Dyslexia - towards diagnosis : the implications of corical laterality for children's reading difficulties

Dyslexia as a concept is defined and reviewed in a context of psychological, neurological and educational processes. In the present investigation these processes are recognised but emphasis is placed on dyslexia as a phenomenon of a written language system. The type of script system involved in the phenomenon is that of an alphabetic code representing phonological elements of language In script form related to meaning. The nature of this system is viewed In the light of current linguistic and psycholinguistic studies. These studies based as they are on an analysis of underlying written language structures provide a framework for examining the arbitrary and rule-governed system which a young child is expected to acquire. There appear to be fundamental implications for reading, spelling and writing processes; for example an alphabetic system requires recognition of consistent script-phonetic relationships, 'mediated word identification' and in particular uni-directional sensory and motor modes of perceiving. These are critical maturational factors in the young learner. The skills needed by the child for decoding and encoding such a phonemic script are described in a psychological and neuropsychological framework. Evidence for individual differences in these skills is noted and the category of the dyslexic-type learner emerges. Incidence is related to the probabilities of individual differences in lateralisation of brain function not favouring the acquisition of our script system In some cases. Dyslexia is therefore regarded as a primary difficulty consequent upon the incompatibility between:the written language system itself and the intrinsic, developmental skills of an individual's perceptual/motor system. It is recognised that secondary stresses e.g. socio-cultural deprivation, low intellectual potential or emotional trauma can further inhibit the learning process. Symptomology of a dyslexic syndrome is described.. The symptomology is seen by the writer to constitute a clinical entity. a specific category of learning difficulty for which predictive and diagnostic procedure could be devised for classroom use. Consequently an index of relevant test items has been compiled, based upon key clinical experiences and theoretical writings. This instrument knovn as the Aston Index is presented and discussed. The early stages of validation are reported and the proposed longtitudinal studies are described. The aim is to give teachers in the classroom the power and understanding to plan more effectively the earliest stages of teaching and learning; in particular to provide the means of matching the nature of the skill to be acquired with the underlying developmental patterns of each individual learner.

It takes an institution's village to retain a student: A comprehensive look at two early warning system undergraduate retention programs and administrators' perceptions of students' experiences and the retention services they provide students in the early warning system retention programs

Institutions have implemented many campus interventions to address student persistence/retention, one of which is Early Warning Systems (EWS). However, few research studies show evidence of interventions that incorporate noncognitive factors/skills, and psychotherapy/psycho-educational processes in the EWS. A qualitative study (phenomenological interview and document analysis) of EWS at both a public and private 4-year Florida university was conducted to explore EWS through the eyes of the administrators of the ways administrators make sense of students' experiences and the services they provide and do not provide to assist students. Administrators' understanding of noncognitive factors and the executive skills subset and their contribution to retention and the executive skills development of at-risk students were also explored. Hossler and Bean's multiple retention lenses theory/paradigms and Perez's retention strategies were used to guide the study. Six administrators from each institution who oversee and/or assist with EWS for first time in college undergraduate students considered academically at-risk for attrition were interviewed. Among numerous findings, at Institution X: EWS was infrequently identified as a service, EWS training was not conducted, numerous cognitive and noncognitive issues/deficits were identified for students, and services/critical departments such as EWS did not work together to share students' information to benefit students. Assessment measures were used to identify students' issues/deficits; however, they were not used to assess, track, and monitor students' issues/deficits. Additionally, the institution's EWS did address students' executive skills function beyond time management and organizational skills, but did not address students' psychotherapy/psycho-educational processes. Among numerous findings, at Institution Y: EWS was frequently identified as a service, EWS training was not conducted, numerous cognitive and noncognitive issues/deficits were identified for students, and services/critical departments such as EWS worked together to share students' information to benefit students. Assessment measures were used to identify, track, and monitor students' issues/deficits; however, they were not used to assess students' issues/deficits. Additionally, the institution's EWS addressed students' executive skills function beyond time management and organizational skills, and psychotherapy/psycho-educational processes. Based on the findings, Perez's retention strategies were not utilized in EWS at Institution X, yet were collectively utilized in EWS at Institution Y, to achieve Hossler and Bean's retention paradigms. Future research could be designed to test the link between engaging in the specific promising activities identified in this research (one-to-one coaching, participation in student success workshops, academic contracts, and tutoring) and student success (e.g., higher GPA, retention). Further, because this research uncovered some concern with how to best handle students with physical and psychological disabilities, future research could link these same promising strategies for improving student performance for example among ADHD students or those with clinical depression.

Aprender e ensinar na escola inclusiva: desafios na construção da identidade de pedagogos

The democratization of Brazilian education and discussion about the educational rights of persons with disabilities in refer to reflection on the conceptions of teaching and learning and the folding of these concepts in practice and in the formation of professional identity of the teacher educator. Thus, the proposed research in this dissertation aimed to describe educational processes developed by educators in classrooms in which they are enrolled students with disabilities a view to considering how these processes affect the construction of their professional identity of the pedagogue. As the methodology used to research is classified as Case Study. This methodological approach enables the analysis of singularities of educational contexts. In this work, the case investigated consisted of the analytical study of the pedagogical practices developed in classrooms where there are students with disabilities and their relation to the establishment of the professional identity of the teacher in a school linked to a non-governmental organization supporting people with disabilities in the city of Natal / RN. The Data were collected through the use of the following instruments: exploratory questionnaires, observation and respective registration in the field diary of research and interviews with educators in different professional cycles proposed by Huberman. The data reveal didactic and pedagogical aspects common in educational processes in the observed classes and differences concerning the specifics of pedagogues in the teaching profession in different moments of their professional careers. The analysis of the conceptions tell us the nuances of meanings constructed on teaching and learning and its interface with the reflection on teaching practice. As to the meaning assigned to be pedagogue research highlights the professional identification related to the meanings of teaching and learning in school. The experiences in the teaching profession according to the survey data point to changes in teachers conceptions about teaching and learning disabled people in the perspective of inclusion. Therefore, the study concludes that the pedagogical practices with students with disabilities the different experiences add up and can transform conceptions of teachers about teaching and learning interfering with constant reflection on practices and the construction of professional identities of pedagogues.

Educação profissional e tecnológica de turismo no Brasil: análise através da percepção de docentes da rede federal de educação

The increasing pace of technological change and innovation in the labor market are important landmarks that contribute to accelerate the improvement of vocational and technological education. The need to analyze the educational processes is correlated with this dynamic in order to respond to the pedagogical processes and inherent to the labor market needs in evidence. This research theme is centered on targeted education process for tourist activity that is premised on improving the quality of services, taking as analysis parameter technological higher education in the federal education network (IF), covering the design, similarity and the differences in the courses offered, the axis of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure instituted by the National catalog Technological Colleges and the National Science and Technology Department in Brazil. The research also aims to investigate the design and implementation of these upper and search courses emphasize the importance of training for students. The research is exploratory qualitative from survey data on the websites of the Ministry of Education, was adopted as a research procedure the questionnaire sent to coordinators via institutional email courses, to collect data in order to obtain results about Technological Education Federal Education Network. The survey results show that most courses offered by technological higher education in the federal education network (IF) is the Tourism Management, we noted that this option is the result of the ease in assembling the structure of the courses in relation to others; teachers have this type of education a more practical option for students coming to the conclusion that the courses undergo a fragile process, stating that the formation lies only in the student's interest in obtaining the higher diploma course without concern for quality this academic background, demand for courses is by being fast graduation. Even as a result of the design and development of Political and Pedagogical projects it was found that they are built in the most collegial many of them without the participation of a pedagogue; about the permanence of the student identified a high dropout rate, occurring in some campuses to migration to the traditional higher education, a BA in tourism. Thus, this work aimed to contextualize the technological higher education in tourism, presenting the reality of the current situation, aiming to discuss the phenomenon from the description made by all subjects and the research object, knowledge of which is due to experience the federal education network that was able to bring the essence of the matter.

Transição demográfica e a questão educacional: uma abordagem para o ensino médio do Rio Grande do Norte

Due to demographic transition process, the educational public sector politics formers encounter a highly specific demographic situation because, nowadays, despite the demographic transition, population is still growing because of the demographic inertia; however, due to steady decline in fertility, young population tends to decrease in next years. In this way, aiming to make high school widely accessible in the country, the issue of education quality is highlighted as well the importance of the physical structure of schools and their teaching equipments to confirm a favorable or not environment for developing educational processes. In this way, this work aims to relate the enrollment of students as school types with the demand of young people who will be able to attend high school on the Rio Grande do Norte state by the year of 2020, emphasizing teaching unities structural aspects, from a school profiling to the design of three prospective alternatives. So, from INEP's Scholar Census data and IBGE population's projections, this work is composed by four stages: i) literature review about research related subjects; ii) database design and build; iii) school profiling; and, iv) prospective alternatives creation. As results, three alternatives relate potential demand and enrollment using the built profiles and they are: i) “Alternative A” attends PEE's requirements related to demands but do not provide improvements in the school structural aspects; ii) “Alternative B” points into an increase of enrollment offering to the detriment of school's structural conditions which are offered to these students; iii) “Alternative C” propitiates a quantitative enrollment increasing combined with improvements on school's physical structure. These alternatives help to support decision making related to goals and realization of universal access with physical conditions which are necessary to a favorable environment to educational activity development.

The Influence of the Guatemalan Municipal Orchestra's Curriculum on the Social Relations of its Members

The purpose of this case study is to determine the influence of the curriculum used by the Guatemalan Municipal Orchestra (GMO) upon the social interactions of its members. Social interactions include relations with families, teachers, and music colleagues. To determine this influence, the researcher framed the study using three main components: the impact of music in the development of children’s social skills; the curricula forming educational processes; and the characteristics of the Venezuela musical program, El Sistema. These foundations are explored via the tenets of participatory literacy. The data collection included interviews, surveys, and observation of students, parents, teachers, and administrative personnel. Two primary themes emerged from the data analysis: the development of a sense of community and the presence of intrinsic and external motivators implicit in the GMO environment. The final analysis suggests that curricular practices in the GMO positively influenced the development of students’ social interactions.

Colmeias: uma estratégia didático-pedagógica para potencializar a aprendizagem significativa através da colaboração nas redes sociais em contextos móveis

O presente trabalho procura atender as necessidades dos processos educativos da atualidade, reconhecendo que esses ocorrem numa sociedade denominada como a Sociedade da Informação (SI), num ambiente em que os aprendizes são nativos digitais. Na SI presencia-se um momento marcado por um modelo computacional móvel, no qual também é possível constatar-se a emergência de um novo paradigma educacional - a aprendizagem com mobilidade - que possibilita a integração das tecnologias móveis com os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. Além disso, observa-se a ascensão do emprego das redes sociais na Internet (RSI) no dia a dia dos indivíduos impactando as práticas estabelecidas na SI. Nesse cenário, visando integrar a aprendizagem móvel com os recursos das RSI para promover-se uma educação mais sintonizada com o perfil atual dos estudantes, expõe-se nessa tese uma nova proposta metodológica - a Colmeias almejando dessa maneira facilitar uma aprendizagem significativa a partir de um processo colaborativo, em rede e em contextos de mobilidade. Com embasamento teórico em diversos autores, entre os quais se destacam Vygostky, Bruner e Ausubel, apoiados por Júlio Cesar Santos e Pierry Dillenbourg, salienta-se que a estratégia Colmeias representa um caminho alternativo para aqueles professores que desejam promover uma educação mais coerente com a atualidade. Nessa pesquisa ainda se apresenta a sua aplicação por meio de um estudo de caso na Matemática procurando, assim, aproximar a teoria com a prática.

A systematic literature review of the current trends and challenges of internationalization of higher education in Latin America

This paper aims to consolidate a sample of existing academic literature on the modes, trends, risks and challenges of the internationalization of higher education in Latin America published over the last 15 years -- Following a systematic literature review methodology, it was seeking to analyze and synthesize a sample of 25 published academic articles on the specifically chosen topic -- As a consequence of this review, it was found that progress has been made on the subject and there is an awareness of the impact it has on quality, international indicators still lag far behind those of more developed regions -- The creation and implementation of accreditation and evaluations processes, the commodification of higher education and the presence of new providers and regionalization efforts were perceived as trending topics in the publications -- Risks and challenges such as lack of governmental support and brain drain, are respectively perceived by researchers as the most concerning -- Finally, an emphasis is made on the comprehensiveness that must characterize this process in order to be successful, meaning that it should “embrace all the educational processes” (Gacel-Ávila, 2007, 406)

A entrada antecipada de crianças com menos d e 6 anos no ensino fundamental: Implicações para a constituição da infância

A alteração na definição da idade de ingresso no ensino fundamental de 7 para 6 anos pela Lei nº 11.114 de 2006 no Brasil tem suscitado debates nos campos da educação e do sistema de justiça sobre a data limite de ingresso. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o cenário da implantação do corte etário para o ingresso no ensino fundamental, bem como problematizar a entrada precoce da criança nesta etapa da educação básica, buscando analisar as implicaçõesdo ingresso das crianças pequenas no ensino fundamental na limitação do seu direito educacional e para a constituição da infância. O acesso a cada uma das etapas da educação básica pressupõe uma faixa etária adequada e seu ingresso deve ocorrer tendo com referência a idade estabelecida e não laudos psicológicos e/ou pedagógicos que atestem a capacidade de cada criança, o que revela certa concepção de criança, infância e processos educativos.

ACREDITACIÓN DE LA BIBLIOTECOLOGÍA Y DOCUMENTACIÓN EN COSTA RICA ESCUELA DE BIBLIOTECOLOGÍA, DOCUMENTACIÓN E INFORMACIÓN, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

Esta investigación pretende aportar una idea de la dimensión y de la estructura formal de la carrera, desde una mirada intrínseca y extrínseca que facilita la identificación de los obstáculos, la planeación y la propuesta de alternativas de mejoramiento basadas en resultados científicos.Este informe presenta la metodología utilizada en los procesos de autoevaluación y acreditación para conocer la perspectiva de los informantes acerca de las actividades académicas, los resultados del análisis de la sistematización de la información recopilada, la experiencia obtenida a lo largo de los cuatro años acreditados en la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información y las lecciones aprendidas en el proceso; considerando como base las directrices del ente acreditador, el Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior (SINAES).Este ejercicio puede utilizarse como un manual de prácticas para garantizar procesos educativos de calidad, como metodología para dar seguimiento a las actividades que deben realizarse en los procesos de acreditación de carreras universitarias y como insumo para definir aspectos de la evaluación del currículum.

O colégio Pedro II e os livros didáticos

O presente trabalho investiga a análise dos critérios de seleção e escolha do livro didático de História pelos professores da rede pública de educação do Colégio Pedro II da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período entre 2010-2012, período dos processos de escolha do livro didático, promovidos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD e o Programa Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio. Através da análise dos critérios de seleção do livro didático de história, dos professores da rede pública de educação do Colégio Pedro II da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, propomos compreender os processos educativos formais e não formais que envolvem o fazer docente, nesse caso a própria elaboração do currículo, e as influências do livro didático diretamente nos contextos educacionais, com base nas pesquisas que visam habilitar o historiador-docente a ter capacidade de auxiliar o ensino dos discentes de forma a contribuir significativamente para um ensino pautado em métodos e pesquisas que possibilitem o próprio historiador-docente a desenvolver seu trabalho não somente através de pesquisas, mas também práticas, alcançando a práxis de um currículo pautado em pesquisas historiográficas.

Relatório de Estágio da Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada

No âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada, parte integrante do plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar, foi solicitada a elaboração do Relatório de Estágio que evidenciasse a prática e a aprendizagem profissional desenvolvida nos contextos de Creche e de Educação Pré-Escolar. Neste sentido, a mestranda expõe o seu percurso nas duas valências, tendo este permitido o conhecimento e posterior desenvolvimento de saberes e competências em prol da construção e edificação de um perfil na profissão docente, suportado por um quadro teórico e concetual. A prática pedagógica da mestranda desenvolveu-se mediante uma aproximação à metodologia de investigação-ação, assente sobre quatro etapas fundamentais: observação, planificação, ação e reflexão/avaliação. Esta metodologia, suporte basilar da sua prática, possibilita a articulação entre saberes e atitudes, culminando numa co construção de saberes entre os diversos atores envolvidos na prática pedagógica. Os contextos e processos de estágio revelaram-se cruciais nos processos educativos de qualidade na educação de infância, no que concerne ao desenvolvimento de competências para a educação, constituindo estes, bases importantes na formação docente. Por fim, a mestranda está consciente que para responder aos desafios advindos da sociedade atual, deve procurar a formação constante, atualizando e desenvolvendo novas aprendizagens, quer a nível pessoal, quer a nível profissional.

Tornar-se doutor: a relação de orientação e o desenvolvimento do/a doutorando/a

Apesar do estudo dos processos educativos no ensino superior ser um tópico bastante explorado pela Psicologia, o estudo do processo de doutoramento parece ter sido relegado para segundo plano ao longo dos anos. O presente estudo procurou analisar a perceção de desenvolvimento de estudantes de doutoramento (em termos de ganhos e perdas) e a relação de orientação (em termos de tipo de relação e qualidade percebida da relação), bem como o impacto dessa relação na perceção de desenvolvimento pessoal. Participaram neste estudo 308 estudantes de doutoramento de três universidades portuguesas. Os principais resultados obtidos parecem indicar que os doutorandos tendem a perceber a qualidade da relação de forma positiva, que estes percebem os orientadores como cooperantes, próximos e respeitadores da autonomia do estudante, e que estes tendem a perceber principalmente ganhos desenvolvimentais. De uma forma geral observou-se também que algumas dimensões do tipo de relação e da qualidade da relação parecem ter uma influência significativa na perceção de ganhos e perdas; On becoming a PhD: The relation of supervision and the development of the doctorate Abstract: Despite the study of educational processes in higher education is a topic extensively explored by Psychology, the study of the doctoral process seems to have been relegated to the background over the years. This study aimed to analyze the perception of development of PhD students (in terms of gains and losses) and the supervision relationship (in terms of type of relationship and perceived quality of the relationship), and the impact of this relationship on the perception of personal development. The sample consisted of 308 doctoral students from three portuguese universities. The main results seem to indicate that doctoral students tend to perceive the quality of the relationship as positive, that they perceive supervisors as cooperant, close and respectful for students’ autonomy, and that they tend to perceive mainly developmental gains. In general, it is also noted that some dimensions of the type of relationship and the relationship would appear to have a significant influence on the perception of gains and losses.

Una reflexión necesaria: posibilidad de la construcción de un modelo pedagógico en la educación superior

The current article presents a series of considerations regarding the significance of establishing a pedagogic model in University level education, as well as its main characteristics, this with the purpose of guiding educational processes towards new and critical perspectives. The article is based on the results of an investigation performed by a team of professionals at the Universidad Nacional.

Conciliación entre el Universo, el ser humano y la educación universitaria

This reflection emerges from the experience I have lived as a student and as an academic university professor with the hope that superior education can have the opportunity and potential to renew and vitalize the formal educational processes, from the point of view the paradigm of complexity wich assumes the close relation between the human being and the Universe.