985 resultados para Diabetes - Complicações e sequelas - Teses


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Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2006

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Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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Dissertação de mestrado, Gestão Empresarial, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

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Tese de doutoramento, Enfermagem, Universidade de Lisboa, com a participação da Escola Superior de Enfermagem, 2014

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Tese de doutoramento, Direito (Ciências Jurídico-Políticas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2014

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Tese de doutoramento, Medicina (Neurocirurgia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

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Tese de mestrado em Bioquímica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of chronic morbidity and loss of quality of life, and it seems to be increasing in the coming decades. Overall prevalence of diabetes in Portugal in 2010, according to the latest National Observatory of Diabetes Report, was 12.4%, which corresponds to a total of approximately 991 thousand individuals aged between 20 and 79 years. The level of control of diabetes mellitus, as measured by glycosilated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) influences the long-term risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Given the frequent association of diabetes with hypertension/dyslipidemia/overweight, managing these risk factors is a crucial part of the diabetes control.

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Introduction: Prevention, early detection and management of diabetes are fundamental for stopping this present epidemic. Medication review may contribute to the early detection of negative clinical outcomes risk factors associated to the use of medicines. Aims: To use the medication review to identify the situations that may lead to clinical negative outcomes, described as findings, in the process of medicines use in type 2 diabetic patients. To verify if the inclusion criteria list of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia for medication review allows identifying patients of higher risks of obtaining clinical negative outcomes.

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Tese de doutoramento, Medicina (Medicina Interna), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

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Tese de doutoramento, Bioquímica (Genética Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

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Tese de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Genética, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015

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Tese de doutoramento, Medicina (Imunologia Clínica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2016

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Tese de mestrado, Doenças Metabólicas e Comportamento Alimentar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013

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Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by defects in β-cells function, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and endogenous glucose production (1). It is widely accepted that insulin and exercise are potent stimuli for glucose transport (2). Acute exercise is known to promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an intact contraction stimulated mechanism (3), while post-exercise improvements in glucose control are due to insulin-dependant mechanisms (2). Hypoxia is also known to promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle using the contraction stimulated pathway. This has been shown to occur in vitro via an increase in β-cell function, however data in vivo is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute hypoxia with and without exercise on insulin sensitivity (SI2*), glucose effectiveness (SG2*) and β-cell function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Following an overnight fast, six type 2 diabetics, afer giving informed written consent, completed 60 min of the following: 1) normoxic rest (Nor Rest); 2) hypoxic rest [Hy Rest; O2 = 14.6 (0.4)%]; 3) normoxic exercise (Nor Ex); 4) hypoxic exercise [Hy Ex; O2 = 14.6 (0.4)%]. Exercise trails were set at 90% of lactate threshold. Each condition was followed by a labelled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to provide estimations of SI2*, SG2* and β-cell function. Values are presented as means (SEM). Two-compartmental minimal model analysis showed SI2* to be higher following Hy Rest when comparisons were made with Nor Rest (P = 0.047). SI2* was also higher following Hy Ex [4.37 (0.48) x10-4 . min-1 (μU/ml)] compared to Nor Ex [3.24 (0.51) x10-4 . min-1 (μU/ml)] (P = 0.048). Acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) was reduced following Hy Rest vs. Nor Rest (P = 0.014 - Table 1). This study demonstrated that 1) hypoxia has the ability to increase glucose disposal; 2) hypoxic-induced improvements in glucose tolerance in the 4 hr following exposure can be attributed to improvements in peripheral SI2*; 3) resting hypoxic exposure improves β-cell function and 4) exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on SG2* in type 2 diabetics. These findings suggest a possible use for hypoxia both with and without exercise in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes.