Efeito sacietogênico de um novo inibidor de tripsina da paçoca do amendoim com aumento plasmático de colecistocinina (cck)

Obesity is increasing, reaching epidemic levels in many regions of the world. Studies have shown that consumption of peanuts influences on weight control and this influence may be due to the action of trypsin inhibitors sacietogênica that condition increased plasma colescistocinina (CCK). Moreover, the peanut has other health benefits, and these assignments are guaranteed to increase their production and consumption of several of its products, including the paçoca peanut. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a trypsin inhibitor in paçoca peanut and evaluate its effect on food intake, weight gain and histomorphological changes in swiss mice (n = 8) and Wistar rats (n = 6). Experimental diets were prepared based on the AIN-93G and supplemented with tack or peanut trypsin inhibitor partially purified paçoca peanut (AHTI). After each treatment, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, their bloods were collected by cardiac puncture for the determination of CCK and other biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and albumin) and their pancreas removed for histologic and morphometric analysis. The supplementation with paçoca peanut and the AHTI showed a decrease of body weight gain and food intake in both mice and rats, due to the satiety, since the animals showed no evidence of impairment of nutritional status conditioned by consumption the AHTI. There were also observed biochemical or morphological important when compared with controls. However, AHTI led to increased secretion of CCK, a peptide sacietogênico. Thus, these results indicate that AHTI present in paçoca peanut, is able to enhance the secretion of plasma CCK and thereby reduce the weight gain associated with lower food intake of experimenta animals

Ação Sacietogênica de um inibidor de tripsina da semente de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.)

The seeds are excellent sources of proteinase inhibitors and have been highlighted owing to various applications. Among these applications are those in effect on food intake and weight gain that stand out because of the increasing number of obese individuals. This study evaluated the effects of trypsin inhibitor present in the seed of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) reduction in weight gain, biochemical and morphological alterations in Wistar rats. For this, we partially purified a trypsin inhibitor tamarind seed. This inhibitor, ITT2 at a concentration of 25 mg / kg body weight, over a period of 14 days was able to reduce food intake in rats (n = 6) by approximately 47%, causing a reduction in weight gain approximately 70% when compared with the control group. With the evaluation of the in vivo digestibility was demonstrated that the animals lost weight due to satiety, presented by the reduction of food intake, since there were significant differences between true digestibility for the control group (90.7%) and the group treated with inhibitor (89.88%). Additionally, we checked the deeds of ITT2 on biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase albumin, globulin, total protein and C-reactive protein) and these, when assessed in the study groups showed no statistically significant variations. We also evaluate the histology of some organs, liver, stomach, intestine, and pancreas, and showed no changes. And to evaluate the effect of trypsin inhibitor on food intake due to the satiety is regulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured plasma levels, and it was observed that the levels of CCK in animals receiving ITT2 were significantly higher ( 20 + 1.22) than in animals receiving only solution with casein (10.14 + 2.9) or water (5.92 + 1.15). Thus, the results indicate that the effect caused ITT2 satiety, reducing food intake, which in turn caused a reduction in weight gain in animals without causing morphological and biochemical changes, this effect caused by the elevation of plasma levels CCK

Percepção e conhecimento sobre o açúcar : sua relação com o excesso de peso em servidores de uma instituição de ensino superior de Brasília-DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2016.

Associação entre a Porphyromonas gingivalis e disfunção endotelial na periodontite

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Avaliação integrada em medicina da adolescência : a propósito de um caso de assimetria mamária

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Infertilidade na síndrome do ovário poliquístico : evidências sobre o tratamento

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relatório de estágio em controlo e gestão do peso corporal

Este relatório de estágio baseia-se na descrição de algumas atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do controlo de peso, nomeadamente na prevenção e tratamento de indivíduos com a condição de excesso de peso e obesidade. Fez-se uma análise estatística de forma a comparar as diferenças de peso, de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e de percentagem de Massa Gorda (% MG) ao longo do tempo nas pessoas que treinam num health club. Comparou-se a perda de peso e de % MG nos indivíduos que afirmaram possuir “história familiar de obesidade” e/ou “problemas de saúde”, assim como a diferença de peso e de % MG com o número de treinos semanais. Por fim, elaborou-se uma proposta de um programa de controlo de peso com o objetivo de diminuir a prevalência do número de sócios que têm excesso de peso ou obesidade adaptada a esse health club. Com este intuito foram efetuados dois estágios em duas empresas distintas: Clínica Metabólica, em Oeiras, onde foi observada a dinâmica de uma equipa multidisciplinar e como esta influencia o cliente no controlo do seu peso; e no health club – Club L (Villa-Park), em Lisboa – Amadora, onde foi abordada a mesma temática por uma equipa de fisiologistas do exercício. Nesta última empresa foi facilitado o acesso à base de dados para serem analisados estatisticamente alguns dados e utilizados para a elaboração da análise estatística. Analisaram-se dois grupos distintos para efeitos de análise de controlo de peso: o Grupo A, observado durante cerca de 3 meses em 2 momentos diferentes; e o Grupo B observado durante cerca de 6 meses em 3 momentos. Verificou-se que em ambos os grupos, e em ambos os géneros, a média do peso, do IMC e da % MG diminuiu ao longo do tempo, enquanto o número médio de treinos semanais aumentou. Concluiu-se que o grupo de indivíduos que afirmou não ter “história familiar de obesidade” demonstrou uma maior tendência para a perda de peso comparativamente aos que afirmaram ter. Enquanto os indivíduos que afirmaram ter “problemas de saúde” apresentaram uma maior tendência para a perda de peso comparativamente aos que negaram esses problemas. A proposta do programa de controlo de peso apresentada teve em conta uma equipa multidisciplinar visto ser atualmente aquela que ostenta resultados com mais sucesso, no que diz respeito à prevenção e tratamento do peso excessivo. No entanto, não houve oportunidade de colocar esta proposta em prática no health club em questão.

Dietary assessment of the western Lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group in Zoo Basel, Switzerland

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children: baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

BACKGROUND:Tackling inequalities in overweight, obesity and related determinants has become a top priority for the European research and policy agendas. Although it has been established that such inequalities accumulate from early childhood onward, they have not been studied extensively in children. The current article discusses the results of an explorative analysis for the identification of inequalities in behaviours and their determinants between groups with high and low socio-economic status. METHODS: This study is part of the Epode for the Promotion of Health Equity (EPHE) evaluation study, the overall aim of which is to assess the impact and sustainability of EPODE methodology to diminish inequalities in childhood obesity and overweight. Seven community-based programmes from different European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania, The Netherlands) participate in the EPHE study. In each of the communities, children aged 6-8 years participated, resulting in a total sample of 1266 children and their families. A parental self-administrated questionnaire was disseminated in order to assess the socio-economic status of the household, selected energy balance-related behaviours (1. fruit and vegetable consumption; 2. soft drink/ fruit juices and water consumption; 3. screen time and 4. sleep duration) of the children and associated family environmental determinants. The Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to test differences between the low and high education groups. The country-specific median was chosen as the cut-off point to determine the educational level, given the different average educational level in every country. RESULTS: Children with mothers of relatively high educational level consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently than their peers of low socio-economic status. The latter group of children had a higher intake of fruit juices and/or soft drinks and had higher screen time. Parental rules and home availability were consistently different between the two socio-economic groups in our study in all countries. However we did not find a common pattern for all behaviours and the variability across the countries was large. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are indicative of socio-economic inequalities in our samples, although the variability across the countries was large. The effectiveness of interventions aimed at chancing parental rules and behaviour on health inequalities should be studied.

The use of subclinical vascular markers of atherosclerosis in youth

The foundations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are laid in childhood and accelerated by the presence of comorbid conditions. Early detection of manifestations of cardiovascular pathology is an important clinical objective to identify those at risk for subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and events, and to initiate behavioral and medical interventions to reduce risk. Children were once considered to be at low risk, but with the growing health concerns related to lifestyle, cardiovascular screening may be needed earlier. Several noninvasive procedures are available to assess the cumulative effect of these exposures. These include carotid ultrasound, flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity and measures left ventricular mass. This dissertation analyzes the comorbid conditions that increase cardiovascular risk in youth, namely obesity and low physical fitness, using carotid intima-media thickness to objectively detect early manifestations of cardiovascular pathology. Until recently researchers have not used surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis to examine the role of a single bout of exercise. Utilizing the acute exercise model can be advantageous as it allows for an efficient manipulation of exercise variables and permits greater experimental control of confounding variables. It is possible that the effects of a bout of exercise can predict the effects of chronic exercise. We analyze the physiological factors pertinent to arterial stiffness using arterial distensibility and pulse wave velocity in the context of acute exercise in children and adults. In some instances, those who amend their trajectory by not maintaining risk factors into adulthood experience reductions in subclinical markers to levels associated with never having had the risk factor. Though avoidance of risk factors in youth is ideal, there is still a window for intervention where long-lasting cardiovascular effects might be avoided. In this dissertation we present preliminary findings linking modifiable youth risk factors to subclinical markers of CVD in adulthood.

Patterns of sedentary behavior : insights from observational and experimental studies on body composition and energy expenditure

It is recognized that sedentary behavior (SB) has deleterious effects on numerous health outcomes and it appears that physiological mechanisms underlying these harms are distinct from the ones explaining moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) benefits. Sedentary behavior represents a large portion of human’s life and is increasing with technological development. A new current of opinion supports the idea that the manner SB is accumulated plays an important role. This dissertation presents six research studies conducted under the scope of SB. In the methodological area, the first study highlighted the magnitude of potential errors in estimating SB and its patterns from common alternative methods (accelerometer and heart rate monitor) compared to ActivPAL. This study presented the accelerometer as a valid method at a group level. Two studies (2 and 5) were performed in older adults (the most sedentary group in the population) to test the associations for SB patterns with abdominal obesity using accelerometry. The findings showed positive graded associations for prolonged sedentary bouts with abdominal obesity and showed that those who interrupted SB more frequently were less likely to present abdominal obesity. Therefore, public health recommendations regarding breaking up SB more often are expected to be relevant. The associations between sedentary patterns and abdominal obesity were independent of MVPA in older adults. However, the low MVPA in this group makes it unclear whether this independent relationship still exists if highly active persons are analysed. Study 3 inovates by examining the association of SB with body fatness in highly trained athletes and found SB to predict total fat mass and trunk fat mass, independently of age and weekly training time. Study 4 also brings novelty to this research field by quantifying the metabolic and energetic cost of the transition from sitting to standing and then sitting back down (a break), informing about the modest energetic costs (0.32 kcal·min−1). Finally, from a successful multicomponent pilot intervention to reduce and break up SB (study 6), an important behavioral resistance to make more sit/stand transitions despite successfully reducing sitting time (~ 1.85 hours·day-1) was found, which may be relevant to inform future behavioral modification programs. The present work provides observational and experimental evidence on the relation for SB patterns with body composition outcomes and energy regulation that may be relevant for public health interventions.

Efeito do GQ-02, derivado de tiazolidinadionas, sobre a aquisição de fenótipo termogênico pelo adipócito in vivo e em cultura de células

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2016.

Relatório de estágio de intervenção comunitária

O presente relatório reporta-se ao estágio de intervenção comunitária, decorrido entre 16/9/2013 e 31/01/2014, na população idosa da Freguesia de Tramaga, Concelho de Ponte de Sor, Distrito de Portalegre, parte integrante de uma das regiões mais envelhecidas do país: Alto Alentejo. Constitui-se como instrumento para avaliação da manifesta Unidade Curricular, título de Mestre em Enfermagem e validar competências para atribuição do título de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e Saúde Pública pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros. A Intervenção Comunitária sustentou-se com base na metodologia do planeamento em saúde, metodologia de referência no âmbito da aquisição de competências da especialidade em Enfermagem Comunitária e Saúde Pública (Regulamento n.º 128/2011), das quais se distinguem capacidades para trabalhar em parceria com as comunidades, reconhecer as suas necessidades, planear cuidados adequados aos seus problemas mais prementes, enfatizar práticas conducentes a comportamentos e estilos de vida saudáveis, adotando a promoção da saúde e o empowerment como pedra basilar de intervenção. As intervenções dirigiram-se para os problemas priorizados, designadamente: quedas, comorbilidades, depressão, obesidade, polifarmácia e vulnerabilidades como: Viver só, isolamento, iliteracia e condição de habitação. Os objetivos gerais subjacentes tinham como desígnio sensibilizar população idosa e entidades políticas/locais/concelhias, sobre os problemas de saúde que influenciam negativamente a qualidade de vida destes idosos; contribuir para a sua minimização e melhoria da qualidade de vida, através de abordagens educativas, no âmbito de comportamentos e estilos de vida saudáveis, perspetivando o seu empowerment. Na sinergia entre Mestrandas, comunidade e organizações políticas/locais/concelhias houve possibilidade de discutir e analisar soluções para alguns problemas identificados. Foram desenvolvidas atividades de educação em saúde: ‘atelier da saúde’; Fórum comunitário; Sessão ‘Segurança do idoso’ (em parceria estratégica de ampliação de eficácia com GNR e Teleassistência); todas tiveram o cunho interativo da comunidade. Foram aditadas estratégias de transmissão e disponibilização de informação no domínio de comportamentos e adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis, difundida por panfletos e meios de comunicação social local, configurando complementaridade com ações educativas.Supõe-se que as ações desenvolvidas alteraram comportamentos e contribuíram para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos, uma vez que estimulam a participação, interação, integração e perspetivam o empowerment

Detecção e prevalência da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica oculta em gatos com mais de sete anos no âmbito de um programa de saúde preventiva

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Caracterização clínica, metabólica e hormonal de portadores de lipodistrofia parcial familiar

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015.