La ética religiosa del catolicismo utilizada como elemento de cohesión social en el proceso de consolidación política de la República de la Nueva Granada

Los tradicionales partidos políticos colombianos —Liberal y Conservador— en sus orígenes debatieron por el rol que debía desempeñar la Iglesia Católica en el Estado, las posturas implicaban optar por un poder civil independiente o sujeto al poder religioso, éste debate sirvió para que las comunidades políticas justificaran confrontaciones civiles y reformas constitucionales. Sin embargo, adviértase que estas diferencias conceptuales entre las comunidades políticas permitieron integrar a sectores de la población en torno a los partidos políticos.

El rol del juez administrativo colombiano:¿un actor influyente en las transformaciones del derecho administrativo y en el fortalecimiento del estado social y constitucional de derecho?

El propósito de esta investigación es describir desde lo teórico, cómo se han incorporado los modelos de Estado en el derecho administrativo colombiano con el fin de encontrar los referentes ideológicos que tiene a su disposición el juez administrativo para la resolución de conflictos. Este estudio es parte de una investigación que tiene por objeto aportar al estudio del derecho administrativo desde la perspectiva del papel del juez administrativo como defensor o crítico de determinado modelo de Estado. La inquietud que permea este estudio se presenta bajo la frase de Otto Mayer “el derecho constitucional pasa, el derecho administrativo permanece” que llevándola a la actualidad, lleva a cuestionarse sobre el razonamiento del juez administrativo en tiempos del Estado Social y Constitucional de Derecho.

Self-organized sociopolitical interactions as the best way to achieve organized patterns in human social systems: going beyond the top-down control of classical political regimes

La monografía presenta la auto-organización sociopolítica como la mejor manera de lograr patrones organizados en los sistemas sociales humanos, dada su naturaleza compleja y la imposibilidad de las tareas computacionales de los regímenes políticos clásico, debido a que operan con control jerárquico, el cual ha demostrado no ser óptimo en la producción de orden en los sistemas sociales humanos. En la monografía se extrapola la teoría de la auto-organización en los sistemas biológicos a las dinámicas sociopolíticas humanas, buscando maneras óptimas de organizarlas, y se afirma que redes complejas anárquicas son la estructura emergente de la auto-organización sociopolítica.

La influencia de León Duguit en la reforma social de 1936 en Colombia: El sistema jurídico, la función social de la propiedad y la teoría de los servicios públicos

El documento muestra la sólida influencia de la corriente doctrinal del profesor francés León Duguit (1859 – 1928), en la reforma constitucional colombiana de 1936, desde tres perspectivas: El sistema jurídico, la función social de la propiedad y los servicios públicos. Para el primer tercio del siglo XX, en Colombia, al igual que sucedía en Norteamérica y los países europeos que encauzaban nuestra tradición jurídica, las tesis individualistas sobre el modelo de Estado y el derecho, habían envejecido, y se planteaban nuevas interpretaciones del sistema jurídico imperante y del papel del Estado en la sociedad, en Colombia, el francés, León Duguit secundaría de manera decisiva, aunque no exclusiva, tal proceso.

Las facultades discrecionales en el estado social de derecho colombiano: una aproximación a la discrecionalidad técnica desde la doctrina y la jurisprudencia

En el presente trabajo de grado, se realiza un acopio, valoración y respectivo análisis de la jurisprudencia nacional, la doctrina especializada y la legislación vigente en Colombia en materia de Facultades Administrativas Discrecionales, con el propósito de determinar, si en nuestro ordenamiento existe diferencia de fondo en el tratamiento de la Discrecionalidad Técnica entre la jurisprudencia contencioso administrativa y la constitucional. Así mismo, se resalta que en un Estado Social de Derecho como el nuestro, es necesario que el quehacer administrativo se aproxime cada vez más a los ideales constitucionales de transparencia y justicia social, de forma tal que las decisiones que se adopten, estén siempre sujetas a los principios de legalidad y debido proceso, y en todo caso, propendan por la salvaguarda del bien común y el interés general.

The liberal state and education in Portugal : social integration, freedom of teaching and secularization (1840-1880)

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Exploring the construction of social class in educational discourse: the rational order of the nation state versus global uncertainties

This article aims to create intellectual space in which issues of social inequality and education can be analyzed and discussed in relation to the multifaceted and multi-levelled complexities of the modern world. It is divided into three sections. Section One locates the concept of social class in the context of the modern nation state during the period after the Second World War. Focusing particularly on the impact of 'Fordism' on social organization and cultural relations, it revisits the articulation of social justice issues in the United Kingdom, and the structures put into place at the time to alleviate educational and social inequalities. Section Two problematizes the traditional concept of social class in relation to economic, technological and sociocultural changes that have taken place around the world since the mid-1980s. In particular, it charts some of the changes to the international labour market and global patterns of consumption, and their collective impact on the re-constitution of class boundaries in 'developed countries'. This is juxtaposed with some of the major social effects of neo-classical economic policies in recent years on the sociocultural base in developing countries. It discusses some of the ways these inequalities are reflected in education. Section Three explores tensions between the educational ideals of the 'knowledge economy' and the discursive range of social inequalities that are emerging within and beyond the nation state. Drawing on key motifs identified throughout, the article concludes with a reassessment of the concept of social class within the global cultural economy. This is discussed in relation to some of the major equity and human rights issues in education today.

Exploring the construction of social class in educational discourse: the rational order of the nation state vs. global uncertainties

This article aims to create intellectual space in which issues of social inequality and education can be analyzed and discussed in relation to the multifaceted and multi-levelled complexities of the modern world. It is divided into three sections. Section One locates the concept of social class in the context of the modern nation state during the period after the Second World War. Focusing particularly on the impact of ‘Fordism’ on social organization and cultural relations, it revisits the articulation of social justice issues in the United Kingdom, and the structures put into place at the time to alleviate educational and social inequalities. Section Two problematizes the traditional concept of social class in relation to economic, technological and sociocultural changes that have taken place around the world since the mid-1980s. In particular, it charts some of the changes to the international labour market and global patterns of consumption, and their collective impact on the re-constitution of class boundaries in ‘developed countries’. This is juxtaposed with some of the major social effects of neo-classical economic policies in recent years on the sociocultural base in developing countries. It discusses some of the ways these inequalities are reflected in education. Section Three explores tensions between the educational ideals of the ‘knowledge economy’ and the discursive range of social inequalities that are emerging within and beyond the nation state. Drawing on key motifs identified throughout, the article concludes with a reassessment of the concept of social class within the global cultural economy. This is discussed in relation to some of the major equity and human rights issues in education today.

State capitalism and social responsibility in China's banking industry

China’s financial system has experienced a series of major reforms in recent years. Efforts have been made towards introducing the shareholding system in state-owned commercial banks, restructuring of securities firms, re-organising equity of joint venture insurance companies, further improving the corporate governance structure, managing financial risks and ultimately establishing a system to protect investors (Xinhua, 2010). Financial product innovation, with the further opening up of financial markets and the development of the insurance and bond market, has increased liquidity as well as reduced financial risks. The U.S. subprime crisis indicated the benefit of financial innovations for the economy, but without proper control, they may lead to unexpected consequences. Kirkpatrick (2009) argues that failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements and insufficient accounting standards and regulatory requirements attributed to the financial crisis. Similar to the financial crises of the last decade, the global financial crisis which sparked in 2008, surfaced a variety of significant corporate governance failures: the dysfunction of market mechanisms, the lack of transparency and accountability, misaligned compensation arrangements and the late response of government, all which encouraged management short-termism, poor risk management, as well as some fraudulent schemes. The unique characteristics of the Chinese banking system are an interesting point for studying post-crisis corporate governance reform. Considering that China modelled its governance system on the Anglo-American system, this paper examines the impact of the financial crisis on corporate governance reform in developed economies, and particularly, China’s reform of its financial sector. The paper further analyses the Chinese government’s role in bank supervision and risk management. In this regard, the paper contributes to the corporate governance literature within the Chinese context by providing insights into the contributing factors to the corporate governance failure that led to the global financial crisis. It also provides policy recommendations for China’s policy makers to seriously consider. The results suggest a need for the re-examination of corporate governance adequacy and the institutionalisation of business ethics. The paper’s next section provides a review of China’s financial system with reference to the financial crisis, followed by a critical evaluation of a capitalistic system and a review of Anglo-American and Continental European models. It then analyses the need for a new corporate governance model in China by considering the bank failures in developed economies and the potential risks and inefficiencies in a current State controlled system. The paper closes by reflecting the need for Chinese policy makers to continually develop, adapt and rewrite corporate governance practices capable of meeting the new challenge, and to pay attention to business ethics, an issue which goes beyond regulation.

Autonomic arousal in childhood anxiety disorders: associations with state anxiety and social anxiety disorder

Background Psychophysiological theories suggest that individuals with anxiety disorders may evidence inflexibility in their autonomic activity at rest and when responding to stressors. In addition, theories of social anxiety disorder, in particular, highlight the importance of physical symptoms. Research on autonomic activity in childhood (social) anxiety disorders, however, is scarce and has produced inconsistent findings, possibly because of methodological limitations. Method The present study aimed to account for limitations of previous studies and measured respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and heart rate (HR) using Actiheart heart rate monitors and software (Version 4) during rest and in response to a social and a non-social stressor in 60 anxious (30 socially anxious and 30 ‘other’ anxious), and 30 nonanxious sex-and age-matched 7–12 year olds. In addition, the effect of state anxiety during the tasks was explored. Results No group differences at rest or in response to stress were found. Importantly, however, with increases in state anxiety, all children, regardless of their anxiety diagnoses showed less autonomic responding (i.e., less change in HR and RSA from baseline in response to task) and took longer to recover once the stressor had passed. Limitations This study focused primarily on parasympathetic arousal and lacked measures of sympathetic arousal. Conclusion The findings suggest that childhood anxiety disorders may not be characterized by inflexible autonomic responding, and that previous findings to the contrary may have been the result of differences in subjective anxiety between anxious and nonanxious groups during the tasks, rather than a function of chronic autonomic dysregulation.

A democratização da jurisdição constitucional: instrumentos de participação social

Este trabalho se propõe a estudar a jurisdição constitucional sob a perspectiva pós-positivista com destaque para o controle de constitucionalidade concentrado. O pós-positivimo quebrou os paradigmas do direito constitucional clássico dando ao Poder Judiciário uma grande ascensão política realçando a dificuldade contramajoritária do controle de constitucionalidade concentrado. Ademais, as diversas manifestações da jurisdição constitucional que alijam o cidadão comum da Corte fazem do Supremo Tribunal Federal um tribunal isolado. As novas facetas do Poder Judiciário, especialmente do STF, têm gerado um déficit democrático na jurisdição constitucional. Este déficit democrático gera desequilíbrio entre as duas dimensões do Estado Democrático de Direito, onde a democracia se encontra em desvantagem em relação ao ideal constitucionalista. Na tentativa de diminuir o déficit democrático da jurisdição constitucional este trabalho se assenta sobre a importância de se reforçarem os instrumentos de participação social no controle de constitucionalidade concentrado: amicus curiae, audiências públicas e visitas in loco. Além de reequilibrar o Estado de Direito, o reforço desses instrumentos traz a racionalização das decisões em sede de controle concentrado, uma vez que promove uma troca de experiência entre o julgador e a realidade possibilitando a ele proferir decisões mais eficientes.

The impact on the stationary state income of a pay-as-you-go system of social security

A model of overlapping generations in continuous time is composed. IndividuaIs pass through two distinct time periods during their life times. During the first period, they work, save and have a death probability equal to zero. During the second, from the periods T after birth, their probability of death changes to p and then they retire. Capital stock and the stationary state in come are calculated for two situations: in the first, people live from their accumulated capital after retirementj in the second, they live from a state transfer payment through income taxo To simplify matters, in this preliminary version, it is supposed that there is no population growth and that the instantaneous elasticity substitution of consumption is unitary.