”Kyllähän nyt pitäs olla jo semmonen aika, että pääsis niin kö keskustelemhan näistä asioista.” Tutkimus lappilaisten sotavankien, partisaanien uhrien ja huutolaisten elämänkulusta, voimavaroista, terveydestä ja sairauksista

Research into the course of life, mental stamina and health status of wartime prisoners, victims of Soviet partisan attacks, and paupers in Finnish Lapland The basis of this research comprised the issues raised during the interviews conducted in my work as a general practitioner in Lapland, regarding factors that have possibly affected the life stories and health conditions of Lappish people who had lived through the war as war prisoners, victims of partisan attacks, or paupers. The purpose of the study was to describe how the different life phases and experiences emerged from the interviewees’ stories and to identify their mental stamina. Another goal was to make observations on their health status, in which the main emphasis became to address mental symptoms. The cohort consisted of elderly Finns who lived in Lapland during the war and experienced war imprisonment, pauperism, or became victims of partisan attacks. All three groups consisted of 12 interviewees. The interview transcripts were read several times and then investigated using the content analysis methods applicable to the material. The research methodology was based on building awareness and understanding. Thematic tagging and data coding were used as structured analysis tools. In all three groups most of the interviewees clearly identified their mental stamina, the most fundamental of which were home, family and work. The war prisoners’ injuries and nervous sensibility symptoms had been shown in earlier studies on war prisoners, and on this basis they had been granted disability pensions. However, many of them had suppressed their traumatic experiences and mental difficulties, and they could not talk about these issues until at the time of these interviews held at old age. Four of them still suffered from a post-traumatic stress disorder. The victims of Soviet partisans had had to carry their mental load alone for decades before the cruel ravages on civilians in remote areas of Lapland became publicly known. Most of them still had disturbing nervous sensibility symptoms. Four interviewees had a post-traumatic stress disorder, and in addition to these, the mental symptoms of one had developed into a post-traumatic stress disorder during old age. Many of the interviewees who had been left paupers remembered their childhood as filled with grief and feelings of inferiority, and had nightmares relating to their wartime experiences. Yet none of them suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. The results showed that the exceptional suffering caused by the war, the wartime imprisonment and the devastating attacks by Soviet partisans had led especially to mental difficulties. These were left almost completely unnoticed in the post-war conditions, and the war victims were unable to seek help on their own. Based on the results, our health care for the elderly should focus on familiarization with the individual experiences and life stories of each elderly person. This can facilitate geriatric diagnostics and individual therapy planning. Empathic familiarization with the life experiences of the elderly may strengthen their mental stamina and improve the quality of successful aging.

Drivers and Barriers of Collaboration in the Value Chain of Paperboard-Packed Consumer Goods

Value chain collaboration has been a prevailing topic for research, and there is a constantly growing interest in developing collaborative models for improved efficiency in logistics. One area of collaboration is demand information management, which enables improved visibility and decrease of inventories in the value chain. Outsourcing of non-core competencies has changed the nature of collaboration from intra-enterprise to cross-enterprise activity, and this together with increasing competition in the globalizing markets have created a need for methods and tools for collaborative work. The retailer part in the value chain of consumer packaged goods (CPG) has been studied relatively widely, proven models have been defined, and there exist several best practice collaboration cases. The information and communications technology has developed rapidly, offering efficient solutions and applications to exchange information between value chain partners. However, the majority of CPG industry still works with traditional business models and practices. This concerns especially companies operating in the upstream of the CPG value chain. Demand information for consumer packaged goods originates at retailers' counters, based on consumers' buying decisions. As this information does not get transferred along the value chain towards the upstream parties, each player needs to optimize their part, causing safety margins for inventories and speculation in purchasing decisions. The safety margins increase with each player, resulting in a phenomenon known as the bullwhip effect. The further the company is from the original demand information source, the more distorted the information is. This thesis concentrates on the upstream parts of the value chain of consumer packaged goods, and more precisely the packaging value chain. Packaging is becoming a part of the product with informative and interactive features, and therefore is not just a cost item needed to protect the product. The upstream part of the CPG value chain is distinctive, as the product changes after each involved party, and therefore the original demand information from the retailers cannot be utilized as such – even if it were transferred seamlessly. The objective of this thesis is to examine the main drivers for collaboration, and barriers causing the moderate adaptation level of collaborative models. Another objective is to define a collaborative demand information management model and test it in a pilot business situation in order to see if the barriers can be eliminated. The empirical part of this thesis contains three parts, all related to the research objective, but involving different target groups, viewpoints and research approaches. The study shows evidence that the main barriers for collaboration are very similar to the barriers in the lower part of the same value chain; lack of trust, lack of business case and lack of senior management commitment. Eliminating one of them – the lack of business case – is not enough to eliminate the two other barriers, as the operational model in this thesis shows. The uncertainty of the future, fear of losing an independent position in purchasing decision making and lack of commitment remain strong enough barriers to prevent the implementation of the proposed collaborative business model. The study proposes a new way of defining the value chain processes: it divides the contracting and planning process into two processes, one managing the commercial parts and the other managing the quantity and specification related issues. This model can reduce the resistance to collaboration, as the commercial part of the contracting process would remain the same as in the traditional model. The quantity/specification-related issues would be managed by the parties with the best capabilities and resources, as well as access to the original demand information. The parties in between would be involved in the planning process as well, as their impact for the next party upstream is significant. The study also highlights the future challenges for companies operating in the CPG value chain. The markets are becoming global, with toughening competition. Also, the technology development will most likely continue with a speed exceeding the adaptation capabilities of the industry. Value chains are also becoming increasingly dynamic, which means shorter and more agile business relationships, and at the same time the predictability of consumer demand is getting more difficult due to shorter product life cycles and trends. These changes will certainly have an effect on companies' operational models, but it is very difficult to estimate when and how the proven methods will gain wide enough adaptation to become standards.

Varasto- ja hankintamodulin kehittäminen toiminnanohjausjärjestelmään

Tässä diplomityössä tarkoituksena on kerätä yhteen toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän varasto- ja hankintamodulin kehittämisessä tarvittavaa teoriatietoa, sekä Nestix Oy:n asiakkaiden ja joidenkin muiden yritysten tarpeita kyseiselle ohjelmistolle. Teoria ja tarpeet yhdistetään karkeaksi ohjelmiston tarvemäärittelyksi, jonka perusteella Nestix Oy toteuttaa uudet modulit toiminnanohjausjärjestelmäänsä. Tutkimuksissa havaittiin, että yrityksillä on hyvin samankaltaisia tarpeita varastojen ja hankintojen hallintaan. Varastoinnin ja hankinnan prosessit poikkeavat hyvin vähän yritysten välillä. Samoja perinteisiä logistiikan perustyökaluja käytetään miltei kaikissa yrityksissä. Tulevaisuuden houkuttelevimpana kehitysalueena voidaan pitää ohjelmistojen internet-pohjaisuutta, joka mahdollistaa ohjelmiston käyttämisen mistäpäin maailmaa tahansa ilman erillisiä ohjelmistoasennuksia. Tutkimuksen jälkeen Nestix-ohjelmistoperheeseen toteutettiin integroidut hankinnan sekä varastoinnin modulit. Ohjelmaa on kehitetty tutkimuksen tekemisen jälkeen eteenpäin ja sitä on myyty useaan Euroopan maahan osana Nestix toiminnanohjausjärjestelmää.

Tailored Jeffamine molecular tools for ordering mesoporous Silica

Herein, we report the formation of organized mesoporous silica materials prepared from a novel nonionic gemini surfactant, myristoyl-end capped Jeffamine, synthesized from a polyoxyalkyleneamine (ED900). The behavior of the modified Jeffamine in water was first investigated. A direct micellar phase (L1) and a hexagonal (H1) liquid crystal were found. The structure of the micelles was investigated from the SAXS and the analysis by Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation (GIFT), which show that the particles are globular of coreshell type. The myristoyl chains, located at the ends of the amphiphile molecule are assembled to form the core of the micelles and, as a consequence, the molecules are folded over on themselves. Mesoporous materials were then synthesized from the self-assembly mechanism. The recovered materials were characterized by SAXS measurements, nitrogen adsorptiondesorption analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results clearly evidence that by modifying the synthesis parameters, such as the surfactant/silica precursor molar ratio and the hydrothermal conditions, one can control the size and the nanostructuring of the resulting material. It was observed that, the lower the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment, the better the mesopore ordering.

Empowering local democracy in Catalonia: tools and policy domains to implement a top-down solution

This article is the result of an ongoing research into a variety of features of Spanish local government. It aims, in particular, at providing a profile of the tools implemented by local authorities to improve local democracy in Catalonia. The main hypothesis of the work is that, even though the Spanish local model is constrained by a shared and unique set of legal regulations, local institutions in Catalonia have developed their own model of local participation. And the range of instruments like these is still now increasing. More specifically, the scope of this research is twofold. On the one hand, different types of instruments for public deliberation in the Catalan local administration system are identified and presented, based on the place they take in the policy cycle. On the other hand, we focus on policy domains and the quality of the decision-making processes. Researching the stability of the participation tools or whether local democracy prefers more 'ad hoc' processes allows us to analyze the boundaries/limits of local democracy in Catalonia. The main idea underlying this paper is that, despite the existence of a single legal model regulating municipalities in Catalonia, local authorities tend to use their legally granted selfmanagement capacities to design their own instruments which end up presenting perceivable distinct features, stressing democracy in different policy domains, and in diverse policy cycles. Therefore, this paper is intended to identify such models and to provide factors (variables) so that an explanatory model can be built.

Tilastollinen tutkimus ohjelmiston laatuun vaikuttavista tekijöistä

Tämä työ on tehty osana MASTO-tutkimushanketta, jonka tarkoituksena on kehittää ohjelmistotestauksen adaptiivinen referenssimalli. Työ toteutettiin tilastollisena tutkimuksena käyttäen survey-menetelmää. Tutkimuksessa haastateltiin 31 organisaatioyksikköä eri puolelta suomea, jotka tekevät keskikriittisiä sovelluksia. Tutkimuksen hypoteeseina oli laadun riippuvuus ohjelmistokehitysmenetelmästä, asiakkaan osallistumisesta, standardin toteutumisesta, asiakassuhteesta, liiketoimintasuuntautuneisuudesta, kriittisyydestä, luottamuksesta ja testauksen tasosta. Hypoteeseista etsittiin korrelaatiota laadun kanssa tekemällä korrelaatio ja regressioanalyysi. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin minkälaisia ohjelmistokehitykseen liittyviä käytäntöjä, menetelmiä ja työkaluja organisaatioyksiköissä käytettiin, ongelmia ja parannusehdotuksia liittyen ohjelmistotestaukseen, merkittävimpiä tapoja asiakkaan vaikuttamiseksi ohjelmiston laatuun sekä suurimpia hyötyjä ja haittoja ohjelmistokehityksen tai testauksen ulkoistamisessa. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että laatu korreloi positiivisesti ja tilastollisesti merkitsevästi testauksen tason, standardin toteutumisen, asiakasosallistumisen suunnitteluvaiheessa sekä asiakasosallistumisen ohjaukseen kanssa, luottamuksen ja yhden asiakassuhteeseen liittyvän osakysymyksen kanssa. Regressioanalyysin perusteella muodostettiin regressioyhtälö, jossa laadun todettiin positiivisesti riippuvan standardin toteutumisesta, asiakasosallistumisesta suunnitteluvaiheessa sekä luottamuksesta.

Logistisen tiedon hallita toimitusprojektissa

Distributed supply chains, tight delivery times and tailor made products are typical for international project business. This type of environment sets great challenges for logistics management. The scope of this work was to study logistics and information management in delivery projects. The logistic information of delivery project is divided into four categories: The information used to plan, execute and follow up the material flow and the information directly embedded into material flow. On the practical study the operations of the target company are dived into main processes supporting project execution. Logistic information is studied by modelling information flows between the processes. The aim was to identify the information crucial for project materials management and describe the flow of information between the processes. Results of the study show that the information related to execution of material flow is usually emphasized when it comes to operations and tools for data management. The traditional system tools poorly support the planning of material flow in project environment. In addition the significance of clearly defined and documented practices is highlighted.

Methods for assessing the sustainability of integrated municipal waste management and

The general striving to bring down the number of municipal landfills and to increase the reuse and recycling of waste-derived materials across the EU supports the debates concerning the feasibility and rationality of waste management systems. Substantial decrease in the volume and mass of landfill-disposed waste flows can be achieved by directing suitable waste fractions to energy recovery. Global fossil energy supplies are becoming more and more valuable and expensive energy sources for the mankind, and efforts to save fossil fuels have been made. Waste-derived fuels offer one potential partial solution to two different problems. First, waste that cannot be feasibly re-used or recycled is utilized in the energy conversion process according to EU’s Waste Hierarchy. Second, fossil fuels can be saved for other purposes than energy, mainly as transport fuels. This thesis presents the principles of assessing the most sustainable system solution for an integrated municipal waste management and energy system. The assessment process includes: · formation of a SISMan (Simple Integrated System Management) model of an integrated system including mass, energy and financial flows, and · formation of a MEFLO (Mass, Energy, Financial, Legislational, Other decisionsupport data) decision matrix according to the selected decision criteria, including essential and optional decision criteria. The methods are described and theoretical examples of the utilization of the methods are presented in the thesis. The assessment process involves the selection of different system alternatives (process alternatives for treatment of different waste fractions) and comparison between the alternatives. The first of the two novelty values of the utilization of the presented methods is the perspective selected for the formation of the SISMan model. Normally waste management and energy systems are operated separately according to the targets and principles set for each system. In the thesis the waste management and energy supply systems are considered as one larger integrated system with one primary target of serving the customers, i.e. citizens, as efficiently as possible in the spirit of sustainable development, including the following requirements: · reasonable overall costs, including waste management costs and energy costs; · minimum environmental burdens caused by the integrated waste management and energy system, taking into account the requirement above; and · social acceptance of the selected waste treatment and energy production methods. The integrated waste management and energy system is described by forming a SISMan model including three different flows of the system: energy, mass and financial flows. By defining the three types of flows for an integrated system, the selected factor results needed in the decision-making process of the selection of waste management treatment processes for different waste fractions can be calculated. The model and its results form a transparent description of the integrated system under discussion. The MEFLO decision matrix has been formed from the results of the SISMan model, combined with additional data, including e.g. environmental restrictions and regional aspects. System alternatives which do not meet the requirements set by legislation can be deleted from the comparisons before any closer numerical considerations. The second novelty value of this thesis is the three-level ranking method for combining the factor results of the MEFLO decision matrix. As a result of the MEFLO decision matrix, a transparent ranking of different system alternatives, including selection of treatment processes for different waste fractions, is achieved. SISMan and MEFLO are methods meant to be utilized in municipal decision-making processes concerning waste management and energy supply as simple, transparent and easyto- understand tools. The methods can be utilized in the assessment of existing systems, and particularly in the planning processes of future regional integrated systems. The principles of SISMan and MEFLO can be utilized also in other environments, where synergies of integrating two (or more) systems can be obtained. The SISMan flow model and the MEFLO decision matrix can be formed with or without any applicable commercial or free-of-charge tool/software. SISMan and MEFLO are not bound to any libraries or data-bases including process information, such as different emission data libraries utilized in life cycle assessments.

The Effect of Operational Disturbances on Reliability and Operation Time Distribution of NCmachine Tools in FMS

This thesis concentrates on studying the operational disturbance behavior of machine tools integrated into FMS. Operational disturbances are short term failures of machine tools which are especially disruptive to unattended or unmanned operation of FMS. The main objective was to examine the effect of operational disturbances on reliability and operation time distribution for machine tools. The theoretical part of the thesis covers the fimdamentals of FMS relating to the subject of this study. The concept of FMS, its benefits and operator's role in FMS operation are reviewed. The importance of reliability is presented. The terms describing the operation time of machine tools are formed by adopting standards and references. The concept of failure and indicators describing reliability and operational performance for machine tools in FMSs are presented. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research methodology which is a combination of automated (ADC) and manual data collection. By using this methodology it is possible to have a complete view of the operation time distribution for studied machine tools. Data collection was carried out in four FMSs consisting of a total of 17 machine tools. Each FMS's basic features and the signals of ADC are described. The indicators describing the reliability and operation time distribution of machine tools were calculated according to collected data. The results showed that operational disturbances have a significant influence on machine tool reliability and operational performance. On average, an operational disturbance occurs every 8,6 hours of operation time and has a down time of 0,53 hours. Operational disturbances cause a 9,4% loss in operation time which is twice the amount of losses caused by technical failures (4,3%). Operational disturbances have a decreasing influence on the utilization rate. A poor operational disturbance behavior decreases the utilization rate. It was found that the features of a part family to be machined and the method technology related to it are defining the operational disturbance behavior of the machine tool. Main causes for operational disturbances were related to material quality variations, tool maintenance, NC program errors, ATC and machine tool control. Operator's role was emphasized. It was found that failure recording activity of the operators correlates with the utilization rate. The more precisely the operators record the failure, the higher is the utilization rate. Also the FMS organizations which record failures more precisely have fewer operational disturbances.

Groupware and Workflow Tools - A Case study of SAP Business Workflow Supporting System Integration in a Global Telecommunication Company

Workflow management systems aim at the controlled execution of complex application processes in distributed and heterogeneous environments. These systems will shape the structure of information systems in business and non-business environments. E business and system integration is a fertile soil for WF and groupware tools. This thesis aims to study WF and groupware tools in order to gather in house knowledge of WF to better utilize WF solutions in future, and to focus on SAP Business Workflow in order to find a global solution for Application Link Enabling support for system integration. Piloting this solution in Nokia collects the experience of SAP R/3 WF tool for other development projects in future. The literary part of this study will guide to the world of business process automation providing a general description of the history, use and potentials of WF & groupware software. The empirical part of this study begins with the background of the case study describing the IT environment initiating the case by introducing SAP R/3 in Nokia, the communication technique in use and WF tool. Case study is focused in one solution with SAP Business Workflow. This study provides a concept to monitor communication between ERP systems and to increase the quality of system integration. Case study describes a way create support model for ALE/EDI interfaces. Support model includes monitoring organization and the workflow processes to solve the most common IDoc related errors.

Toimitusketjun mallinnuksen tarpeet ja rakenne LOCOMOTIVE projekstissa

Työn tavoitteena oli kuvata ja priorisoida toimitusketjun dynaamisen mallinnustyökalun vaatimukset, sekä muodostaa tämän pohjalta ohjelmistokehitystä tukeva oliomalli. Vaatimuksia selvitettiin teoreettisen tarkastelun, aiemmin toteutettujen kyselytutkimusten sekä viiden pilottitapauksen avulla. Toimitusketjun hallinta ei ole pelkästään materiaalivirtojen vaan myös näihin liittyvän informaation hallintaa. Holististen toimitusketjuongelmien mallintaminen edellyttää siis informaatiovirtojen ja niitä saatelevien ohjausmekanisemien mallintamista. Markkinoilla on selkeästi tilaa tukijärjestelmille, jotka mahdollistaisivat multidimensionaalisten - tuotto, aika, palvelu - toimitusketjuongelmien tarkastelun. Systeemidynamiikan teorian mukaisesti oliomallin lähtökohdaksi valittiin tärkeimpien takaisinkytkentäsilmukkojen mallinnus. Takaisinkytkentäsilmukoiden avulla kyetään mallintamaan kompleksisia systeemejä ajan suhteen. Mallinnetut toimitusketjujen takaisinkytkentäsilmukkat ovat operaatio-, ohjaus-, kysyntä- ja strategiasilmukka. Toimitusketjun ohjausmekanismien, sekä systeemidynamiikan perusteiden pohjalta mallinnustyökalun vaatimuksista muodostettiin oliomalli. Muodostettu oliomalli on Locomotiven - toimitusketjun mallinnustyökalun - perusta.

Reliability of intraoperative ultrasound in margin status assessment in women undergoing breast conserving surgery

Background: Effective treatment for breast cancer requires accurate preoperative planning, developing and implementing a consistent definition of margin clearance, and using tools that provide detailed real-time intraoperative information on margin status. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) may fulfil these requirements and may offer few advantages that other preoperative localization and intraoperative margin assessment techniques may notPurpose: The goal of the present work is to determine how accurate the intraoperative ultrasound should be to acquire complete surgical excision with negative histological margins in patients undergoing Breast Conservative SurgeryDesign: A diagnostic test study with a cross-sectional design carried out in a tertiary referral hospital in Girona within a Breast Pathology UnitParticipants: Women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing a Breast Conservative Surgery in the Breast Pathology Unit at Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta

Plan estratégico 2012-2105 para la empresa Automatizaciones Eléctricas, SL

La empresa moderna, se encuentra en una situación actual de incertidumbre en la que además está más expuesta a factores externos con el aumento de la competencia y el impacto de la globalización. Se enfrenta a un panorama que debe ser gestionado adecuadamente para asegurar su supervivencia y el éxito de su existencia. En este TFC, se presenta una de las herramientas ‘buque insignia’ del Management moderno, aquella que está destinada a ser la base de la Gestión de la empresa y que cada vez más se hace imprescindible para la construcción de un futuro cada vez más incierto, la Planificación Estratégica. El Plan Estratégico 2012-2015 de AESL se desarrolla en varios apartados que intentarán dar con las claves de la dirección que la empresa debe seguir y propone los objetivos que encontrará a través de la puesta en marcha de las acciones y estrategias determinadas. La primera etapa, y la más extensa, realiza un Análisis de la situación externa e interna de la empresa además de un Diagnóstico de la misma. Se analizan diversos factores que pueden contribuir o hacer peligrar el futuro de la empresa, y constituye el punto de partida de la planificación. En la segunda etapa, y con la información de la anterior fase, comienza la fijación de los Objetivos Corporativos y la definición de las Decisiones Estratégicas que han de transformar nuestro rumbo actual en el logro de esos objetivos. Las estrategias no sólo comportarán un ámbito corporativo, también se centrarán en estrategias funcionales con un carácter más definitorio en el interior de la empresa. Por último, la tercera y última etapa, aglutinará todas estas Decisiones estratégicas para transformarlas en las Decisiones Operativas, aquellas que se encargarán de gestionar el día a día de la empresa a través de los Planes de Acción, que suponen la etapa de mayor concreción del Plan. Este Plan a 3 años deberá erigirse como la herramienta de planificación más importante de la empresa, debiendo guiar las principales decisiones tomadas y convirtiéndose en un instrumento de consulta no sólo para decidir hoy lo que se hará en el futuro sino también para mantener unos niveles altos de competitividad en el tremendo esfuerzo que supone la gestión de una PYME.

Pankin sisäisen siirtohinnoittelun merkitys ohjauksessa - tapaustutkimus Suomessa toimivasta pankista

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia, miten pankin käyttämä siirtohinnoittelumenetelmä toimii osana pankin ohjausjärjestelmää ja siten tukee organisaation kykyä ja motivaatioita toimia koko pankin kannalta kannattavasti. Ilmiötä tutkittiin tapaustutkimuksena Suomessa toimivassa pankissa. Tutkimuksessa kävi ilmi, että yrityksessä on meneillään siirtohinnoittelumallin muutosprojekti. Projektin tarkoituksena on parantaa kannattavuusseurantaa ja pitkällä tähtäimellä mallin on tarkoitus toimia strategian jalkauttamisen työvälineenä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että siirtohinnoittelumallin keskeisin haaste on saada se sopeutumaan riittävän nopeasti markkinaolosuhteiden muutoksiin siten, että se tukee pankin strategisia tavoitteita. Konttoreiden tulosohjauksessa painotetaan tuloksen lisäksi erilaisia mittaristoja, jotka kuvaavat monipuolisemmin tulosyksikön suoriutumista. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä havaittiin, että siirtohinnoittelumalli voi olla erinomainen johtamisen työkalu, jos se huomioi yrityskohtaiset, taloudelliseen toimintaympäristöön ja yrityksen strategiaan liittyvät erityisvaateet.

Strategic Development of Electricity Distribution Networks – Concept and Methods

Strategic development of distribution networks plays a key role in the asset management in electricity distribution companies. Owing to the capital-intensive nature of the field and longspan operations of companies, the significance of a strategy is emphasised. A well-devised strategy combines awareness of challenges posed by the operating environment and the future targets of the distribution company. Economic regulation, ageing infrastructure, scarcity of resources and tightening supply requirements with challenges created by the climate change put a pressure on the strategy work. On the other hand, technology development related to network automation and underground cabling assists in answering these challenges. This dissertation aims at developing process knowledge and establishing a methodological framework by which key issues related to network development can be addressed. Moreover, the work develops tools by which the effects of changes in the operating environment on the distribution business can be analysed in the strategy work. To this end, the work discusses certain characteristics of the distribution business and describes the strategy process at a principle level. Further, the work defines the subtasks in the strategy process and presents the key elements in the strategy work and long-term network planning. The work delineates the factors having either a direct or indirect effect on strategic planning and development needs in the networks; in particular, outage costs constitute an important part of the economic regulation of the distribution business, reliability being thus a key driver in network planning. The dissertation describes the methodology and tools applied to cost and reliability analyses in the strategy work. The work focuses on determination of the techno-economic feasibility of different network development technologies; these feasibility surveys are linked to the economic regulation model of the distribution business, in particular from the viewpoint of reliability of electricity supply and allowed return. The work introduces the asset management system developed for research purposes and to support the strategy work, the calculation elements of the system and initial data used in the network analysis. The key elements of this asset management system are utilised in the dissertation. Finally, the study addresses the stages of strategic decision-making and compilation of investment strategies. Further, the work illustrates implementation of strategic planning in an actual distribution company environment.