Espirometria Pré-Escolar: Estudo de uma População - Que Implicações?

A espirometria é uma ferramenta major para o estudo de doentes com várias patologias, nomeadamente respiratórias, comumente usada em adultos e em crianças mais velhas. A idade pré-escolar tem sido a "idade das trevas" para a função pulmonar até aos últimos anos, pela necessiadade de cooperação e impraticabilidade de sedação. Objectivo: Determinar o número de crianças em que se torna possível efectuar espirometrias em idade pré-escolar, em função da sua idade, cumprindo critérios de aceitabilidade e exequibilidade das curvas débito-volume. Metodologia: Entre os meses de Março e Junho de 2004 foram efectuadas espirometrias animadas com equipamento Jaeger, a um grupo de 53 crianças, admitidas na Consulta de Imunoalergologia do nosso hospital por quadro clínico de asma, tosse crónica ou queixas de esforço. Foram efectuadas a cada criança 15 manobras expiratórias, antes e após a administração de 400ug de salbutamol, em câmara expansora, sendo utilizados critérios de aceitabilidade e reprodutibilidade de espirometria, paar esta faixa etária, publicados recentemente por urora et al. Resultados: De universo alvo (n=53) foi possível obter curvas em critérios de aceitabilidade e reprodutibilidade em 44 crianças (85%), com uma média etária de 4,8 anos (2-6anos) e ratio M/F de 2,2/l. Obteve-se FEV, em 22 crianças (42%), FEV 0,75 em 32 (60%) e FEV 0,5 em 45 (85%). Analisando a globalidade da população em estudo, reporta-se um ganho de 45% usando FEV 0,75 em vez de FEV 1, bem como um ganho de 104% reportando FEV 0,5 em vez de FEV 1. Tempo médio de exame, incluindo prova de broncodilatação:1,30h (35min-2h), 22% (n=10) tinham padrão obstrutivo basal, dos quais 6 tiveram prova de broncodilatção positiva. Conclusões: As crianças com 2 e 3 anos conseguiram efectuar manobras de duração máxima de 0,5 e 0,75 segundos, respectivamente. O grau de sucesso para manobras de maior duração é proporcional à idade. No período inter-crise, 22% tinham padrão obstrutivo basal, alguns dos quais com reversibilidade. A espirometria em idade pré-escolar é uma excelente ferramenta que pode ser utilizada diariamente, possibilitando analisar um grande número de crianças, que seria impossível utilizando os critérios empregues no adulto.

GI Systems for public health with an ontology based approach

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Cancer Rehabilitation Indicators for Europe

Little is known of cancer rehabilitation needs in Europe. EUROCHIP-3 organised a group of experts to propose a list of population-based indicators used for describing cancer rehabilitation across Europe. The aim of this study is to present and discuss these indicators. A EUROCHIP-3 expert panel reached agreement on two types of indicators. (a) Cancer prevalence indicators. These were proposed as a means of characterising the burden of cancer rehabilitation needs by time from diagnosis and patient health status. These indicators can be estimated from cancer registry data or by collecting data on follow-up and treatments for samples of cases archived in cancer registries. (b) Indicators of rehabilitation success. These include: return to work, quality of life, and satisfaction of specific rehabilitation needs. Studies can be performed to estimate these indicators in individual countries, but to obtain comparable data across European countries it will be necessary to administer a questionnaire to randomly selected samples of patients from population-based cancer registry databases. However, three factors complicate questionnaire studies: patients may not be aware that they have cancer; incomplete participation in surveys could lead to bias; and national confidentiality laws in some cases prohibit cancer registries from approaching patients. Although these studies are expensive and difficult to perform, but as the number of cancer survivors increases, it is important to document their needs in order to provide information on cancer control.

Leishmania infantum AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by different species of theLeishmania genus. Leishmania(Leishmania) infantum, causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, has been described in patients living in areas where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. In this study, it was possible to characterize this species in seven slides from cutaneous tissue imprints from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Visões da Europa nas memórias de um fidalgo de Chaves (1510-1517). Sociedade, quotidiano e poder num manuscrito inédito do século XVI

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História (Especialidade: História Moderna)

Marketing plan for Comet Consular Services

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Convento de Santana de Leiria: história, vivências e cultura material

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arqueologia

Estudo epidemiológico sobre Leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) no município de Corguinho, Mato Grosso do Sul: estudos na população humana

Com o objetivo de se conhecer a prevalência da infecção por leishmaniose tegumentar americana, e caracterização da população atingida, em área de transmissão recente, na localidade de Boa Sorte, município de Corguinho, MS, procedeu-se ao estudo, no período de março/91 a março/94, tia população residente, compreendendo 150 habitantes. Destes, 12 apresentavam lesões suspeitas de leishmaniose tegumentar. Em 8 deles foi possível a confirmação por meio de exames parasitológicos. Apenas um paciente apresentou a forma mucosa, os demais manifestaram as formas cutâneas, sendo: ulcerada (3), úlcero-verrucosa (1), úlcero- vegetante (1), placa-infiltrada (1) e lesão nodular com exuberante adenopatia regional (1). Os pacientes responderam bem ao tratamento com antimoniato de N-metil- glucamina (glucantime), 10 a 20mg Sbv/kg/dia durante 20 dias, com cicatrização das lesões e raros efeitos colaterais. O parasito isolado de todos os pacientes foi identificado como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, através de anticorpos monoclonais. O teste de Montenegro aplicado em 150 moradores revelou 32 reagentes. Destes, 6 eram portadores da doença, 21 mostraram seqüelas sugestivas da parasitose e 5 não apresentaram sitiais da infecção. A faixa etária atingida pela parasitose compreendia de 22 a 78 anos com predomínio de homens (75%). A transmissão até o momento revelou-se de caráter extradomiciliar.

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis and treatment adherence among patients with chronic kidney disease in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Introduction The primary strategy for tuberculosis control involves identifying individuals with latent tuberculosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were undergoing hemodialysis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients with latent tuberculosis, to verify the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the occurrence of latent tuberculosis, and to monitor patient adherence to latent tuberculosis treatment. Methods This epidemiological study involved 418 CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and who underwent a tuberculin skin test. Results The prevalence of latent tuberculosis was 10.3%. The mean patient age was 53.43±14.97 years, and the patients were predominantly men (63.9%). The population was primarily Caucasian (58.6%); half (50%) were married, and 49.8% had incomplete primary educations. Previous contact with tuberculosis patients was reported by 80% of the participants. Treatment adherence was 97.7%. Conclusions We conclude that the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in our study population was low. Previous contact with patients with active tuberculosis increased the occurrence of latent infection. Although treatment adherence was high in this study, it is crucial to monitor tuberculosis treatment administered to patients in health services to maintain this high rate.

Optimisation and design of post-tensioning anchorage corner blisters in concrete box girder bidges

The design of anchorage blisters of internal continuity post-tensioning tendons of bridges built by the cantilever method, presents some peculiarities, not only because they are intermediate anchorages but also because these anchorages are located in blisters, so the prestressing force has to be transferred from the blister the bottom slab and web of the girder. The high density of steel reinforcement in anchorage blisters is the most common reason for problems with concrete cast in situ, resulting in zones with low concrete compacity, leading to concrete crushing failures under the anchor plates. A solution may involve improving the concrete compression and tensile strength. To meet these requirements a high-performance fibre reinforced self-compacting mix- ture (HPFRC) was used in anchorage corner blisters of post-tensioning tendons, reducing the concrete cross-section and decreasing the reinforcement needed. To assess the ultimate capacity and the adequate serviceability of the local anchorage zone after reducing the minimum concrete cross-section and the confining reinforcement, specified by the anchorage device supplier for the particular tendon, load transfer tests were performed. To investigate the behaviour of anchorage blisters regarding the transmission of stresses to the web and the bottom slab of the girder, and the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, two half scale models of the inferior corner of a box girder existing bridge were studied: a reference specimen of ordinary reinforced concrete and a HPFRC blister specimen. The design of the reinforcement was based in the tensile forces obtained on strut-and-tie models. An experimental program was carried out to assess the models used in design and to study the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, either with casting in situ, or with precast solutions. A non-linear finite element analysis of the tested specimens was also performed and the results compared.

THE VEGETATION OF A SEASONAL VÁRZEA FOREST IN THE LOWER SOLIMÕES RIVER, BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

The species composition of the seasonal várzea forest growing on a bank of the Ilha de Marchantaria / lower Solimões-Amazonas River, Brazil was studied in an area of slightly less than one hectare. Two biomass plots were harvested. Forty-seven arboreal species representing 46 genera in 25 families were recorded. Tree density was 1086 per hectare. Total basal area was 45 m2 ha1. Mean species density was 6.5 ± 1.98 per 100 m2. The most abundant species were Crataeva benthamii(Capparidaceae), Laetia corymbutosa(Flacourtiaceae) and Vitex cymosa(Verbenaceae). The highest basal area per species was 10.2 m2 for Pseudobombax munguba(Bombacaceae). The common species are known to be typical floristic elements of the seasonal varzea forest. Above ground dry biomass was equal to 97 and 255 t ha', respectively. Its chemical composition is characterized by comparatively high bioelement contents equal to 2.4 percent on the average. Calcium was the most important bioelement. Structure of the forest and age darings of trees allow the successional classification of the stands.

Tree communities of white-sand and terra-firme forests of the upper Rio Negro

The high tree diversity and vast extent of Amazonian forests challenge our understanding of how tree species abundance and composition varies across this region. Information about these parameters, usually obtained from tree inventories plots, is essential for revealing patterns of tree diversity. Numerous tree inventories plots have been established in Amazonia, yet, tree species composition and diversity of white-sand and terra-firme forests of the upper Rio Negro still remain poorly understood. Here, we present data from eight new one-hectare tree inventories plots established in the upper Rio Negro; four of which were located in white-sand forests and four in terra-firme forests. Overall, we registered 4703 trees > 10 cm of diameter at breast height. These trees belong to 49 families, 215 genera, and 603 species. We found that tree communities of terra-firme and white-sand forests in the upper Rio Negro significantly differ from each other in their species composition. Tree communities of white-sand forests show a higher floristic similarity and lower diversity than those of terra-firme forests. We argue that mechanisms driving differences between tree communities of white-sand and terra-firme forests are related to habitat size, which ultimately influences large-scale and long-term evolutionary processes.

Estratégia para a incorporação de impactes ambientais, sociais e económicos específicos num método de Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Edifícios de Saúde (HBSA)

The healthcare project design requires a several number of concerns with the satisfaction and well‐being of the working team, patient and administrators, has a strong social responsibility and impact on the city. Due to various design requirements, these buildings are not designed and used in a sustainable way, because there are still no effective methods to support designers in this context. Consequently, they do not know what the best criteria to be followed and their managers are not aware of the measuresthatshould be adopted for efficient use. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to present a proposal for a Healthcare Building Sustainability Assessment (HBSA) method adapted for the Portuguese context and considering the work developed so far in the standardization bodies (CEN and ISO). For this, the chosen methodology is analysed and compared the most relevant building sustainability assessment tools in the context of healthcare buildings.  

MET is required for the recruitment of anti-tumoural neutrophils

Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells, although its precise role in this compartment is not well characterized. Here we show that MET is required for neutrophil chemoattraction and cytotoxicity in response to its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Met deletion in mouse neutrophils enhances tumour growth and metastasis. This phenotype correlates with reduced neutrophil infiltration to both the primary tumour and metastatic sites. Similarly, Met is necessary for neutrophil transudation during colitis, skin rash or peritonitis. Mechanistically, Met is induced by tumour-derived tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a or other inflammatory stimuli in both mouse and human neutrophils. This induction is instrumental for neutrophil transmigration across an activated endothelium and for inducible nitric oxide synthase production upon HGF stimulation. Consequently, HGF/MET-dependent nitric oxide release by neutrophils promotes cancer cell killing, which abates tumour growth and metastasis. After systemic administration of a MET kinase inhibitor, we prove that the therapeutic benefit of MET targeting in cancer cells is partly countered by the pro-tumoural effect arising from MET blockade in neutrophils. Our work identifies an unprecedented role of MET in neutrophils, suggests a potential 'Achilles' heel' of MET-targeted therapies in cancer, and supports the rationale for evaluating anti-MET drugs in certain inflammatory diseases.

Evolução intra-hospitalar e seguimento pós-alta de pacientes idosos atendidos com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva na unidade de emergência

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a evolução intra-hospitalar (IH) e pós-alta (PA) de uma população predominantemente idosa, com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) na unidade de emergência (UE). MÉTODOS: Durante 11 meses, foram selecionados 57 pacientes consecutivos com ICC, atendidos em EU, com idade média de 69+15 (27 a 94) anos, sendo 39 (68,4%) homens. O diagnóstico de ICC baseou-se nos critérios de Boston. Avaliou-se a evolução IH e PA num período médio de 5,7+2,7 (1 a 12) meses, procurando-se identificar variáveis que se correlacionassem com a mortalidade e o mecanismo de morte, avaliado pelo sistema ACME . RESULTADOS: Oito (14%) pacientes faleceram na fase IH, sendo 7 por falência circulatória (FC), e 1 em pós-operatório (PO). Durante o seguimento ocorreram 9 (18,4%) óbitos, sendo 5 por FC, 2 mortes súbitas e 2 em PO (troca valvar mitral e ventriculectomia). A sobrevida dos pacientes que tiveram alta foi de 82% e 66%, aos 6 meses e 1 ano, respectivamente. Sódio sérico <135mEq/l (p= 0,004) e sexo feminino (p= 0,038) foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes idosos com ICC atendidos em UE apresentam mortalidade IH e PA elevadas e alta taxa de reinternação hospitalar. A maioria morre por falência circulatória decorrente da progressão da ICC.