998 resultados para Nutrição do Adolescente
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Fil: Paredes, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.
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A educação em saúde é um tema que requer atenção de todos. O cenário atual da qualidade de saúde da população nos convida a refletir sobre mudanças que visem a construir um panorama mais saudável. Conhecer a trajetória que o alimento, o corpo e a saúde percorreram no decorrer da história nos remete a necessidade de compreender as representações socioeconômicas e culturais que estes conquistaram e como se tornaram mercadorias altamente vendáveis e que despertam o desejo na sociedade de consumidores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias discursivas utilizadas nos textos publicados na seção nutrição da Revista Saúde é Vital, cuja temática seja nutrição e doenças cardiovasculares, no sentido de buscar entender como esse discurso construído pode contribuir com o processo de educação nutricional da população. Por meio da análise do discurso da missão, carta ao leitor, capas das revistas, índices de objetividade e subjetividade presentes nas matérias selecionadas constatou-se que as estratégias discursivas contribuem com o processo educativo. No entanto, para que a educação nutricional seja sólida faz-se necessário que o conhecimento não seja fragmentado. Educar não é informar. Educar é ensinar a pensar. Pensar não é ter as informações. Pensar é o que se faz com as informações.
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Assuntos como vestibular, escolha profissional ocupam espaço na mídia impressa especializada principalmente no final do ano. Evidentemente, o adolescente está inserido nesse contexto. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar como essa mídia representa o adolescente na etapa da escolha profissional e do vestibular, pesquisando que aspectos da vida desse jovem são mais focalizados. Para tanto, foram analisadas algumas publicações da mídia especializada - revistas GUIA DO ESTUDANTE, ALMANAQUE DO ESTUDANTE e os suplementos teens FOVEST e FOLHATEEN, veiculados pelo jornal Folha de SP. Tomando-se por base a teoria evolutiva da adaptação humana de Ryad Simon,que procura analisar quatro setores adaptativos: Afetivo-Relacional, Produtividade,Sócio-Cultural e Orgânico, procurou-se verificar se a mídia leva em conta todos os setores ou se procura dar maior destaque apenas ao setor da produtividade. O período de análise escolhido foi o que antecede a época do vestibular, de meio e de final de ano. A pesquisa foi quantitativa e qualitativa, buscando-se utilizar, como método, a análise de conteúdo por meio da EDAO, um instrumento da Psicologia que avalia os quatro setores da adaptação humana, segundo a teoria proposta por Simon (1989). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a mídia especializada dá maior ênfase aos aspectos produtivos, portanto ao setor Produtividade. Os demais setores, confirmando as hipóteses formuladas, foram pouco abordados, tanto pelas revistas quanto pelos suplementos.Outro dado observado foi a pouca profundidade na abordagem dos temas. O estudo concluiu, também, que a EDAO - Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada pode ser utilizada como instrumento de análise de conteúdo em pesquisas envolvendo a mídia impressa especializada e os aspectos psicossociais do indivíduo.(AU)
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Trata-se de um estudo de audiência do programa de televisão Em Movimento. Este é um programa regional produzido e exibido pela TV Gazeta, afiliada da Rede Globo, que tem como público-alvo os adolescentes. O objetivo consiste em compreender o conjunto de motivações que leva o adolescente capixaba a assistir ao programa. Também foi interesse deste estudo investigar quais os usos que os adolescentes fazem do conteúdo apresentado no programa e quais as gratificações que o mesmo traz aos adolescentes. Essa investigação teve como referencial teórico os conceitos sobre comunicação regional e a perspectiva dos usos e gratificações. A técnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a discussão em grupo, que consistiu na formação de grupos de adolescentes na faixa etária entre 15 e 18 anos para discussão do tema. Conclui-se que os adolescentes têm como principais motivações para assistir ao Em Movimento a vontade de aprender sobre si e sobre o ambiente em que vivem, confirmar conceitos já pré-estabelecidos por eles mesmos e ainda se sentirem próximos à realidade retratada no programa.
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A reabsorção condilar interna no adolescente (RCIA) é uma doença progressiva que afeta a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e que pode resultar em maloclusão, deformidade facial, disfunção de ATM e dor. O aparecimento desta doença ocorre entre os 10 e os 15 anos, sendo mais freqüente em adolescentes do sexo feminino. Esses pacientes apresentam sinais clínicos característicos como: ângulo do plano oclusal e do plano mandibular aumentados, retrusão progressiva da mandíbula e maloclusão Classe II, com ou sem mordida aberta. Nos exames de imagem (tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética), observa-se reabsorção interna dos côndilos e deslocamento dos discos articulares da ATM. Tendo em vista a dificuldade em determinar a causa da RCIA e a importância em eliminar a dor e melhorar a função mastigatória, este estudo se propôs a avaliar as alterações promovidas no posicionamento mandibular, a sintomatologia dolorosa e a estabilidade do tratamento da RCIA, utilizando o protocolo de tratamento (Dr. Larry M. Wolford) em pacientes adolescentes submetidos a cirurgia de reposicionamento do disco articular e cirurgia ortognática, realizadas no mesmo ato cirúrgico. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram avaliadas as telerradiografias laterais adquiridas na avaliação inicial (T1), pré-cirúrgica (T2), pós-cirúrgica imediata (T3) e de maior acompanhamento, com pelo menos um ano pós-cirurgia (T4) e questionários de dor e função mandibular de uma amostra de 24 pacientes com maloclusão de Classe II (20 do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino) diagnosticados com RCIA, os quais foram submetidos ao protocolo de tratamento composto pela cirurgia de reposicionamento do disco articular da ATM concomitantemente à cirurgia ortognática. O protocolo de tratamento utilizado mostrou-se bastante positivo, uma vez que a estabilidade foi adquirida e uma melhora significativa nos níveis de dor e função mandibular foram atingidos. O tratamento dos pacientes diagnosticados com RCIA, através do protocolo de tratamento proposto, é um procedimento estável e atua diretamente em um ganho na redução da dor.
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O presente estudo visa investigar a sexualidade na adolescência em suas inquietações e necessidades por meio do método de investigação clínica de abordagem psicanalítica de Enrique Pichon-Rivière, para se obter uma compreensão da psicodinâmica do grupo de adolescentes com enfoque operativo. Os objetivos são: 1. Levantamento do que os adolescentes pensam sobre sexualidade; 2. Discutir os principais conflitos vividos pelos adolescentes com relação à sexualidade e; 3. Analisar as formas de manifestações culturais dos adolescentes sobre a sexualidade. O procedimento inicial foi um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os temas: sexualidade, repressão, fantasias inconscientes e grupo com enfoque operativo. Os adolescentes de uma comunidade religiosa da metrópole de São Paulo foram os participantes. Realizaram-se 12 encontros grupais com enfoque operativo, utilizando-se a teoria e técnica dos grupos operativos de Pichon-Rivière. Houve um roteiro temático, que forneceram os conteúdos para cada encontro. Os temas revelaram sentimentos e reações emocionais dos adolescentes sobre sexualidade, dificuldades e facilidades encontradas em relação às manifestações culturais e a existência de conflitos (medos e desejos inconscientes) vividos pelos adolescentes. As análises dos resultados levaram a considerações que direcionam a duas vertentes: a) As inquietações representadas por dúvidas, sentimentos de perda, informações consistentes e medos; b) As necessidades estavam representadas pela lealdade, confiança, interação social, acolhimento (continência) e valores do grupo primário de referência. Conclui-se que o adolescente apresenta forte sentimento de desconfiança, caracterizando uma constelação de fantasias na qual predomina a persecutoriedade; esse adolescente está sempre preocupado com o externo, com o que os outros estão pensando
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The crisis of the model of technical and formal rationality is discussed in light of a paradigmatic change of the Law that arises in the context of recent transformations of capitalism worldwide, proposing a humanization of Law and Justice with a new ethical-political foundation that promotes a reconciliation between the rules that governs the social order and the world of life, a process of society’s emancipation. As empirical cut it is taken the Right of Children and Youth and, in a practical perspective, the recognition and effectiveness of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Brazil. It is proposed to analyze the process of democratization and legitimacy of the children and youth rights from the study and apprehension of knowledge that advocate a multidisciplinary view of knowledge and a dialogic praxis for construction of a thought able to contribute to the analysis of public policies and to develop strategies that allow a real change on the social thinking about the doctrine of integral protection of children and adolescents. The proposed methodological approach was developed from a dialectical view of science and as a research strategy for data collection of symbolic cartography or cartographic sociology of law and justice. It is shown that in the process of humanization of the Law and Justice there is a gap between the rights and the democratic participation of these rights.
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The study aimed to analyze the nursing diagnoses of the nutrition domain from NANDA International in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is a transversal study conducted in a university hospital in northeastern Brazil, with 50 hemodialysis patients. The data collection instrument was an interview form and a physical examination, in digital format, applied between the months of December 2013 to May 2014. Data analysis was divided into two stages. In the first, defining characteristics, related factors and risk factors were judged as to their presence by the researcher, according to the data collected. In the second stage, based on data from the first, diagnostic inference by experts was held. The results were organized in tables and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for the diagnoses that showed higher frequencies than 50%. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee responsible for the research institution (protocol number 392 535), with Certificate Presentation to Ethics Assessment 18710613.4.00005537 number. The results indicate a median of 7 (± 1.51) nursing diagnoses of the nutrition domain per patient. Six diagnoses with greater frequency than 50% were identified, namely: Risk for electrolyte imbalance, Risk for unstable blood glucose level, Excess fluid volume, Readiness for enhanced fluid balance, Readiness for enhanced nutrition and Risk for deficient fluid volume. The defining characteristics, related and risk factors presented an average of 34.78 (± 6.86), 15.50 (± 3.40) and a median of 4 (± 1.93), respectively, and 11 of these components had statistically significant association with the respective diagnoses. Were identified associations between adventitious breath sounds, edema and pulmonary congestion with the diagnosis Excess fluid volume; Expressed desire to increase fluid balance with the nursing diagnosis Readiness for enhanced fluid balance; It feeds regularly, Attitude to food consistent with the health goals, Consume adequate food, expresses knowledge about healthy food choices, expresses desire to improve nutrition, expresses knowledge about liquid healthier choices and following appropriate standard supply with diagnosis Readiness for enhanced nutrition. It is concluded that the diagnosis of the nutrition domain related to electrolyte problems are prevalent in customer submitted to hemodialysis. The identification of these diagnoses contributes to the development of a plan of care targeted to the needs of these clients, providing better quality of life and advance in the practice of care
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The Food and Nutrition Units (FNU) are designed to produce food for healthy and/or sick communities and need to be done in a way to ensure the quality of foodstuffs that were produced. In these units, in the working environment, in general, there is excessive noise, heat and physical condition with many adaptations, presence of obstacles, inadequate flows, as well as the ways of the working organization may represent risks for workers health and lead to errors during production and/or distribution of food. The main goal of this study was to analyse the working processes in the Food Production Unit of the university’s hospital and identify the workers' health risk factors, using for this the knowledge of ergonomics, specifically the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA). After this analysis it was possible to develop proposals that will bring improvements to the working conditions, minimizing health risk factors during the process of meals production. It’s crucial to reassert this method considers the work activity performed in real time and highlights the importance of listening and the engagement of the workers in the changing process. It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. In the field research were collected demographics data, employment characteristics of the individuals (age, education, stocking sector, the total length of service and length of service in the industry) and data related to their usual work (task analysis, activity analysis and Analysis of the working environment) in the FNU. The instruments that were used in this study were document analysis, global and systematic observations and semi structured interviews in order to identify the main complaints related to those activities developed by them. The study was based on data for the analysis of Bardin, 2011, so the documents have been selected and including those that treat issues related to risks to workers' health were selected. The result of semi-structured interviews, global and systematic observations took place a confrontation of this material to the theoretical framework, held the inference and the interpretation of results the light of the knowledge of ergonomics and legislation. Issues related to the risks and the perception of workers has crafted a table showing the frequency of responses to the physical, chemical and biological and even the risk of accidents and was made a descriptive analysis. The results of this analysis indicated that the unit in question presents several problems ambience of jobs, both in terms of physical structure, but also in the organization of work. Non-conformities that leads to a favourable environment to the development of disease and injury hazards and compromising the quality of food produced. It is necessary to comply with legislation and that short, medium and long-term measures are taken to ensure the physical integrity of workers and improve the working environment.
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This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
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This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
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Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct is rare. It happens predominantly in children and it is related to obstructive disease of the biliary tract. We present a case of an 18 year-old male patient, with ulcerative rectocolitis associated with malignant tumor of the head of pancreas. The patient developed an acute abdomen syndrome and laparotomy, a spontaneous perforation of common bile duct was evidenced. The authors make a revision of the clinical aspects of that pathology
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The relationship between the State and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) needs to be analyzed and debated by the objective to extinguish or to reduce the existent failures in this partnership in order that the whole society may benefit from it. To understand how the partnership between the public and NGOs work is fundamental. The present study searches to contribute to a better understanding of this matter. With this aim, the research focused the partnership formed between Natal Child and Adolescent Council (COMDICA) and NGOs which were selected by public notice in 2007. Theoretical references were based on the Continuum of Collaboration proposed by Austin (2001) that serves to differentiate the degree and the mode of interaction between the two organizations. It was observed that in some points there is a lack in the interaction between COMDICA and the NGOs. The frequent change of the government counselors makes difficult a more intense involvement and partnership awareness with the NGOs. The NGOs members need to be more involved with the activities of COMDICA and search for a larger participation in the assemblies, on the discussions and on the intrinsic council actions. The relationship must also be rethought, since that the partnership must not be limited to financial resources support. The channels of communication must be improved and become more frequent. The evaluation and monitoring of social projects are poor and own methodologies need to be elaborated. Therefore, it is necessary to make some adjustments in this relationship involving not only the partnerships made by the selected ONGs, but also all those who assist the child and the adolescent. A closer relation makes possible a greater effectiveness of the public policies on one side and on the other side improves the performance of the COMDICA and the NGOs