Territorial and demographic aspects of the Networks of Protected Natural Areas of Castilla-La Mancha: 1978-2014

The Autonomous Region of Castilla-La Mancha develops from the approval of the Spanish Constitution a whole executive and legislative branch to implement its policies on environmental protection. The new legislation (Law 9/1999, of 26 May) has pursued the conservation and the integral protection of the natural elements of the territory demanding to new criteria as such the environmental quality of ecosystems or the exceptional landscape. The spread and the declaration of new natural spaces have caused a double geographical and territorial model. First, natural spaces located in rural mountainous areas with depopulation and aging problems. And second, natural spaces situated in areas densely populated

Diseño y proyección del espacio dramático en "Los amantes" de Andrés Rey de Artieda

En el presente trabajo se analiza la manera en la que el dramaturgo valenciano Andrés Rey de Artieda diseñó los diferentes espacios dramáticos por los que transcurre la acción de su única pieza teatral conocida: Los amantes. Compuesta poco después de 1577, se trata de una obra deudora de los parámetros dramatúrgicos de su tiempo, pues el componente literario del texto dramático predomina claramente sobre el espectacular. Estamos ante un tipo de teatro fundamentado en la palabra y muy poco en lo visual.Sin embargo, ya se perciben en el texto ciertos rasgos de innegable modernidad, que es el asunto que me ha interesado a la hora de acercarme a él. Mi objetivo será demostrar el dinamismo con el que se producen los cambios de espacio dramático a lo largo de la trama argumental para subrayar que Rey de Artieda tenía ya asumidas algunas de las innovaciones que desembocarán en el teatro nacional español unas décadas más tarde.

La biblioteca del predicador Pere Dorchal (1419)

A partir del inventario post mortem de los libros de Pere Dorchal, sacerdote beneficiado en la catedral de Valencia, datado en 1419, se estudia la composición de la biblioteca de un predicador. Al mismo tiempo, se recompone su biografía.

Modelos de modernización para el desarrollismo: el influjo de las propuestas estadounidenses en el Servicio de Extensión Agraria (1955-1975)

Con este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar las políticas agrarias del franquismo y particularmente la creación y actuación del Servicio de Extensión Agraria (1955) en el contexto de la difusión de la Teoría de la Modernización. Comenzaremos con una contextualización de las relaciones culturales entre España y los EE.UU. y su potencial proyección sobre el ámbito rural. A continuación, prestaremos atención a la impronta del modelo extensionista norteamericano en la organización y metodología del Servicio de Extensión Agraria. Sin perder de vista la importancia de la escala estatal para la implementación y adaptación de las distintas políticas agrarias, atenderemos al contexto político e ideológico internacional como elemento que permite ampliar la comprensión y estudio de dichas políticas. En ese sentido, propondremos finalmente una primera aproximación comparativa al estudio del SEA en relación con diferentes experiencias de extensionismo agrario en Latinoamérica.

The Devil and Views on the “Other” in Part One of Pedro Cieza de León’s "Crónica del Perú" (1553)

Many 16th century Spanish chroniclers and missionaries, arriving at what they interpreted as a New World, saw the Devil as a “hermeneutic wildcard” that allowed them to comprehend indigenous religions. Pedro Cieza de León, a soldier in the conquest of Peru, is a case in point. Cieza considers the Devil responsible for the most aberrant religious practices and customs of the Indians, although he views the natives in a positive light, as men susceptible to divine salvation. From a providentialist perspective of the history of the conquest, Cieza interprets that the evangelization and conversion of the Indians and the implantation of Christian civilization by the Spanish Crown, were able to defeat the Devil.

La fictohistoria o historiografía imaginaria en las literaturas románicas desde el siglo XIX: ensayo de tipología y panorama de un género formal insospechado (II)

El doble aspecto documental y artístico de la escritura de la historia ha quedado prácticamente oculto por la insistencia en el carácter científico de la disciplina y su expulsión subsiguiente del canon literario desde el siglo XIX. El cultivo de la historiografía ficticia o imaginaria (fictohistoria) surgió entonces como un modo de salvar la literariedad de la historia, en su calidad de género formal, mediante el uso del discurso historiográfico como procedimiento retórico para conseguir un efecto de historicidad en textos que son, no obstante, claramente ficticios, y que tienen a menudo un carácter satírico o admonitorio. Esto no está reñido con el hecho de que la mayoría manifieste en primer lugar una reflexión sobre el devenir de la humanidad, es decir, sobre la Historia. Los ejemplos de este género son relativamente abundantes y se pueden clasificar en varias categorías temáticas. Esta segunda parte del estudio se centra en la historia prospectiva.

Salvajes y chichimecas: mitos de alteridad en las fuentes novohispanas

Llamamos mitos de alteridad a las creencias y el imaginario tradicionales que un pueblo proyecta en su visión etnocéntrica sobre otros pueblos. Siguiendo la propuesta de Roger Bartra, examinamos una serie de crónicas novohispanas para demostrar que los mitos de alteridad de origen europeo referentes al salvaje influyeron en las descripciones que nos han legado sobre los pueblos indígenas mesoamericanos conocidos como chichimecas. Apuntamos finalmente algunas reflexiones sobre el uso y alcance de dichos mitos de alteridad en relación con la expansión europea por América, y sobre la necesidad metodológica de someter a crítica bajo este prisma la información que nos ofrecen las fuentes disponibles, producidas, después de todo, en pleno proceso de aculturación colonial.

Epigenetics and the overhealing wound: the role of DNA methylation in fibrosis

Fibrosis is a progressive and potentially fatal process that can occur in numerous organ systems. Characterised by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens and fibronectin, fibrosis affects normal tissue architecture and impedes organ function. Although a considerable amount of research has focused on the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, current therapeutic options do not directly target the pro-fibrotic process. As a result, there is a clear unmet clinical need to develop new agents. Novel findings implicate a role for epigenetic modifications contributing to the progression of fibrosis by alteration of gene expression profiles. This review will focus on DNA methylation; its association with fibroblast differentiation and activation and the consequent buildup of fibrotic scar tissue. The potential use of therapies that modulate this epigenetic pathway for the treatment of fibrosis in several organ systems is also discussed.

Epigenetics within the matrix:a neo-regulator of fibrotic disease

Fibrosis of any tissue is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation that ultimately destroys tissue architecture and eventually abolishes normal organ function. Although much research has focused on the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, there are still no effective antifibrotic therapies that can reverse, stop or delay the formation of scar tissue in most fibrotic organs. As fibrosis can be described as an aberrant wound healing response, a recent hypothesis suggests that the cells involved in this process gain an altered heritable phenotype that promotes excessive fibrotic tissue accumulation. This article will review the most recent observations in a newly emerging field that links epigenetic modifications to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Specifically, the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in fibrotic disease will be discussed.

Injuries observed in nesting females of loggerhead turtles on Boavista island (Cabo Verde Archipelago)

[EN] Different kinds of physical anomalies are frequently observed in any sea turtle breeding population. Nesting beaches are an excellent place to study the injuries and defects that occur in adult females. The archipelago of Cape Verde is situated about 500 km of Senegal, West Africa. Boavista is the eastern most island and may constitute the most important nesting area for the loggerhead turtle in the archipelago. The studies conducted from 1998 to 2004 indicate that Cape Verde might account for one of the most important loggerheads populations in the eastern Atlantic. The nesting females in Boavista were surveyed during the 2004 season, in order to (1) know the health status of the population (2) determine the effects of physical anomalies on nesting behaviour and (3) determine the possible origin of the injuries observed.

Satellite tracking of adult loggerheads (Caretta caretta L.) around waters of Cape Verde Archipielago (Western Africa)

[EN] During the 1999 nesting season (from June to October), four satellite transmitters were attached to two males and two females of Caretta caretta from Boavista Island (Cape Verde Archipelago, western Africa), where density of nesting females is the highest in the whole archipelago. Transmitters did not work as well as expected, resulting in a low number of locations, possibly due to the neritic behavior of adult loggerheads at reproductive habitat, with the antennae exposed to continuous rubbing. Therefore, we establish a conservative hypothesis about movements of C.caretta in Cape Verde.

Injuries observed in nesting females of loggerhead turtles on Boavista island (Cabo Verde Archipelago)

[EN] Different kinds of physical anomalies are frequently observed in any sea turtle breeding population. Nesting beaches are an excellent place to study the injuries and defects that occur in adult females. The archipelago of Cape Verde is situated about 500 km of Senegal, West Africa. Boavista is the eastern most island and may constitute the most important nesting area for the loggerhead turtle in the archipelago. The studies conducted from 1998 to 2004 indicate that Cape Verde might account for one of the most important loggerheads populations in the eastern Atlantic. The nesting females in Boavista were surveyed during the 2004 season, in order to (1) know the health status of the population (2) determine the effects of physical anomalies on nesting behaviour and (3) determine the possible origin of the injuries observed.

Abundance and exploitation of loggerhead turtles nesting in Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde: The only substantial rookery in the eastern Atlantic.

[EN] The main nesting area for loggerhead turtles in the eastern Atlantic is in the Cape Verde Islands, largely restricted to the island of Boa Vista. Extensive monitoring demonstrated a globally significant population for the species despite a sustained high level of anthropogenic take of nesting females for local consumption. Through an extensive stratified monitoring program across the island in the seasons 2007-2009, we estimated a total of 13955, 12028 and 19950 clutches in the 3 years, respectively. These values indicate that the mean number of nesting females averaged 3700. Considering that a female breed, on average, every 2.4 years, we estimate that the overall number of adult females in the population during these three seasons was 8900.

Prevalence of strabismus among students in Natal-RN - Brazil

To estimate the prevalence of strabismus in Natal, Brazil, among elementary and high school students of the public and private educational systems, in addition to detecting etiological factors. Methods: 1024 students were randomly selected and submitted to a questionnaire and a complete ophthalmologic examination, by professors and resident physicians in Ophthalmology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Results: Of 1024 students, 1015 were examined; 29 were found to have strabismus (2.9%), 20 of whom had manifest exotropia (2%), 2 had intermittent exotropia (0.2%), 6 had esotropia (0.6%) and 1 had V anisotropies (0.1%). Conclusions: The strabismus prevalence of the student population of Natal falls within the range of the worldwide population. There was ocular lesion in only one student (retinochoroiditis scar on the posterior pole in both eyes) related to strabismus

Rate predation on the nesting of Caretta caretta because of Ocypode cursor in Calheta de Pau beach, Boa Vista Island (Cape Verde Rep.)

[EN] Located in the Cape Verde Archipelago is one of the most important nesting population of Caretta caretta, Boa Vista Island being the principal nesting area. This population has been subject of research since 1998.