A atitude dos professores em relação às vantagens da inclusão

A inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais no ensino regular tem vindo a revelar-se um desafio tremendo para os professores, que têm tentado incluir as crianças com deficiência sem negligenciar as necessidades das crianças ditas normais. Os professores assumem, assim, um papel determinante na promoção da educação inclusiva, que está fortemente ligada às atitudes dos professores face aos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais. O objectivo deste estudo é então investigar as atitudes gerais dos professores, determinando o modo como estes percepcionam as vantagens da inclusão quer para os alunos ditos normais quer para os alunos com deficiência e perceber de que forma essas atitudes são influenciáveis, tendo em conta a experiência profissional, a experiência no ensino de alunos com deficiência e a formação inicial dos docentes. A amostra foi constituída por 640 professores do ensino regular (N=463 do género feminino e N=177 do género masculino). Foi aplicado o APIAD – Atitudes dos Professores face à Inclusão de Alunos com Deficiência (Leitão, 2011). Concluiu-se que os docentes com menos de 5 anos de serviço apresentam atitudes gerais mais favoráveis em relação à inclusão (p=0,000) e em relação às vantagens da inclusão para os alunos ditos normais (p=0,024), quando comparados com o grupo com mais de 10 anos de experiência. Quanto à experiência no ensino de alunos com deficiência, os resultados indicaram que os professores com experiência possuem atitudes mais favoráveis, do que aqueles que não têm experiência, quer gerais (p=0,000) quer face às vantagens da inclusão (p=0,023) quer ainda às vantagens da inclusão para os alunos com deficiência (p=0,013). No que se refere à formação inicial, os professores, com contacto com alunos com deficiência durante a sua formação, revelaram atitudes gerais mais positivas (p=0,000) do que os professores sem essa formação inicial, o mesmo acontecendo no que se refere às atitudes percepcionadas no que diz respeito às vantagens da inclusão (p=0,016) e às vantagens da inclusão para os alunos com deficiência (p=0,006)

Eu contigo, tu comigo, todos juntos: estratégias de inclusão de uma criança com diagnóstico de trissomia 21 numa turma de ensino regular

Numa época em que todas as crianças com necessidades educativas especiais estão a frequentar as escolas regulares, é fundamental repensar as práticas educativas e até que ponto são ou não condutoras de uma escola inclusiva. Este estudo acompanhou a inclusão de uma criança com diagnóstico de trissomia 21 numa turma de 1º ano. A intervenção foi realizada semanalmente, de fevereiro a junho de 2012, tendo cada sessão a duração de uma hora e trinta minutos. Utilizando como metodologia para desenvolver o projeto a modalidade qualitativa investigação-ação, as técnicas aplicadas foram a pesquisa documental, a observação naturalista, a sociometria e a entrevista. Após a caracterização da situação inicial programou-se a intervenção em parceria com a professora titular de turma, tendo sempre como preocupação o grupo/turma como um todo. Para desenvolver a intervenção recorremos a metodologias de aprendizagem cooperativa, ensino diferenciado e parceria pedagógica. A análise dos resultados indica que através do recurso a práticas de educação inclusiva é possível a inclusão de crianças com diagnóstico de trissomia 21 no ensino regular.

Evaluating the efficacy of monaural vs. binaural FM fittings in children with auditory processing disorders

The purpose of this project was to determine whether a monaural FM or binaural FM fitting strategy is more appropriate for children with Auditory Processing Disorders.

Challenges and barriers to early intervention services for children with hearing impairments between the ages of 0-3 years

This paper discusses early intervention programs in accordance with IDEA for hearing impaired children.

The effectiveness of phonics instruction for children with hearing impairments

This study reports the findings of a reading instruction survey of forty-five schools for the deaf across the United States.

Quality of life measure for adolescents and children with hearing loss

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of adolescents and children. Focus group sessions were held for parents and children or adolescents with hearing loss to discuss their perceptions. Quality of life questionnaires were developed for adolescents and children with hearing loss.

Children with hearing loss who also have special talents

Access to thesis is restricted. Contact Archives and Rare Books. This paper discusses children who have special learning problems.

Quality of life in children with unilateral hearing loss: a pilot study

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of unilateral hearing loss on the quality of life of children. Focus group sessions were held for parents and children or adolescents with unilateral hearing loss to discuss their perceptions. Parents and children or adolescents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Findings were presented depicting which domains of quality of life are most affected.

Acceptance of deafness: a study of family strategies and needs

This paper studies the acceptance strategies used by family members of hearing-impaired children. The study looks at how parents view conferences, counseling and meetings with hearing professionals and other parents of deaf children.

Understanding the communication needs of individuals with hearing loss in the workplace

The purpose of this project was to determine the specific needs of individuals with hearing impairment in the workplace. Focus groups were conducted with this population to evaluate needs. Results are depicted as specific concerns noted throughout the focus groups.

Identification of factors predicting spoken language development in young children with a cochlear implant

This paper examines the factors that are significant predictors of spoken language acquisition in children with cochlear implants. Factors identified include age of cochlear implantation, age of diagnosis, age started hearing aid use, parent educational level, and family income.

An analysis of grammatical errors by children with cochlear implants

Spontaneous writing samples of deaf children with cochlear implants were analyzed for syntactic errors and other descriptive characteristics. These results were compared to a small sample of writings from hearing children.

Reading comprehension and oral reading fluency of deaf children with cochlear implants

This study investigates whether deaf children with cochlear implants have oral reading fluency scores comparable to reading-age matched hearing peers. It also examines the reading comprehension skills of deaf children with cochlear implants.

Evaluation of the inclusion of a mixture of organic acids or lactulose into the feed of pigs experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

A mixture of organic acids and lactulose for preventing or reducing colonization of the gut by Salmonella Typhimurium was evaluated in pigs. A total of 63 4-week-old commercial piglets were randomly distributed into three different experimental dietary groups: a plain diet without additives (PD) and the same diet supplemented with either 0.4% (w/v) formic acid and 0.4% lactic acid (w/v) (AC) or 1% (w/v) lactulose (LC). After 7 days of adaptation, two-thirds of the pigs (14 from each diet) were challenged with a 2-mL oral dose of 10(8) CFU/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium, leaving the remaining animals unchallenged (UC). After 4 and 10 days post-challenge, pigs were euthanized and the ileum and caecum content were aseptically sampled to (a) quantify lactic, formic, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), (b) quantify bacterial populations and Salmonella by fluorescence in situ hybridization and (c) qualitatively analyse bacterial populations through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Modification of fermentation products and counts of some of the bacterial groups analysed in the challenged pigs receiving the treatments AC and LC were minimal. Treatments only influenced the bacterial diversity after 10 days post-challenge, with AC generating a lower number of DGGE bands than UC(P < 0.05). Neither the inclusion of a mixture of 0.4% (w/v) formic and 0.4% (w/v) lactic acids nor of 1% (w/v) lactulose in the feed influenced numbers of Salmonella in the ileum and caecum of experimentally challenged pigs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.