Upseerien virasta eroamiseen vaikuttaneet johtajuuden tai organisaatiokulttuurin alaiset tekijät

Upseerin ammatti on ammatti muiden ammattien rinnalla. Upseerit voivat erota virastaan muiden virkamiesten tapaan. Eroamisen takana on kuitenkin aina jokin syy. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää millaisia olivat ne johtajuuden tai organisaa-tiokulttuurin alaiset syyt, jotka vaikuttivat upseerien tekemiin eropäätöksiin. Lisäksi tutki-muksessa haluttiin selvittää kuinka paljon kyseiset syyt vaikuttavat eropäätöksiin. Päätutki-muskysymys aseteltiin seuraavasti: 1. Mitkä ovat puolustusvoimien organisaatiokulttuurissa tai johtajuudessa tekijöi-tä, jotka vaikuttavat upseerin päätökseen erota virasta? Lisäksi apuna käytettiin seuraavia alakysymyksiä: a. Millainen on puolustusvoimien johtamis- ja organisaatiokulttuuri virasta eron-neiden mielestä? b. Kuinka paljon päätutkimuskysymyksen mukaiset tekijät vaikuttivat tehtyihin eropäätöksiin? Tutkimus suoritettiin kahden aikaisemmin tehtyjen kyselyjen pohjalta. Aikaisemmat kyselyt olivat sekä Pääesikunnan että Upseeriliiton teettämät kyselyt virasta eronneille upseereille. Tutkimuksessa viitekehyksenä toimivat johtamisen nelikentän osa-alueet johtajuus ja organi-saatiokulttuuri. Kyselyaineistosta etsittiin eroon vaikuttaneita syitä jotka liittyivät viitekehyk-seen, ja sitä kautta saavutettiin tutkimuskysymysten vastaukset. Kyselyaineistojen lisäksi tärkeimpinä lähteinä toimivat Jukka Kiurun toimittama Johdatus Johtamiseen, Kinnunen ym. laatima Johtajan käsikirja, Pekka Halosen Puolustusvoimien koulutuskulttuurin rakentuminen ja Edgar Scheinin Organisaatiokulttuuri ja johtaminen. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksinä ovat organisaatiokulttuurin tai johtajuuden alaiset tekijät jotka olivat vaikuttaneet upseerien päätökseen erota virasta. Tällaisia tekijöitä ovat muun muassa arvostus nuoria upseereita kohtaan ja kiitoksen tai tunnustuksen puuttuminen hyvin suorite-tusta työstä.

Siiderin ja long drink -juomien sekoitusprosessin kehittäminen

Diplomityössä perehdytään Hartwall Lahden tuotantolaitoksen juomanvalmistuksen osaston siiderin ja long drink –juomien valmistusprosessin kehittämiseen. Diplomityön tavoitteena oli löytää prosessin ongelma- ja poikkeamakohtia, tutkia mahdollisia hävikkikohteita ja suorittaa laadun osalta ajoseurantamittauksia. Ongelmakohtien pohjalta laadittiin parannusehdotuksia ja niitä toteutettiin jo tämän projektin aikana. Ongelma- ja poikkeamakohtia tutkittiin ajoprosessin aikana. Hävikkitutkimus kohdennettiin aromiliuoksen annostelulinjaan, nestesokerin an-nostelulinjaan ja tuotteiden alku- ja lopputyönnöille painetankkeihin. Painetankkien osalta mahdollisia hävikkikohteita tutkittiin kokeellisen toiminnan avulla ajo-prosessin aikana. Ajoprosessin käynnistyksen jälkeen selvitettiin milloin valmis tuote on painetankkien venttiilimatriisilla. Uudet parametrit alku- ja lopputyönnöille määritettiin tuoteputken, painetankkien pohjaputkien ja venttiilimatriisin tilavuuksien avulla. Hävikkitutkimuksen tuloksena saatiin pienennettyä hävikkiä ja näin ollen syntyi kustannussäästöjä. Hiilidioksidin sitoutuvuutta tutkittiin mittauksien avulla valmistusprosessin aikana. Mittauksien perusteella havaittiin, että hiilidioksidipitoisuus laskee painetankissa. Tämä johtuu valmiin tuotteen lämpötilamuutoksista. Tuotteen lämpötilaa voidaan tasata esimerkiksi levylämmönvaihtimen avulla.

Arvostelut / Recensioner

Johanna Pentikäinen: Kirjallisuudenopetuksen kalpeat kasvot? (Kaisa Ahvenjärvi & Leena Kirstinä: Kirjallisuuden opetuksen käsikirja). – Nora Hämäläinen: Filosofian ja kirjallisuuden rajapintoja tutkimassa (Jukka Mikkonen & Antti Salmi-nen (toim.): Kirjallisuus ja filosofia – Rinnakkaisuuksia, risteyksiä, ristiriitoja). – Sari Salin: Satiiria on Suomessakin (Sari Kivistö & H.K. Riikonen: Satiiri Suomessa). – Mia Österlund: Upplagsrika analyser av finländsk samtidslitteratur (Leena Kirstinä (red.): Nodes of Contemporary Finnish Literature). – Päivi Koivisto: Suomalainen tekijäpeli ranskalaisin säännöin (Kaisa Kurikka: Algot Untola ja kirjoittava kone). – Pertti Lassila: Kiven kirjeet hyvin toimitettuina (Aleksis Kivi: Kirjeet. Kriittinen editio. Toimittaneet Juhani Niemi (päätoimittaja), Sakari Katajamäki, Ossi Kokko, Petri Lauerma, Jyrki Nummi. Ruotsinkieliset kirjeet suomentanut Juhani Lindholm). – Tiina Käkelä-Puumala: Nykyaikaa etsimässä (Pekka Vartiainen: Postmoderni kirjallisuus. Länsimai-sen kirjallisuuden historia 1945–2000).

Fragmenta Membranea Project 2009 – 2012

Reports and Studies 1 / 2014

Parasitic Order Machine. A Sociology and Ontology of Information Securing

This study examines information security as a process (information securing) in terms of what it does, especially beyond its obvious role of protector. It investigates concepts related to ‘ontology of becoming’, and examines what it is that information securing produces. The research is theory driven and draws upon three fields: sociology (especially actor-network theory), philosophy (especially Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of ‘machine’, ‘territory’ and ‘becoming’, and Michel Serres’s concept of ‘parasite’), and information systems science (the subject of information security). Social engineering (used here in the sense of breaking into systems through non-technical means) and software cracker groups (groups which remove copy protection systems from software) are analysed as examples of breaches of information security. Firstly, the study finds that information securing is always interruptive: every entity (regardless of whether or not it is malicious) that becomes connected to information security is interrupted. Furthermore, every entity changes, becomes different, as it makes a connection with information security (ontology of becoming). Moreover, information security organizes entities into different territories. However, the territories – the insides and outsides of information systems – are ontologically similar; the only difference is in the order of the territories, not in the ontological status of entities that inhabit the territories. In other words, malicious software is ontologically similar to benign software; they both are users in terms of a system. The difference is based on the order of the system and users: who uses the system and what the system is used for. Secondly, the research shows that information security is always external (in the terms of this study it is a ‘parasite’) to the information system that it protects. Information securing creates and maintains order while simultaneously disrupting the existing order of the system that it protects. For example, in terms of software itself, the implementation of a copy protection system is an entirely external addition. In fact, this parasitic addition makes software different. Thus, information security disrupts that which it is supposed to defend from disruption. Finally, it is asserted that, in its interruption, information security is a connector that creates passages; it connects users to systems while also creating its own threats. For example, copy protection systems invite crackers and information security policies entice social engineers to use and exploit information security techniques in a novel manner.

The effect of celebrity CEO’s crisis communication to crisis outcome

The purpose of this this study is to examine the effects that a celebrity CEO’s crisis communication has on the crisis outcome and further on the quick decision response, resource mobilization and information flow during a crisis. The research was conducted using a multiple embedded case method, with four cases that represent different kinds of crisis that have all involved a celebrity CEO. The cases have been collected from various secondary data sources. The results of the study indicate that in crisis situations the celebrity CEO is expected to take responsibility of the crisis communication. The CEO needs to understand how and what to communicate in these situations and they need to make quick decisions even with limited information available. Crisis outcome is highly dependent on the golden hour crisis communication and there the performance of the celebrity CEO is crucial.

AQUAREL CONCEPT Aquatic resources for green energy realization

The AQUAREL project studied the availability and optional utilization methods for fish processing side streams and other aquatic biomaterial in the Republic of Karelia. Additionally processing aquatic biomaterial with manure and sewage sludge was studied. Based on the results, the most feasible option today is to process fish side streams to fish oil and dewatered oil-free residue and to use them for fish or animal feed production. However, it is necessary to highlight, that changes in e.g. economic environment, energy prices and demand may require re-evaluating the results and conclusions made in the project. Producing fish oil from fish processing side streams is an easy and relatively simple production process generating a valuable end product. The functionality of the process was confirmed in a pilot conducted in the project. The oil and solids are separated from the heated fish waste based on gravity. The fish oil separating on top of the separator unit is removed. Fish oil can as such be utilized for heating purposes, fish meal or animal feed production, but it can also be further processed to biodiesel. However, due to currently moderate energy prices in Russia, biodiesel production is not economically profitable. Even if the fish oil production process is not complicated, the operative management of small-scale fish oil production unit requires dedicated resources and separate facilities especially to meet hygiene requirements. Managing the side streams is not a core business for fish farmers. Efficient and economically profitable fish oil production requires a centralized production unit with bigger processing capacity. One fish processing unit needs to be designed to manage side streams collected from several fish farms. The optimum location for the processing unit is in the middle of the fish farms. Based on the transportation cost analysis in the Republic of Karelia, it is not economically efficient to transport bio-wastes for more than 100 km since the transportation costs start increasing substantially. Another issue to be considered is that collection of side streams, including the dead fish, from the fish farms should be organized on a daily basis in order to eliminate the need for storing the side streams at the farms. Based on AQUAREL project studies there are different public funding sources available for supporting and enabling profitable and environmentally sustainable utilization, research or development of fish processing side streams and other aquatic biomaterial. Different funding programmes can be utilized by companies, research organizations, authorities and non-governmental organizations.

Kunnossapidon työlupakäytäntöjen parantaminen mobiilijärjestelmän avulla

Viranomaisvaatimuksen mukaan ydinvoimalaitoksen toiminnan perustana tulee olla johtamisjärjestelmä, joka kattaa organisaation rakenteen ja prosessit, henkilöstön vastuut ja valtuudet sekä päätöksentekomenettelyt. Sen tulee myös tukea hyvää turvallisuuskulttuuria ja varmistaa että ydin- ja säteilyturvallisuuteen liittyvät vaatimukset täyttyvät kaikessa toiminnassa. Loviisan voimalaitoksen johtamisjärjestelmä ohjaa voimalaitoksen käyttötoimintaa ja se on kuvattuna voimalaitosohjeistossa joka käsittää voimalaitoksen politiikat, laadunvarmistuskäsikirjat sekä erilaiset ohjeet. Loviisan voimalaitoksen toimintaa seurataan ja arvioidaan säännöllisesti mm. auditoinneilla. Seurannan ja arvioinnin tarkoituksena on tunnistaa johtamisjärjestelmän mahdolliset kehittämisalueet ja varmistaa täyttääkö toiminta sille asetetut vaatimukset. Tämä opinnäyte pohjautuu sisäisessä auditoinnissa havaittuun puutteeseen voimalaitoksen työlupakäytännöissä. Työssä toteutettiin mobiilijärjestelmä, jonka tarkoituksena on parantaa kunnossapitotöihin liittyvien työlupien jälkiseurantaa. Tällaisia työlupaa vaativia töitä ovat mm. tuli- ja säteilytyöt, joiden suorittamiseen liittyy riskejä kuten palo- ja räjähdysvaara tai tarpeeton altistuminen säteilylle. Mobiilijärjestelmä toteutettiin monikansallisena projektina osana laajempaa Loviisan voimalaitoksen laitostietojärjestelmän uusintaprojektia.

Kuorimarummun kantokehän ja lohkon valmistuksen ja vaihdon kriittiset menestystekijät

TIIVISTELMÄ Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Teknillinen tiedekunta Konetekniikan koulutusohjelma Sami Suvanto Kuorimarummun kantokehän ja lohkon valmistuksen ja vaihdon kriittiset menestystekijät. Diplomityö 2014 64 sivua, 16 kuvaa, 5 taulukkoa, 1 liite Tarkastajat: Professori Jukka Martikainen DI Jari Junninen Hakusanat: kuorimo, kuorimarumpu, kantokehä, vaippalohko, hitsaus Keywords: wood room, debarking drum, support ring, drum shell, welding Sellutehtaiden puunkäsittelylaitoksilla kuorimarumpu on yksi tärkeimmistä prosessilaitteista. Kuorimarummun kantokehän tai lohkon vaihto on tyypillisesti koko puunkäsittelyn elinkaaren merkittävin korjausinvestointi. Markkinoilla on muutamia laitevalmistajia, jotka kilpailevat omien, sekä kilpailijoiden kuorimarumpujen korjausurakoista. Tässä diplomityössä selvitetään kuorimarummun kantokehän ja lohkonvaihtourakoiden kriittiset menestystekijät. Selvitys tehdään arvioimalla tekninen konstruktio, vaihtomenetelmät, sekä toimintamalli vaihtoprojektin suorittamisessa. Case tutkimukseen valittiin yksi kilpailijalle hävitty vaippalohkon vaihtotarjous, yksi kilpailijalle hävitty kantokehän vaihtotarjous, sekä yksi kantokehätoimitus. Työn tuloksena vahvuudet ja heikkoudet kuorimarummun kunnossapidossa tulivat esiin. Työn aikana löydettiin myös lukuisia kehitysideoita. Näitä ideoita viedään eteenpäin normaalina kehitystyönä.

Decision making and decision support in service systems

This thesis is a literature study that develops a conceptual model of decision making and decision support in service systems. The study is related to the Ä-Logi, Intelligent Service Logic for Welfare Sector Services research project, and the objective of the study is to develop the necessary theoretical framework to enable further research based on the research project results and material. The study first examines the concepts of service and service systems, focusing on understanding the characteristics of service systems and their implications for decision making and decision support to provide the basis for the development of the conceptual model. Based on the identified service system characteristics, an integrated model of service systems is proposed that views service systems through a number of interrelated perspectives that each offer different, but complementary, implications on the nature of decision making and the requirements for decision support in service systems. Based on the model, it is proposed that different types of decision making contexts can be identified in service systems that may be dominated by different types of decision making processes and where different types of decision support may be required, depending on the characteristics of the decision making context and its decision making processes. The proposed conceptual model of decision making and decision support in service systems examines the characteristics of decision making contexts and processes in service systems, and their typical requirements for decision support. First, a characterization of different types of decision making contexts in service systems is proposed based on the Cynefin framework and the identified service system characteristics. Second, the nature of decision making processes in service systems is proposed to be dual, with both rational and naturalistic decision making processes existing in service systems, and having an important and complementary role in decision making in service systems. Finally, a characterization of typical requirements for decision support in service systems is proposed that examines the decision support requirements associated with different types of decision making processes in characteristically different types of decision making contexts. It is proposed that decision support for the decision making processes that are based on rational decision making can be based on organizational decision support models, while decision support for the decision making processes that are based on naturalistic decision making should be based on supporting the decision makers’ situation awareness and facilitating the development of their tacit knowledge of the system and its tasks. Based on the proposed conceptual model a further research process is proposed. The study additionally provides a number of new perspectives on the characteristics of service systems, and the nature of decision making and requirements for decision support in service systems that can potentially provide a basis for further discussion and research, and support the practice alike.

Welding of additively manufactured stainless steel parts: Comparative study between sheet metal and selective laser melted parts

Additive manufacturing is a fast growing manufacturing technology capable of producing complex objects without the need for conventional manufacturing process planning. During the process the work piece is built by adding material one layer at a time according to a digital 3D CAD model. At first additive manufacturing was mainly used to make prototypes but the development of the technology has made it possible to also make final products. Welding is the most common joining method for metallic materials. As the maximum part size of additive manufacturing is often limited, it may sometimes be required to join two or more additively manufactured parts together. However there has been almost no research on the welding of additively manufactured parts so far, which means that there has been very little information available on the possible differences compared to the welding of sheet metal parts. The aim of this study was to compare the weld joint properties of additively manufactured parts to those of sheet metal parts. The welding process that was used was TIG welding and the test material was 316L austenitic stainless steel. Weld joint properties were studied by making tensile, bend and hardness tests and by studying the weld microstructures with a microscope. Results show that there are certain characteristics in the welds of additively manufactured parts. The building direction of the test pieces has some impact on the mechanical properties of the weld. Nevertheless all the welds exhibited higher yield strength than the sheet metal welds but at the same time elongation at break was lower. It was concluded that TIG welding is a feasible process for welding additively manufactured parts.

Value of Information Logistics Integration in Digital Business Ecosystem

Digital business ecosystems (DBE) are becoming an increasingly popular concept for modelling and building distributed systems in heterogeneous, decentralized and open environments. Information- and communication technology (ICT) enabled business solutions have created an opportunity for automated business relations and transactions. The deployment of ICT in business-to-business (B2B) integration seeks to improve competitiveness by establishing real-time information and offering better information visibility to business ecosystem actors. The products, components and raw material flows in supply chains are traditionally studied in logistics research. In this study, we expand the research to cover the processes parallel to the service and information flows as information logistics integration. In this thesis, we show how better integration and automation of information flows enhance the speed of processes and, thus, provide cost savings and other benefits for organizations. Investments in DBE are intended to add value through business automation and are key decisions in building up information logistics integration. Business solutions that build on automation are important sources of value in networks that promote and support business relations and transactions. Value is created through improved productivity and effectiveness when new, more efficient collaboration methods are discovered and integrated into DBE. Organizations, business networks and collaborations, even with competitors, form DBE in which information logistics integration has a significant role as a value driver. However, traditional economic and computing theories do not focus on digital business ecosystems as a separate form of organization, and they do not provide conceptual frameworks that can be used to explore digital business ecosystems as value drivers—combined internal management and external coordination mechanisms for information logistics integration are not the current practice of a company’s strategic process. In this thesis, we have developed and tested a framework to explore the digital business ecosystems developed and a coordination model for digital business ecosystem integration; moreover, we have analysed the value of information logistics integration. The research is based on a case study and on mixed methods, in which we use the Delphi method and Internetbased tools for idea generation and development. We conducted many interviews with key experts, which we recoded, transcribed and coded to find success factors. Qualitative analyses were based on a Monte Carlo simulation, which sought cost savings, and Real Option Valuation, which sought an optimal investment program for the ecosystem level. This study provides valuable knowledge regarding information logistics integration by utilizing a suitable business process information model for collaboration. An information model is based on the business process scenarios and on detailed transactions for the mapping and automation of product, service and information flows. The research results illustrate the current cap of understanding information logistics integration in a digital business ecosystem. Based on success factors, we were able to illustrate how specific coordination mechanisms related to network management and orchestration could be designed. We also pointed out the potential of information logistics integration in value creation. With the help of global standardization experts, we utilized the design of the core information model for B2B integration. We built this quantitative analysis by using the Monte Carlo-based simulation model and the Real Option Value model. This research covers relevant new research disciplines, such as information logistics integration and digital business ecosystems, in which the current literature needs to be improved. This research was executed by high-level experts and managers responsible for global business network B2B integration. However, the research was dominated by one industry domain, and therefore a more comprehensive exploration should be undertaken to cover a larger population of business sectors. Based on this research, the new quantitative survey could provide new possibilities to examine information logistics integration in digital business ecosystems. The value activities indicate that further studies should continue, especially with regard to the collaboration issues on integration, focusing on a user-centric approach. We should better understand how real-time information supports customer value creation by imbedding the information into the lifetime value of products and services. The aim of this research was to build competitive advantage through B2B integration to support a real-time economy. For practitioners, this research created several tools and concepts to improve value activities, information logistics integration design and management and orchestration models. Based on the results, the companies were able to better understand the formulation of the digital business ecosystem and the importance of joint efforts in collaboration. However, the challenge of incorporating this new knowledge into strategic processes in a multi-stakeholder environment remains. This challenge has been noted, and new projects have been established in pursuit of a real-time economy.

Pasvik Water Quality until 2013 ; Environmental Monitoring Programme in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian Border Area

The Pasvik monitoring programme was created in 2006 as a result of the trilateral cooperation and with the intention of following changes in the environment under variable pollution levels. Water quality is one of the basic elements of the programme when assessing the effects of the emissions from the Pechenganikel mining end metallurgical industry (Kola GMK). In this report temporal trends of the water chemistry during 2000–2013 are examined on the basis of the data gathered from lake Inari, River Pasvik and directly connected lakes, Lake Kuetsjarvi and 25 small lakes in three areas: Pechenganikel (Russia), Jarfjord (Norway) and Vätsäri (Finland). The lower parts of the Pasvik watercourse are impacted by both atmospheric pollution and direct wastewater discharge from the Pechenganikel smelter and the settlement of Nikel. The upper section of the watercourse and the small lakes and streams which are not directly linked to the Pasvik Watercourse only receive atmospheric pollution. Lake Inari is free of direct emissions from the Pechenganikel and the water quality is excellent. In River Pasvik and the directly connected lakes copper, nickel, and sulphates are the main pollutants. The most polluted water body is the Kolosjoki River as well as the stream connecting the Lakes Salmijarvi and Kuetsjarvi. The concentration of metals and sulphates in the water notably increases downstream the river lower Lake Kuetsjarvi. In Lake Kuetsjarvi copper and nickel concentrations are clearly elevated and have changed insignificantly in the last years of the research period. In the small border area lakes recovery from acidification in Vätsäri and Jarfjord is evident. Nickel and copper oncentrations have fluctuated but remained on clearly elevated level in Jarfjord and Pechenga. Copper concentrations have been slightly rising in the recent years. In Pechenga area nickel concentrations during the last four monitoring years are decreasing in some places but the regional trend through whole time series is still positive.