239 resultados para Sapiens


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Se recogen talleres, proyectos y experiencias realizadas en el ámbito de la provincia de Sante Fé (Argentina). Se pretende demostrar que las acciones significativas de 'aprender haciendo' son verdaderos caminos de los procesos mentales y que el aprender desde la movilización del campo de lo artístico trasciende el mero trabajo pedagógico del docente de especialidad, para transformarse en un poderoso auxiliar del proyecto educativo. Se involucra así a toda la Escuela, sirviendo a todos los docentes, dado que el objetivo de este trabajo es compartir experiencias de talleres de globalización en los que se vive y se construye, desde lo artístico, los caminos de Lengua, Matemáticas, Ciencias Sociales y la problemática de los contenidos transversales. En este libro se incorporan dinámicas que movilizan desde el juego creativo, permiten explorar y facilitan el aprendizaje a través de relaciones significativas. Se analizan, a través de ejemplos, las construcciones de cada uno de los lenguajes artísticos; se describen crónicas de algunos talleres y se muestran proyectos institucionales facilitados por los docentes.

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Se realiza un estudio del hombre de Atapuerca, el hombre de Neanderthal y el Homo sapiens sapiens a trav??s de los descubrimientos de investigadores espa??oles en diferentes yacimientos.

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El ser humano se clasifica como perteneciente al orden de los primates, suborden antropoideos, superfamilia hominoideos, familia homínidos y género homo (Young, 1976) Muchos aspectos de la evolución humana, son todavía hipotéticos; sin embargo las secuencias evolutivas son:Aegyptopithecus, Ramapithecus, australopithecus africanus, driopithecus, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens, homo sapiens sapiens. La hominización debió llevarse a cabo de forma gradual, a través de una serie de pasos evolutivos que desembocaron en el estado de hominización del hombre moderno. Se ha aceptados que en la hominización interaccionaron una serie de procesos: posición bípeda, utilización y fabricación de instrumentos, evolución del cerebro (incremento de su tamaño), establecimiento de cambios (estructurales), organización social, evolución de la mente, lenguaje y cultura. La teoría sintética y evolución del hombre permite comprender coherentemente los mecanismos que intervinieron en la evolución humana y son dos: variabilidad genética y selección natural. La primera reforma a través de la recombinación genética y las mutaciones. Estas últimas son la base primaria de la variabilidad genética. Aunque las tasas de mutación son bajas, ocurren continuamente en las poblaciones naturales. La variabilidad genética, materia prima de la evolución no es suficiente para explicar la evolución. Es necesario recurrir al mecanismo que Darwin expuso de la selección natural de las especies sólo los más aptos sobreviven. La selección natural es determinista y finalista. Si partimos, de la idea de que la evolución del hombre, ahora estará mas determinada por la selección cultural que por la natural, está claro que el psicólogo debe participar en el futuro evolutivo del hombre.

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La guía pedagógica de dicho proyecto puede consultarse en http://sapiens.ya.com/laurecaballero

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Se lleva a cabo una indagación de las emociones y se destaca la importancia que tienen en la educación. Se acepta un enfoque naturalista de explicación y se enfatiza el papel fundamental del cuerpo y del cerebro para la generación de las emociones y su fundamento filogenético. Se analiza la relación entre emoción y sentimiento. A continuación, se introduce el papel de la cultura; la intencionalidad y las comunidades cognitivas en el desarrollo del homo sapiens; su sociabilidad; su educación y su evolución misma. Por último, se apela a un enfoque complementario y naturalista para explicar y entender al ser humano.

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Where does biology end and culture begin? While the human body is now widely accepted as being both biological and cultural, the brain is still considered by archaeologists as being a biological entity that provides the capacity for culture and is subject to no further change after the evolution of Homo sapiens. This article reviews recent research that suggests that the brain has continued to evolve at an increasing rate in recent times under the influence Of culturally created environments and that both the anatomy and function of individual brains can be manipulated by cultural behaviour. It describes an experiment in which one of us successfully changed his own brain in response to his cultural activity.

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This review highlights the importance of right hemisphere language functions for successful social communication and advances the hypothesis that the core deficit in psychosis is a failure of segregation of right from left hemisphere functions. Lesion studies of stroke patients and dichotic listening and functional imaging studies of healthy people have shown that some language functions are mediated by the right hemisphere rather than the left. These functions include discourse planning/comprehension, understanding humour, sarcasm, metaphors and indirect requests, and the generation/comprehension of emotional prosody. Behavioural evidence indicates that patients with typical schizophrenic illnesses perform poorly on tests of these functions, and aspects of these functions are disturbed in schizo-affective and affective psychoses. The higher order language functions mediated by the right hemisphere are essential to an accurate understanding of someone's communicative intent, and the deficits displayed by patients with schizophrenia may make a significant contribution to their social interaction deficits. We outline a bi-hemispheric theory of the neural basis of language that emphasizes the role of the sapiens-specific cerebral torque in determining the four-chambered nature of the human brain in relation to the origins of language and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Future studies of abnormal lateralization of left hemisphere language functions need to take account of the consequences of a failure of lateralization of language functions to the right as well as the left hemisphere.

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Arabia is a key area for the dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH, Homo sapiens) out of Africa. Given its modern hostile environment, the question of the timing of dispersal is also a question of climatic conditions. Fresh water and food were crucial factors facilitating AMH expansions into Arabia. By dating relict lake deposits, four periods of lake formation were identified: one during the early Holocene and three during the late Pleistocene centered ca. 80, ca. 100, and ca. 125 ka. Favorable environmental conditions during these periods allowed AMH to migrate across southern Arabia. Between ca. 75 and 10.5 ka, arid conditions prevailed and turned southern Arabia into a natural barrier for human dispersal. Thus, expansion of AMH through the southern corridor into Asia must have taken place before 75 ka, possibly in multiple dispersals.

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Arabia is an important potential pathway for the dispersal of Homo sapiens (“out of Africa”). Yet, because of its arid to hyper-arid climate humans could only migrate across southern Arabia during pluvial periods when environmental conditions were favorable. However, knowledge on the timing of Arabian pluvial periods prior to the Holocene is mainly based on a single and possibly incomplete speleothem record from Hoti Cave in Northern Oman. Additional terrestrial records from the Arabian Peninsula are needed to confirm the Hoti Cave record. Here we present a new speleothem record from Mukalla Cave in southern Yemen. The Mukalla Cave and Hoti Cave records clearly reveal that speleothems growth occurred solely during peak interglacial periods, corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 (early to mid-Holocene), 5.1, 5.3, 5.5 (Eemian), 7.1, 7.5 and 9. Of these humid periods, highest precipitation occurred during MIS 5.5 and lowest during early to middle Holocene.

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Taphonomic studies regularly employ animal analogues for human decomposition due to ethical restrictions relating to the use of human tissue. However, the validity of using animal analogues in soil decomposition studies is still questioned. This study compared the decomposition of skeletal muscle tissues (SMTs) from human (Homo sapiens), pork (Sus scrofa), beef (Bos taurus), and lamb (Ovis aries) interred in soil microcosms. Fixed interval samples were collected from the SMT for microbial activity and mass tissue loss determination; samples were also taken from the underlying soil for pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient (potassium, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate) analysis. The overall patterns of nutrient fluxes and chemical changes in nonhuman SMT and the underlying soil followed that of human SMT. Ovine tissue was the most similar to human tissue in many of the measured parameters. Although no single analogue was a precise predictor of human decomposition in soil, all models offered close approximations in decomposition dynamics.