climate change is about, and question the assumptions about its effects in the future, mainly that of increased numbers of ‘climate refugees’ or people forced to migrate due to changes in climate. The focus on droughts, as opposed to other manifestations of climate change, arises from the fact that droughts are not only phenomena that develop over a longer time span than floods or hurricanes, but is also due to the historical persistence of droughts in the region, and both the institutional and cultural linkages that have evolved around it. The instances of structural violence that are highlighted in this study; the drought industry, land use, and the social and power relations present in the region, including those between the civil society, the state and the private agribusiness sector, all work against a backdrop of symbolic and moral realms of value production, where relations between the different actors are being negotiated anew with the rise of the climate change discourse. The main theoretical framework of the study consists of Johan Galtung’s and Paul Farmer’s theory of structural violence, Ulrich Beck’s theory of the risk society, and James Scott’s theory of everyday peasant resistance.

La teología ante la física moderna : cuestiones fundamentales para un diálogo posible : 2ª parte: la teología de la creación ante la cosmología científica

Resumen: El descubrimiento de la verdadera naturaleza evolutiva y mutable de este universo en que vivimos ha dado origen a la moderna cosmología científica, que con sus modelos del nacimiento y evolución del cosmos plantea estimulantes cuestiones teológicas como la relación entre creación e inicio del universo, la acción divina en el mundo o la teleología y finalidad última de la Creación.

Las puertas de la India : consideraciones sobre la indología moderna

Resumen: El presente trabajo pretende ser una introducción al pensamiento de la India. Comienza considerando el desarrollo de la Indología, en sus distintas etapas y corrientes metodológicas, e incluye una precisión sobre estos estudios en la Argentina. Luego de centrarse en la perspectiva hermenéutica, se detallan las épocas de la tradición clásica de la India y las características básicas de su espiritualidad. La autora se adentra a continuación en cuatro nociones que pueden comprenderse como portales de acceso al mundo Indio: mâyâ, karma, yoga y moksha. A la luz de estas nociones tan específicas, la conclusión plantea el diálogo entre disciplinas y culturas como vía para comprender la profunda interdependencia del mundo.

De la lírica medieval a la moderna : tradicionalidad e individualidad en la poesía española

Integran este número de la revista ponencias presentadas en Studia Hispanica Medievalia VIII : Actas de las X Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval, 2011, y de Homenaje al Quinto Centenario del Cancionero General de Hernando del Castillo.

El conocimiento técnico (y la cultura tecnocrática moderna) : aportes del realismo

Resumen: El conocimiento técnico parece estar sobrevalorado. Esta situación puede provenir de una consideración aislada de aquel tipo de conocimiento. Una correcta integración de los saberes, incluida la técnica, tiende a un desarrollo más armónico de los fines del ser humano.

El problema de la razón moderna y el estado de derecho según Joseph Ratzinger

Resumen: El presente texto analiza dos cuestiones centrales en el pensamiento de Joseph Ratzinger: por un lado, el problema de la racionalidad del derecho y, en segundo lugar, el fundamento del Estado de Derecho en el mundo moderno. Para tal fin, previo diagnóstico sobre la situación jurídica contemporánea, se analizan ambos tópicos de acuerdo a los principales discursos realizados por el Cardenal Ratzinger y luego papa Benedicto XVI llegando a la conclusión de que el problema subyacente a ambos es el problema de la verdad tanto metafísica como moral.

O biodiesel no Brasil e no mundo e o potencial do estado da Paraíba

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Emendas individuais ao orçamento da união dos deputados federais do Estado da Paraíba da 53ª legislatura : uso eleitoral das emendas individuais ao orçamento

O presente trabalho consiste na análise das emendas individuais ao Orçamento da União dos deputados federais do Estado da Paraíba, na 53ª legislatura, para verificar se elas atendem as prioridades sociais da população, baseando-se no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano onde identificamos o índice de pobreza elevado, ou se elas são destinadas mais com intuito de lograr êxito nas campanhas eleitorais. São analisadas também quais as principais áreas que as emendas são destinadas e se há ou não privilégios em sua destinação, de acordo com o colegiado eleitoral dos parlamentares. Para tanto, descrevemos um pouco sobre o Estado e posteriormente apresentamos uma visão geral do orçamento. Conclui-se que fica comprovado o quanto é presente a oligarquia na política do Estado e, por isso, revela as ações paroquialistas dos deputados que utilizam as emendas orçamentárias individuais para levar benefícios para seus redutos eleitorais, bem como para localidades que possam lhe prospectar uma votação significativa e assim garantir sua reeleição ou eleição dos seus indicados.

Las contribuciones vascas a la Hacienda Real en la Edad Moderna: Algunos contrastes provinciales

[ES]Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. E1 primero, ofrecer una panorámica general sobre las contribuciones fiscales de las Provincias Vascas a la Corona durante el Antiguo Régimen,resaltando las diferencias que en ese orden existían entre las tres.El segundo,situar las demandas fiscales regias en el origen de las haciendas provinciales vascas,estableciendo los distintos ritmos que se siguieron en su conformación entre los siglos XVII y XVIII, hasta alcanzar una mayor homologación ya en 1a centuria siguiente.