Désambiguïsation de corpus monolingues par des approches de type Lesk

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from PR II, CORPUS 4 Cruise, R/V Atlantic Twin off the coast of Puerto Rico

The dredges described in this report were taken on the PR II, CORPUS 4 Expedition in January 1969 by the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center from the R/V Atlantic Twin. Dredges recovered and are available at USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center for sampling and study.

The Plutarch’s Motive of "Descensus Animae" in "Nag Hammadi and the Corpus Hermeticum"

Al evaluar los contactos de Plutarco con otras culturas contemporáneas, los investigadores todavía no han llegado a un consenso acerca de la relación entre el queronense y la literatura cristiano-primitiva. Un buen ejemplo de esto aparece al atender al motivo de la creación del alma humana. La intención de las próximas páginas es, tras un análisis de los textos plutarqueos, atender a estos posibles contactos con NHC, los heresiólogos y el Corpus Hermeticum a fin de dilucidar sus similitudes y diferencias.

La fijación léxica en el "Corpus diacrónico del español del Reino de Granada (CORDEREGRA)"

El estudio de las combinaciones léxicas según su grado de fijación y su distinción en combinaciones libres, colocaciones y locuciones ha sido realizado desde la perspectiva sincrónica. Planteamos la posibilidad de aplicar las pautas para distinguir estos tipos de estructuras en materiales de tipo diacrónico. Concretamente, nos basamos en los documentos que componen el Corpus del Español del Reino de Granada (CORDEREGRA) para valorar los materiales de este corpus histórico-lingüístico y comprobar si los criterios sincrónicos se pueden aplicar al estudio de documentos de otros siglos.

"Abhold, leid, gewillt"... ¿Son adjetivos? Estableciendo un corpus para un diccionario sintáctico alemán-español de adjetivos

Si se pretende elaborar un diccionario de adjetivos, ya sea este monolingüe o bilingüe, la primera tarea que se le impone al lexicógrafo es la de definir qué es un adjetivo, una cuestión que todavía hoy no ha sido resuelta satisfactoriamente. En alemán hay una serie de palabras que han sido descritas tradicionalmente como adjetivos en función exclusivamente predicativa, cuyo estatus como adjetivos es, sin embargo, cuestionado por algunos autores. En este artículo se trata de dilucidar si estas palabras realmente solo pueden aparecer en función predicativa, cómo se las describe en diccionarios y gramáticas y cuáles son sus principales correspondencias en español, a fin de decidir si deberían ser incluidas en un corpus destinado a la elaboración de un diccionario sintáctico de adjetivos alemán-español.

On a first-name basis: Englishization and naming in Flanders

Following and contributing to the ongoing shift from more structuralist, system-oriented to more pragmatic, socio-cultural oriented anglicism research, this paper verifies to what extent the global spread of English affects naming patterns in Flanders. To this end, a diachronic database of first names is constructed, containing the top 75 most popular boy and girl names from 2005 until 2014. In a first step, the etymological background of these names is documented and the evolution in popularity of the English names in the database is tracked. Results reveal no notable surge in the preference for English names. This paper complements these database-driven results with an experimental study, aiming to show how associations through referents are in this case more telling than associations through phonological form (here based on etymology). Focusing on the socio-cultural background of first names in general and of Anglo-American pop culture in particular, the second part of the study specifically reports on results from a survey where participants are asked to name the first three celebrities that leap to mind when hearing a certain first name (e.g. Lana, triggering the response Del Rey). Very clear associations are found between certain first names and specific celebrities from Anglo-American pop culture. Linking back to marketing research and the social turn in onomastics, we will discuss how these celebrities might function as referees, and how social stereotypes surrounding these referees are metonymically attached to their first names. Similar to the country-of-origin-effect in marketing, these metonymical links could very well be the reason why parents select specific “celebrity names”. Although further attitudinal research is needed, this paper supports the importance of including socio-cultural parameters when conducting onomastic research.

Epistemic Modality in Linguistic and Literature Essays in English : A comparative corpus-based study of modal verbs in student claims

This study is a corpus-based comparison between student essays written in the subject areas of English linguistics and literature at undergraduate level. They are 200 Bachelor degree theses submitted at a variety of university departments (such as English, Language and Literature, Humanities, Social and Intercultural Studies) in Sweden. The comparison concerns frequencies of core modal verbs and how often they occur together with the I, we and it subject pronouns and in the structures this/the [essay, study, project, thesis] when students attempt to communicate their personal claims. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essays show few similarities in the ways that core modal verbs appear in both disciplines. The results indicate mainly distinct differences, especially in relation to clusters and variation of performative verbs. Specific patterns in the ways that students use core modal verbs as hedges have also been identified.

I neologismi nella stampa francese contemporanea

Il presente elaborato si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare i neologismi nella stampa francese contemporanea attraverso lo spoglio di alcuni quotidiani generalisti a grande tiratura che sembrano essere più sensibili alla creazione lessicale. La tesi è organizzata in due parti complementari, la prima di natura teorica e la seconda analitica, comprensiva di un corpus di neologismi. Nel capitolo I verranno esposte la definizione e la storia sia della neologia che del neologismo in Francia, ponendo l'accento su come sia cambiata la percezione dei due termini nel corso del tempo. Nel capitolo II, saranno esaminati le motivazioni principali che determinano la nascita e l' affermazione di un neologismo, ragioni che sono insieme di natura linguistica e sociale. Nel capitolo III si proseguirà con una sintesi dei metodi di creazione linguistica, nonché neologia formale, neologia semantica e prestiti. Questi ultimi sono molto spesso di matrice anglofona e, come vedremo nel capitolo IV, incontrano una certa resistenza da parte della politica linguistica dell'Esagono, che si batte contro l'afflusso massiccio e indiscriminato dei prestiti (specie quelli di lusso) e sollecita alla neologia endogena. Il V capitolo della tesi è dedicato specificamente ai neologismi nella stampa francese. Sarà presentato qualche cenno storico sulle origini dei giornali e si tracceranno le caratteristiche stilistiche proprie della scrittura giornalistica. La parte teorica si conclude con un paragrafo incentrato sulle funzioni rivestite dai neologismi nella stampa. Nella parte analitica sarà offerto un corpus che raccoglie diversi neologismi attinti da Le Monde, Le Figaro e Libération. Tali neologismi, relativi a svariati ambiti, saranno analizzati in modo sintetico da un punto di vista morfologico. Per ciascuno di essi sarà fornita altresì una breve definizione. Infine, saranno tratte le dovute considerazioni sui metodi di formazione più sfruttati e produttivi.

Appréhension du corpus eurorégional, expression privilégiée d'une création territoriale

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Variación del índice de niebla usando un corpus obtenido a partir de los libros digitalizados por google

En lingüística, principalmente en el idioma inglés, se usa el Índice de Niebla de Gunning para determinar la legibilidad de un texto. El índice estima los años de educación formal necesarios para comprenderel texto en una primera lectura. Un Índice de 11 años apunta a una persona con el colegio finalizado, (Gunning, 1973). Analizamos en esta investigación la variación del Índice al cambiar la forma de obtener uno de los parámetros. En la fórmula original se consideran “palabras complejas” las que tienen tres o más sílabas. En su lugar utilizamos “palabras desconocidas” que son aquellas cuyo uso es poco familiar, según un corpus construido durante la investigación, partiendo de millones de libros digitalizados por Google y la Universidad de Harvard. Aunque la variación de los resultados dependerá del valor asignado para determinarsi una palabra es desconocida la investigación es pionera en el uso de un corpus para calcular el Índice de Niebla.

Navigating a corpus of journal papers using Handles

For some years now the Internet and World Wide Web communities have envisaged moving to a next generation of Web technologies by promoting a globally unique, and persistent, identifier for identifying and locating many forms of published objects . These identifiers are called Universal Resource Names (URNs) and they hold out the prospect of being able to refer to an object by what it is (signified by its URN), rather than by where it is (the current URL technology). One early implementation of URN ideas is the Unicode-based Handle technology, developed at CNRI in Reston Virginia. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a specific URN naming convention proposed just over 5 years ago and is now administered by the International DOI organisation, founded by a consortium of publishers and based in Washington DC. The DOI is being promoted for managing electronic content and for intellectual rights management of it, either using the published work itself, or, increasingly via metadata descriptors for the work in question. This paper describes the use of the CNRI handle parser to navigate a corpus of papers for the Electronic Publishing journal. These papers are in PDF format and based on our server in Nottingham. For each paper in the corpus a metadata descriptor is prepared for every citation appearing in the References section. The important factor is that the underlying handle is resolved locally in the first instance. In some cases (e.g. cross-citations within the corpus itself and links to known resources elsewhere) the handle can be handed over to CNRI for further resolution. This work shows the encouraging prospect of being able to use persistent URNs not only for intellectual property negotiations but also for search and discovery. In the test domain of this experiment every single resource, referred to within a given paper, can be resolved, at least to the level of metadata about the referred object. If the Web were to become more fully URN aware then a vast directed graph of linked resources could be accessed, via persistent names. Moreover, if these names delivered embedded metadata when resolved, the way would be open for a new generation of vastly more accurate and intelligent Web search engines.

The standardisation of Scottish Gaelic orthography 1750-2007: a corpus approach

This thesis investigates the standardisation of Modern Scottish Gaelic orthography from the mid-eighteenth century to the twenty-first. It presents the results of the first corpus-based analysis of Modern Scottish Gaelic orthographic development combined with an analytic approach that places orthographic choices in their sociolinguistic context. The theoretical framework behind the analysis centres on discussion of how the language ideologies of the phonographic ideal, historicism, autonomy, vernacularism and the ideology of the standard itself have shaped orthographic conventions and debates. It argues that current spelling norms reflect an orthography that is the result of compromise, historical factors and pragmatic function. The research uses a digital corpus to examine how three particular features have been used over time: the dialect variation between <eu> and <ia>; variation in s + stop consonant clusters (sd/st, sg/sc, sb/sp); and the use of the grave and acute accents. Evidence is drawn from the Corpas na Gàidhlig electronic corpus created at the University of Glasgow: the sub-corpus used in this study includes 117 published texts representing a period of over 250 years from 1750 to 2007, and a total size of over four and a quarter million words. The results confirm a key period of reform between 1750 and the early nineteenth century, and thereafter a settled norm being established in the early nineteenth century. Since then, some variation has been acceptable although changes and reform of some features have centred on increasing uniformity and regularisation.