Alvará, porque V. Magestade ha por bem declarar o Regimento da Alfandega do Tabaco de 16 de janeiro de mil setecentos sincoenta e hum, e Ley de 29 de novembro de mil setecentos sincoenta e tres, ordenando a preferencia, que devem ter os navios fabricados nos portos do Brasil, assim os dos proprietários, que forem moradores nos mesmos portos, como os dos proprietarios de fora, tudo na forma, que assima se declara :para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Sebastião Joseph de Carvalho e Mello.

Alvará em forma de Ley, pelo qual V. Magestade he servido declarar as assignaturas, e emolumentos, que devem haver os Ouvidores, Juizes, e seus Officiaes das Comarcas das Minas Geraes, Cuyabá, Mato Grosso, S. Paulo, e Goyaz, e nas que ficão no Continente do Governo da Bahia, e todas as mais, que se descobrirem nos mesmos, ou diversos Governos ; e tudo na forma, que acima se declara : para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real.

Alvará com força de Ley, porque V. Magestade he servido ordenar, que todo Official, que constar haver constrangido, ou sugerido as pessoas, que se apresentarem nas Casas de Fundição com ouro, para nellas se fundir, que o manifestem em nome diverso, do ue ellas voluntariamente quizerem declarar, perca o valor do officio, que servir, e fique desde logo suspenso, sendo executores da suspensão os Governadores das respectivas Capitanias, na fôrma que acima se declara : para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Thomé Joaquim da Costa Corte-Real.

Alvará com força de Ley, por que Vossa Magestade ha por bem declarar o paragrafo primeiro do capitulo sexto da Ley de tres de dezembro de mil setecentos e sincoenta, que abomina a capitação das Minas Geraes, excitando, e restabelecendo no lugar della o Direito Senhorial dos Quintos, na forma assima declarada : para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Thomé Joaquim da Costa Corte Real.

Alvará com força de Ley, por que Vossa Magestade ha por bem renovar a inteira, e inviolavel observancia da Ley de doze de setembro de mil seiscentos cincoenta e tres, em quanto nella se estabeleceo, que os indios do Graõ Pará, e Maranhaõ sejão governados no temporal pelos Governadores, Ministros, e pelos seus principaes, e justiças seculares, com inhibição das administrações dos regulares, derogando todas as Leys, Regimentos, Ordens, e Disposições contrarias : para V. Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello.

Towards a standard methodology to evaluate internal cluster validity indices

The evaluation and comparison of internal cluster validity indices is a critical problem in the clustering area. The methodology used in most of the evaluations assumes that the clustering algorithms work correctly. We propose an alternative methodology that does not make this often false assumption. We compared 7 internal cluster validity indices with both methodologies and concluded that the results obtained with the proposed methodology are more representative of the actual capabilities of the compared indices.

Entre Luzes e Sombras: O Regalismo Ilustrado e a Inquisição de Goa

Esse estudo dedica-se a investigar o embate entre o Santo Ofício de Goa e Coroa portuguesa pela hegemonia do comando desse tribunal durante governação de D. José I e seu Premier Sebastião de Carvalho e Mello - O Marquês de Pombal - na segunda metade do século XVIII que culminou, entre várias outras consequências, na contribuição direta para o fechamento prematuro desse tribunal, em 1774, ou seja, 47 anos mais cedo que todos os outros do reino. Por fim, esse trabalho dedicou-se a descortinar essa relação entre o governo, altamente inclinado ao absolutismo, que Sebastião de Carvalho e Mello, o Marquês de Pombal, capitaneara e a Inquisição de Goa, historicamente tratada como o tribunal mais autônome e insubordinado da Inquisição portuguesa. Foram muitas as ações de Pombal sobre o Santo Ofício com o intuito de submete-lo à autoridade real : sua transformação em tribunal régio, sua utilização para punir crimes poliíticos, a substituição de seus inquisidores à revelia da vontade da Igreja, etc.

Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI: diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its prevalence is increasing in developed countries in association with obesity, and it represents a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NAFLD is usually asymptomatic at diagnosis, new non-invasive approaches are needed to determine the hepatic lipid content in terms of diagnosis, treatment and control of disease progression. Here, we investigated the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitate and monitor the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans. Methods: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted among 129 consecutive adult patients (97 obesity and 32 non-obese) to compare multi-echo MRI fat fraction, grade of steatosis estimated by histopathology, and biochemical measurement of hepatic triglyceride concentration (that is, Folch value). Results: MRI fat fraction positively correlates with the grade of steatosis estimated on a 0 to 3 scale by histopathology. However, this correlation value was stronger when MRI fat fraction was linked to the Folch value, resulting in a novel equation to predict the hepatic triglyceride concentration (mg of triglycerides/g of liver tissue = 5.082 + (432.104 * multi-echo MRI fat fraction)). Validation of this formula in 31 additional patients (24 obese and 7 controls) resulted in robust correlation between the measured and estimated Folch values. Multivariate analysis showed that none of the variables investigated improves the Folch prediction capacity of the equation. Obese patients show increased steatosis compared to controls using MRI fat fraction and Folch value. Bariatric surgery improved MRI fat fraction values and the Folch value estimated in obese patients one year after surgery. Conclusions: Multi-echo MRI is an accurate approach to determine the hepatic lipid concentration by using our novel equation, representing an economic non-invasive method to diagnose and monitor steatosis in humans.

Alveolar nitric oxide and its role in pediatric asthma control assessment

Resumen Background: Nitric oxide can be measured at multiple flow rates to determine proximal (maximum airway nitric oxide flux; Jaw(NO)) and distal inflammation (alveolar nitric oxide concentration; CA(NO)). The main aim was to study the association among symptoms, lung function, proximal (maximum airway nitric oxide flux) and distal (alveolar nitric oxide concentration) airway inflammation in asthmatic children treated and not treated with inhaled glucocorticoids. Methods: A cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out in a consecutive sample of girls and boys aged between 6 and 16 years with a medical diagnosis of asthma. Maximum airway nitric oxide flux and alveolar nitric oxide concentration were calculated according to the two-compartment model. In asthmatic patients, the asthma control questionnaire (CAN) was completed and forced spirometry was performed. In controls, differences between the sexes in alveolar nitric oxide concentration and maximum airway nitric oxide flux and their correlation with height were studied. The correlation among the fraction of exhaled NO at 50 ml/s (FENO50), CA(NO), Jaw(NO), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the CAN questionnaire was measured and the degree of agreement regarding asthma control assessment was studied using Cohen's kappa. Results: We studied 162 children; 49 healthy (group 1), 23 asthmatic participants without treatment (group 2) and 80 asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (group 3). CA(NO) (ppb) was 2.2 (0.1-4.5), 3 (0.2-9.2) and 2.45 (0.1-24), respectively. Jaw(NO) (pl/s) was 516 (98.3-1470), 2356.67 (120-6110) and 1426 (156-11805), respectively. There was a strong association (r = 0.97) between FENO50 and Jaw(NO) and the degree of agreement was very good in group 2 and was good in group 3. There was no agreement or only slight agreement between the measures used to monitor asthma control (FEV1, CAN questionnaire, CA(NO) and Jaw(NO)). Conclusions: The results for CA(NO) and Jaw(NO) in controls were similar to those found in other reports. There was no agreement or only slight agreement among the three measure instruments analyzed to assess asthma control. In our sample, no additional information was provided by CA(NO) and Jaw(NO).

The photography and the motion landscape in the urban expressway

A new kind of photographic representation, called movement-image is proposed and discussed to record the visual experience of the journey through urban highways. It consists of performing long exposure photographic shots while the track is traversed, thus registering a time-panorama which includes landscape signs and inner spaces of the ways involved. This proposal is linked to the limitations of representing these expressways, if they are understood as structures of instrumental origin, where the resulting experience comes from moving at high speed through the territory. In al almost all cases the aesthetic approach or urban integration with the city and landscape are excluded. In this sense, although such structures may be an opportunity to collect, build and colonize the urban landscape, the lack of adequate representation of the phenomenon causes a difficulty in its understanding and transformation. The options for representation using photography is assumed, knowing its own particular tradition in the use of long exposures, for the expression of the mobile, and the multiple visual attention, divided or weakened.

A institucionalização do ensino da náutica em Portugal (1779-1807)

Tese de doutoramento, História (História dos Descobrimentos e da Expansão), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

Historia de Napoleón

UANL

Napoleón y su tiempo

UANL

Historia de Napoleón y del egercito grande durante el año 1812

UANL

Napoleon et la grande-armee en Russie ou : examen critique de l'ouvrage

UANL