Un modelo did??ctico para la ense??anza de la ecuaci??n fundamental de la Din??mica

Construir un modelo de ense??anza-aprendizaje de la ecuaci??n fundamental de la Din??mica en torno a la posibilidad de utilizar el m??todo hist??rico, es decir, la posibilidad de establecer un paralelismo o isomorfismo entre la historia de la ciencia (evoluci??n del conocimiento hasta que llega a a ser cient??fico) y la psicog??nesis de los conceptos f??sicos. El an??lisis hist??rico posibilita la predicci??n, a partir de una estructura del pensamiento ontogen??tico (respecto a un concepto concreto), de qu?? otra estructura va a suceder, pero no es suficiente. la autora utilizar , adem??s, dos procesos: el an??lisis directo (ver c??mo construye la ecuaci??n un individuo) y el metacognitivo (analizar mi proceso de construcci??n de la ecuaci??n). Estudio de caso ??nico. La investigaci??n comienza con un recorrido por la historia de la ciencia desde la F??sica aristot??lica hasta la F??sica newtoniana, sus fundamentos y su influencia posterior. La autora plantea el paralelismo entre la evoluci??n hist??rica de los conceptos y nociones de la f??sica y su psicog??nesis. Pasa a realizar un recorrido por los medelos de aprendizaje (Bandura, Reigeluth, Bruner, Ausubel, Piaget y Gagn??), para llegar a elaborar su propuesta: un modelo de ense??anza-aprendizaje de la ecuaci??n fundamental de la din mica (segunda Ley de Newton). La parte experimental se centra en el dise??o del caso ??nico sobre el que la autora establece sus conclusiones, una vez aplicado el modelo. 1. Cambio a favor de la consideraci??n sist??mica de la situaci??n-problema (resultante de fuerzas); 2. Superaci??n del conflicto cognitivo resultado del uso indiscriminado de gravedad y peso; 3. Introducci??n en su esquema de la variable gravedad terrestre para diferenciar entre la aceleraci??n gravitatoria y no gravitatoria; 4. Mediante la coordinaci??n de esquemas (primero y segundo principios de la din??mica) puedo inferir que cuando la resultante de fuerzas es igual a cero, el cuerpo est?? en reposo o lleva velocidad constante, cuando es distinto de cero, el cuerpo sufre una variaci??n en su velocidad (aceleraci??n); 5. La coordinaci??n de esquemas le permiti?? conferir un significado preciso y adecuado al principio de acci??n y reacci??n; 6. Diferenciaci??n de magnitudes escalares y vectoriales (que necesitan considerar la direcci??n y el sentido). Ante el problema planteado en la investigaci??n y referido a si la ontog??nesis podr??a o no recapitular a la filog??nesis, decir que no tiene sentido suponer que los alumnos, por s?? mismos, puedan construir todos los conocimientos que, tanto esfuerzo y tiempo, costaron a los m??s relevantes cient??ficos; la ense??anza por descubrimiento dar??a paso al trabajo colectivo de investigaci??n dirigida, tan alejado del descubrimiento aut??nomo, como de la trasmisi??n de conocimientos ya elaborados.

An??lisis del entrenamiento estrat??gico en el manual "Con Din??mica"

Trabajo fin de m??ster (Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2012)

??Por qu?? no te callas?? o avaluar, ensenyar i aprendre : la comunicaci?? oral a l'educaci?? secund??ria

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??Para qu?? se lee y se escribe en la universidad colombiana? : caracterizaci??n de pr??cticas de lectura y escritura en 17 universidades

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La aportaci??n del aprendizaje-servicio en el mundo : ??de qu?? calidad educativa hablamos?

El art??culo forma parte de un dossier titulado: Aprendizaje-servicio.

Per a qu?? ensenyar i aprendre economia?

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L'educaci?? financiera en l'educaci?? obligat??ria : per qu??, qu??, com i quan

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La alfabetizaci??n acad??mica en la Universidad : un estudio predictivo

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??Qu?? pueden hacer los centros p??blicos ante el abandono escolar prematuro? : explorando las medidas de apoyo al alumnado a trav??s de dos estudios de caso en Catalu??a en un contexto de crisis

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Surface chemical studies on mica and galena using dextrin

The interactions of dextrin with biotite mica and galena have been investigated through adsorption, flotation, and electrokinetic measurements. The adsorption densities of dextrin onto mica continuously increase with increase of pH, while those onto galena show a maximum at pH 11.5. It is observed that the adsorption density of dextrin onto galena is quite high compared to that on mica. Both the adsorption isotherms exhibit Langmuirian behavior. Electrokinetic measurements portray conformational rearrangements of macromolecules with the loading, resulting in a shift of the shear plane, further away from the interface. Dissolution experiments indicate release of the lattice metal ions from mica and galena. Coprecipitation tests confirm polymer-metal ion interaction in the bulk solution. Dextrin does not exhibit any depressant action toward mica, whereas, with galena, the flotation recovery is decreased with an increase in pH beyond 9, in the presence of dextrin, complementing the adsorption results. Differential flotation results on a synthetic mixture of mica and galena show that mica can be selectively separated from galena using dextrin as a depressant for galena above pH 10. Possible mechanisms of interaction between dextrin and mica/galena are discussed.

Fluidity of mica particle dispersed aluminium alloy

Cast aluminium alloy-mica particle composites were made by dispersing mica particles in a vortex produced by stirring the liquid Al-4 wt% Cu-1.5 wt% Mg alloy and then casting the melt containing the suspended particles into permanent moulds. Spiral fluidity and casting fluidity of the alloy containing mica particles in suspension were determined. Both the spiral fluidity and the casting fluidity of the base alloy were found to decrease with an increase in volume or weight percent of mica particles (of a given size), and with a decrease in particle size (for a given amount of particles). The fluidities of Al-4 wt% Cu-1.5 wt% Mg alloys containing suspended mica particles were found to correlate very well with the surface area of suspended mica particles. The regression equation for spiral fluidity Y (cm) as a function of surface area of mica particles per gram of spiral X (cm2 g–1) at 700° C was found to be Y=42.62–0.42X with a correlation coefficient of 0.9634. The regression equations for casting fluidity Yprime (cm) as a functiono of surface area of mica particles per gram of fluidity test piece Xprime (cm2 g–1) at 710 and 670° C were found to be Yprime=19.71–0.17Xprime and Yprime=13.52–0.105Xprime with correlation coefficients of 0.9194 and 0.9612 respectively. The percentage decrease in casting fluidity of composite melts containing up to 2.5 wt% mica with a drop in temperature is quite similar to the corresponding decrease in the casting fluidity of base alloy melts (without mica). The change in fluidity due to mica dispersions has been discussed in terms of changes in viscosity of the composite melts. However, the fluidities of these composite alloys containing up to 2.5 wt% mica are adequate for making a variety of simple castings including bearings for which these alloys have been developed.

Wear characteristics and bearing performance of aluminium-mica particulate composite material

Some tribological properties of a mica-dispersed Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg alloy cast by a conventional foundry technique are reported. The effect of mica dispersion on the wear rate and journal bearing performance of the matrix alloy was studied under different pressures and under different interface friction conditions. The dispersion of mica was found (a) to increase the wear rate of the base alloy, (b) to decrease the temperature rise during wear and (c) to improve the ability of the alloy to resist seizure.

Preparation of cast aluminium alloy-mica particle composites

The optimum conditions for producing cast aluminium alloy-mica particle composites, by stirring mica particles (40 to 120 mgrm) in molten aluminium alloys (above their liquidus temperatures), followed by casting in permanent moulds, are described. Addition of magnesium either as pieces along with mica particles on the surface of the melts or as a previously added alloying element was found to be necessary to disperse appreciable quantities (1.5 to 2 wt.%) of mica particles in the melts and retain them as uniform dispersions in castings under the conditions of present investigation. These castings can be remelted and degassed with nitrogen at least once with the retention of about 80% mica particles in the castings. Electron probe micro-analysis of these cast composites showed that magnesium added to the surface of the melt along with mica has a tendency to segregate around the mica particles, apparently improving the dispersability for mica particles in liquid aluminium alloys. The mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy-mica particle composite decrease with an increase in mica content, however, even at 2.2% the composite has a tensile strength of 14.22 kg mm–2 with 1.1% elongation, a compression strength of 42.61 kg mm–2, and an impact strength of 0.30 kgm cm–2. The properties are adequate for certain bearing applications, and the aluminium-mica composite bearings were found to run under boundary lubrication, semi-dry and dry friction conditions whereas the matrix alloy (without mica) bearings seized or showed stick slip under the same conditions.

Combined Atomic Force Microscopy and Modeling Study of The Evolution of Octadecylamine Films on a Mica Surface

The time evolution of the film thickness and domain formation of octadecylamine molecules adsorbed oil a mica surface is investigated Using atomic force microscopy. The adsorbed Film thickness is determined by measuring the height profile across the mica-amine interface of a mica surface partially immersed in a 15 mM solution of octadecylamine in chloroform. Using this novel procedure, adsorption of amine on mica is found to occur in three distinct stages, with morphologically distinct domain Formation and growth occurring during each stage. In the first stage, where adsorption is primarily in the thin-film regime, all average Film thickness of 0.2 (+/- 0.3) nm is formed for exposure times below 30 s and 0.8 (+/- 0.2) nm for 60 s of immersion time. During this stage, large sample spanning domains are observed. The second stage, which occurs between 60-300 s, is associated with it regime of rapid film growth, and the film thickness increases from about 0.8 to 25 nm during this stage. Once the thick-film regime is established, further exposure to the amine solution results in all increase in the domain area, and it regime of lateral domain growth is observed. In this stage, the domain area coverage grows from 38 to 75%, and the FTIR spectra reveal an increased level of crystallinity in the film. Using it diffusion-controlled model and it two-step Langmuir isotherm, the time evolution of the film growth is quantitatively captured. The model predicts the time at which the thin to thick film transition occurs as well its the time required for complete film growth at longer times. The Ward-Tordai equation is also solved to determine the model parameters in the monolayer (thin-film) regime, which occurs during the initial stages of film growth.

Mechanical Properties of Al-Mica Particulate Composite Material

Cast aluminium alloy mica particle composites of varying mica content were tested in tension, compression, and impact. With 2.2 percent mica (size range 40µm – 120µm) the tensile and compression strengths of aluminium alloy decreased by 56 and 22 percent, respectively. The corresponding decreases in percent elongation and percent reduction are 49 and 39 percent. Previous work [2] shows that despite this decrease in strength the composite with 2.5 percent mica and having an UTS of 15 kg/mm2 and compression strength of 28 kg/mm2 performs well as a bearing material under severe running conditions. The differences in strength characteristics of cast aluminium-mica particle composites between tension and compression suggests that, as in cast iron, expansion of voids at the matrix particle interface may be the guiding mechanism of the deformation. SEM studies show that on the tensile fractured specimen surface, there are large voids at the particle matrix interface.