Análisis y perspectivas filosóficas, epistemológicas e históricas de la contemporaneidad desde un discurso crítico-pedagógico.

Realiza un estudio pormenorizado de las características del período cultural postmoderno, entre las que destaca el pensamiento débil, la hiperfragmentariedad, el pensamiento único, el nihilismo, el derrumbe de las ideologías, el individualismo conformista, la carencia de metarrelatos, la disolución por la pregunta por le sentido y de los fundamentos universales, y por último, la difuminación de las metaprescripciones. Ello se inscribe en una indagación acerca de la fisonomía y fortaleza del pensamiento idealista en sus versiones contemporáneas, especialmente en la filosófico-histórica, en la pedagógica y en la sociopolítica. Además, se analiza la perspectiva de las claves viables de su desestructuración en el ámbito pedagógico, con la finalidad de repensar la vigencia y el valor de la tradición o concepción realista del ser en medio de las diatribas reales y aparente entre modernidad y postmodernidad. Se define un contexto de redefinición del concepto, utilidad y estructura del saber que exigen el replanteamiento de la función de la educación y de la naturaleza del conocimiento. Se comprueba que las posiciones modernas, las culturalistas, las críticas, las deconstruccionistas y las performativas pugnan por hacer valer sus tesis y dinamismos. En definitiva, el tema de la pedagogía y la educación pasa por el análisis y la valoración de los temas culturales de más relevancia. No sin dificultades podría esclarecerse el papel que han de jugar tanto las políticas educativas como los docentes al margen de las condiciones filosóficas, epistemológicas e históricas de la contemporaneidad .

Las asignaturas de ciencias en las pruebas de acceso a la universidad : perspectiva de género.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Teaching at the University of Leuven : a case of teacher training in Higher Education in Flanders, Belgium

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La literatura cient??fica sobre rankings universitarios : una revisi??n sistem??tica

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Propuesta de mejoramiento al modelo de gestión del SOAT (Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Tránsito), del Ecuador

La presente disertación tiene como objetivo establecer una Propuesta de Mejoramiento al Modelo de Gestión del Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Tránsito – SOAT, del Ecuador. El primer capítulo menciona los conceptos generales del SOAT, beneficios, participantes, coberturas, exclusiones y normativas vigentes. El segundo capítulo se centra en el Modelo de Operación del SOAT que se utiliza en el Ecuador y su problemática actual, estableciendo sus fortalezas y debilidades. En el tercer capítulo se realiza un Análisis al Modelo de Gestión del SOAT en Colombia, con la finalidad de establecer semejanzas y diferencias con el Modelo SOAT de Ecuador. En el cuarto capítulo se realiza la Propuesta del Modelo de Gestión deseado, en el cual se establece una matriz de funciones y responsabilidades para determinados Organismos de Control, con la finalidad de mejorar los procesos establecidos actualmente. Por último, el quinto capítulo corresponde a las conclusiones y recomendaciones como resultado del estudio realizado.

Un nuevo amanecer: el giro de la política exterior colombiana y su impacto en el conflicto interno (Tema Central)

La autora explora la posibilidad de un cambio en las relaciones de Colombia con Venezuela y Ecuador durante la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos. Las relaciones de Colombia con esos dos países vecinos, por un largo período, se han caracterizado por su complejidad expresada en roces y desencuentros, configurando un escenario conflictivo. Esta dinámica se origina en dos factores: el conflicto armado colombiano de larga duración, y la alineación de Colombia con Estados Unidos. La autora sostiene que los cambios en el segundo factor podrían conducir a una modificación del conflicto doméstico colombiano, y por extensión a mejorar las relaciones con Ecuador y Venezuela.

Marco de impunidad en la justicia transicional: caso bloque Calima en el departamento del Cauca

La justicia transicional implica transformaciones radicales de un orden social y político, bien sea por el paso de un régimen dictatorial a uno democrático, bien por la finalización de un conflicto interno armado y la consecución de la paz. Este trabajo pretende aportar en el debate sobre la efectividad de leyes que apelan a la justicia transicional para el restablecimiento de los derechos de las víctimas en medio de contextos conflictivos, de re victimización, e impunidad. De esta manera, en este trabajo se realizan reflexiones conceptuales de la justicia transicional, así como los estándares en términos de verdad, justicia y reparación inherentes a ella; se hace una aproximación crítica al proceso adelantado en Colombia a través de la Ley 975 de 2005 que apela a la justicia transicional para la desmovilización de grupos paramilitares. Así mismo, se realiza un análisis de tipo estructural del paramilitarismo en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en el accionar del Bloque Calima de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (en adelante AUC) en el sur occidente colombiano a partir de la voces de sus víctimas; finalmente se profundiza en aquellos mecanismos jurídicos y políticos que benefician la impunidad presentes en la Ley 975 de 2005 a partir de dos casos emblemáticos.

Modelos de governança e organizações esportivas: uma análise das federações e confederações esportivas brasileiras

Esta Tese tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre as práticas de governança para Federações esportivas e a sua efetividade no Brasil, utilizando a Teoria dos Stakeholders e teorias sobre organizações esportivas. Ela sugere práticas de governança para as entidades esportivas que podem aumentar a sua efetividade - em um contexto em que o esporte é relevante para o Estado e a sociedade. São identificados os principais Stakeholders no esporte e em seguida apresentados parâmetros para uma boa governança, divididos nos campos: regulação, resultados, profissionalismo, transparência e participação. A confecção da presente Tese abrangeu uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde foram entrevistados 26 atores do mundo do esporte e analisados Estatutos e outros documentos de Confederações esportivas. Isso foi facilitado pelo envolvimento do autor com o assunto, pois exerce a direção de Federação Esportiva desde 2005 (Vice Presidente da Federação de Vela do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005/2010 e Presidente da mesma entidade 2011/2012). A solução aqui proposta ajuda a conferir mais transparência e controle sobre as organizações esportivas, criando uma racionalidade instrumental que melhor atenda aos interesses objetivos do conjunto de seus Stakeholders.

Contribuição da avifauna como indicador da integridade ambiental na estação experimental de Holambra - SP

Os agricultores têm o importante papel de alimentar uma população crescente, fornecer matéria prima para inúmeras indústrias e para a geração de energia, tudo de forma saudável e sustentável. Também está nas mãos dos agricultores a grande responsabilidade de manter uma área de preservação em suas propriedades para garantir a qualidade do solo e água e conservação da flora e fauna. O novo código florestal - Lei nº. 12.651 de 25 de maio de 2012 - estabelece que todas as propriedades rurais devem manter áreas de reserva legal e de preservação permanente. A Estação Experimental de Holambra, estudada nesta dissertação, segue a Lei vigente. Esta Estação Experimental é uma pequena propriedade da multinacional Syngenta, localizada no município de Holambra, onde são testados agrotóxicos e sementes para fins de registro e pesquisa. Nesta propriedade são seguidas as boas práticas agrícolas, de tal forma que não ocorram contaminações de solo e água ou erosão. As áreas de preservação são de mata nativa e reflorestamento e são mantidas sem perturbações antrópicas. Foram feitos levantamentos da avifauna nas áreas de preservação permanente e de reserva legal nos anos de 2003, 2005, 2010 e 2013. Os dados de levantamento da avifauna indicaram uma tendência de aumento de diversidade e riqueza específica no decorrer dos anos. Além disso, foi visto um aumento de aves florestais, de cerrado e aquáticas, assim como aves com um perfil menos oportunista e de média sensibilidade às alterações antrópicas. Estes dados indicam uma evolução no índice ambiental da área. Apesar do uso intenso de insumos agrícolas na Estação Experimental, não foram encontradas aves mortas ou com sinais de intoxicação. Além disso, foram encontradas diversas aves de topo da cadeia alimentar, que poderiam estar acumulando toxinas, mas que cresceram em riqueza específica durante os levantamentos. Estes dados demonstram que as atividades da estação experimental não estão impactando a avifauna e que a manutenção e cuidado criterioso da área de preservação e seus arredores podem contribuir para a conservação da biodiversidade local.

Trabalho e formação docente na rede municipal de ensino de natal

The study Teacher work and education in the municipal schools of Natal objectifies the analysis of the education and work conditions of the teachers in the municipal schools of Natal, placing them within the scenario of the public policies outlined for Basic Education (2005-2010). The thesis is based on the perspective that the educational reforms implemented by the Brazilian government in an attempt to answer to the new contextual demands originated from the world of work and globalization, demanding increasingly higher levels of qualification and constant extension of the teaching functions in school from the teachers, have been configured withal as a strategy for intensifying the teacher s work. The empirical field of study was constituded by thirteen municipal schools that offer basic education. Four hundred and seventeen teacher subjects that work in the municipal school system of Natal, two representatives of the Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Natal (SME)1 that work in the pedagogical team and one representative of the Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação do Rio Grande do Norte2 took part in the study. The procedures/instruments used in the research were: bibliographic review, document research, questionnaires and recording of information in a field journal. The study confirmed that the majority of the teachers that work in the municipal school system were admitted by means of public entry exams, therefore meeting the requirements set by Law 9.394/96. Most of the teachers have the initial education demanded to work in basic education, although with some limitations due to the fact that they do not correspond to the needs of the educational system. The SME has a plan for continued training of the teachers in accordance to the current ideas defended by researchers of this field. There is, although, a disconnection between the purpose of the plan and the training strategies, because, in truth, predominate repetitive and specific actions that do not contemplate the training needs of the teachers, nor the demands of the system. Although the work conditions are evaluated, by the teachers, as relatively good, limits in relation to the physical structure of the schools are observed (dirty walls with holes in them, broken ceiling fans, old chairs and desks, old and stained black boards, inadequate restroom installations, poor maintenance of the computers, amongst other items). It was also verified the an increase in the functions of the teachers and an intensification of their work, materialized through an overburden of activities undertaken daily at school (and outside of it) and through the demand in taking part in activities that go beyond those inherent to the teaching process, such as the elaboration of political-pedagogical projects, participation in collegiate, registration of student information solicited by the SME and the participation in commissions, has been happening

Em cantos de reis: a tradição discursiva em Autos de Natal

This study incorporates many areas of knowledge to the Linguistics field, as it centers the social historicity of Brazilian and autos potiguares on two analytical proposes: the presence of linguistic formulas - in its macrostructure - into the paradigm of discursive traditions, following Kabatek (2006), Koch and Oesterreicher (2007), besides the theory of Speech Acts, in its microstructure, proposed by Austin (1990) and Searle (1995). Under Zumthor (1993; 1997; 2000; 2005; 2010), the idea of textual variability (mouvance) was alluded, highlighting that the text is always modifying, according to the performance and reception of the language uses. Considering this theoretical framework, we focus on the trinomial linguistic formulas, orality and performance, in order to describe the dynamics of stability, variation and change, emphasizing yet how extra-linguistic social-historic cultural relations influence its composition. Such discuss is inherent more precisely to Textual Analysis in enhancing the orality tradition as a linguistic support. The text, in its turn, becomes effective as an evocation, motivated by the transmission, reception and variability from its conservation and reiteration. Naturally, a methodological support based on quali-quantitative research was chosen, based on Flick (2009), who justifies the corpus composed by Brazilian Folias de Reis chants and Bois de Reis potiguares . Thereby Language dynamics, subjacent to tradition which takes effect by the use of a common social memory, are observed from two dimensions: on the first, it evocates the sacralization (religious) in which they stand their devotion to biblical History; secondly, a dissacralization with identified and ideological values, inherent to a people culture. The chant shows, in this ludic impulse, a contextualized activity which results in the following conclusion: the changing and stability processes in textual macro and microstructures occur, at the same time, by the adjustment to the use of the text accomplishing a social-political function and an ethical-pedagogic one; supposedly, social relationships arise the tradition and it, on its turn, evocates the variability and the nomadism in the text

O Uso de operações linguístico-discursivas da crítica genética na reescritura de textos

As a professor in Curso de Licenciatura em Letras, from Campus Avançado Profa Maria Eliza Albuquerque Maia (CAMEAM),do Estado do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), in the town of Pau do Ferros, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, we had the chance to carry out several writing activities , as well as guiding re-writing activities for the texts produced. From this experience, we started looking at the need of reflecting upon the writing process in higher education. Thus, we aim at analyzing, in this research, the methodology used in the moment of carrying out the writing practices activities in higher education, investigating, in particular, the rewriting practices, concerning the operations used for carrying out such activities, as well as the sense effects produced from the alterations which were made in the texts. Our theoretical foundation is grounded on a conception of text as a verbal action , what reveals a socio-interactional view of the language (MARCUSCHI, 2008; SAUTCHUK, 2003). As the production of written texts, our research focus, we assume that, for this activity, we deal with distinct figures (active writer and internal reader), so that we can, apart from writing, reflecting upon our writing and, this way, deciding about operations which are carried out to make the alterations which are necessary to the rewriting of our texts (SAUTCHUK, 2003). Still about the theoretical foundations used in this research, we made use of the theories from the Textual Analysis of Discourse (TAD) which discusses the belief on the evidence on the existence of the texts, which is opposite to the fixist view of textuality which believes that the texts exist by themselves. (ADAM, 2008; [2005]2010). Under this perspective, we have also adopted, the concepts which come from genetics criticism which is concerned about the relation between text and genesis, using as objects documents which bring traits of the text in progress, on the ground that the text is the result of work in progress, and the writing practice, on the other hand, as an activity in a continuous movement (HAY, [1975]2002; DE BIASI, [2000]2010; GRÉSILLON, 1989; [1990]2008; [1992]2002; SALLES, 2008a). The methodology in this research is an ethnography-based one, an approach which focuses on the process, as well as is meaning-based. To understand the objectives proposed in our research, we made use of different procedures of collecting data which include an ethnographic study, such as: observation, note-taking, document analysis. The data which were analyzed were collected during the semester of 2008.2, in a first term classroom of Curso de Letras from CAMEAM, when we were able to collect twenty-one written texts and all of them were rewritten based on rewriting activities, what provides a corpus of forty-two texts which will be analyzed based on the linguistics operations identified by Generative Grammar and adopted by Lebrave and Grésillon (2009). From these analyses, we were able to confirm that writing is a process, and rewriting has become an extremely important activity for this process. Still due to these data, we observed that substitution was the most used operation by text authors. We believe that this result is justified by the fact that the substitution, according to what proposes the Genetic Criticism, constitutes the source of all erasure, from which one can easily make a change in writing. Regarding the operations of addition and deletion, we found that they were used in quantitative terms, almost equivalently, which can be explained when we see that the two operations require, by the author of the text, different strategies from those used for the replacement, what includes , respectively, adding or removing a segment. Finally, we found out that the shift operation was the least used, since it works with a segment that will not be replaced, added or deleted, but transferred to another place of text, which requires a greater ability of the author to perform this operation and not compromising the meaning of his/her writing. As a result, we hope to contribute to the reflection on the teaching of writing, considering, in a particular way, those with a Bachelor in Arts. Our analysis will contribute to the teaching of Portuguese language, specifically for activities that guide the production of texts in order to explore with students the ability to rewrite their own text

Fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de zinco e cobre como melhoradores de desempenho em leitões desmamados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Orbital maneuvers using gravitational capture times

Artificial satellites around the Earth can be temporarily captured by the Moon via gravitational mechanisms., How long the capture remains depends on the phase space region where the trajectory is located. This interval of time (capture time) ranges from less than one day (a single passage), up to 500 days, or even more. Orbits of longer times might be very useful for certain types of missions. The advantage of the ballistic capture is to save fuel consumption in an orbit transference from around the Earth to around the Moon. Some of the impulse needed in the transference is saved by the use of the gravitational forces involved. However, the time needed for the transference is elongated from days to months. In the present work we have mapped a significant part of the phase space of the Earth-Moon system, determining the length of the capture times and the origin of the trajectory, if it comes from the Earth direction, or from the opposite direction. Using such map we present a set of missions considering the utilization of the long capture times. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.