Características físicas, somatotipo e desempenho de corredores de 100 e 400 metros no Rio Grande do Norte

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate physical characteristics and to examine association between somatotype and performance in collegiate runners of 100 m and 400 m. Methods: The sample, male runners (n=39) competing at the regional level in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, had height, body mass, skinfolds, limb circumference and skeletal breadths measured. Then, the somatotype was calculated by Health-Carter method. Races (100 m and 400 m) were held to assess athletic performance. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the total sample, as well as for the 100 m and 400 m groups, and established four subgroups, named quartiles. For analysis between groups of runners (100 m x 400 m) was used Student's t test for independent samples. To examine the relationship between the race times and anthropometric variables, was used the Pearson correlation test. The somatotype dispersion distance and somatotype spatial distance were calculated among subgroups. One-way analysis of variance, the Wilcoxon test followed of Tukey post test, and correlation analysis were used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Somatotype with mesomorphy and ectomorphy dominance was exhibited by 100 m and 400 m athletes. Endomorphy was low in both groups, especially in 400m runners, who had more elongated body types than 100 m runners. When separately compared by athletic performance quartile, 100 m sprinters of better qualifications (G100-G1) had somatotype with dominant mesomorphy, whereas 400 m runners had somatotype with dominant ectomorphy. A significant correlation (r = -0.55, p=0.008) between calf circumference and 100 m race times was observed showing the importance of muscularity, whereas a significant correlation was found between height and 400 m race times (r = -0.53, p=0.02) showing the importance of linearity. Conclusion: Runners of 100 and 400 may show differences in physical characteristics, depending on the level of athletic performance. Anthropometric periodic evaluations may help in the training process of these athletes. However, more specific assessment parameters should be taken into account, because somatotype by itself has not power to predict whether an individual will succeed in racing speed

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho-doce BR 400 (bt) em função do teor de água na colheita e da temperatura de secagem

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho-doce em função do teor de água na colheita e da temperatura de secagem em espiga. O experimento foi instalado na área experimental da FCA/Unesp, Botucatu-SP. Utilizou-se a cultivar BR 400 (bt) 'Super doce'. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, constituindo os tratamentos as épocas de colheitas. As colheitas das espigas foram iniciadas após a maturidade fisiológica; após despalhadas e divididas em duas porções, as espigas foram submetidas a secagem em estufas com circulação forçada nas temperaturas de 30 e 40ºC. Foi utilizada uma testemunha com sementes secadas no campo com 10,1% de teor de água. Foram determinados os teores de água das sementes, inicial e após a secagem, de todas as colheitas. Após a secagem, as espigas foram debulhadas manualmente, as sementes acondicionadas em saco de papel e armazenadas em condições ambientais de laboratório. As avaliações da qualidade fisiológica das sementes (emergência de plântulas no campo, índice de velocidade de emergência, matéria seca de plântulas, germinação, vigor-primeira contagem do teste de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio, condutividade elétrica e teores de Ca, Mg, K e Na lixiviados na solução do teste de condutividade elétrica) foram realizadas antes e após seis meses de armazenamento. As sementes de milho-doce cultivar BR 400 (bt), com teor de água igual ou menor do que 35%, podem ser submetidas à secagem em espiga a temperatura de 30 ou 40ºC, sem perdas significativas em sua qualidade fisiológica.

Micro Welding of Ni-based Alloy Monel 400 Thin Foil by Pulsed Nd:YAG laser

In this study a pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to join Monel 400 thin foil with 100 mu m thickness. Pulse energy was varied from 1.0 to 2.25J at small increments of 0.25J. The macro and microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy, tensile shear test and microhardness. Sound laser welds without discontinuities were obtained with 1.5 J pulse energy. Results indicate that using a precise control of the pulse energy, and so a control of the bottom foil dilution rate, it is possible to weld Monel 400 thin foil. The process appeared to be very sensitive to the gap between couples.

Systematic analysis of the Fourier transform spectrum of (CH3OH)-C-13 between 400 and 950 cm(-1)

We have investigated a high-resolution Fourier transform (FT) absorption spectrum of the (CH3OH)-C-13 isotopomer of methanol from 400 to 950 cm(-1) with the Ritz program. We present the assignments of 7160 transitions, 3021 of which belong to Asymmetry, and 4139 to E-symmetry. These transitions occur between states labeled by K quantum numbers up to 14, and by torsional quantum numbers n up to 4. The Ritz program evaluated the energies of the 4684 involved levels with an accuracy of the order of 10(-4) cm(-1). All of the assigned lines correspond to transitions involving torsionally excited levels within the ground small-amplitude vibrational state. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

U-ages in soils and groundwater evidencing wet periods 400-600 kyr ago in southeast Brazil

U-238 and its radiogenic daughter U-234 have been utilized for dating soil formation and groundwater residence time during the last 1.5 million years, in this case based on the U-clissolution/precipitation occurring during modifications of the oxidation-reduction conditions. In this paper, we report a 400-600 kyr proxy of wet periods from sediments occurring in a soil profile developed over rocks outcropping at the Parana sedimentary basin in Brazil, and from groundwater exploited of Guarani aquifer at the same basin. The approaches indicated successful use of the U-modeled ages for suggesting wet periods exceeding the past 116-210 kyr from previous studies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of structural surface modified tin oxide membrane prepared by sol-gel route sintered at 400 degrees C

This work describes the chemical modification by Tiron(R) molecules of the surface of SnO2 nanoparticles used to prepare nanoporous membranes. Samples prepared with Tiron(R) content between 1 and 20 wt% and fired at 400 C were characterised by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), N-2 adsorption isotherms analysis and permeation experiments. XRPD and EXAFS results show a continuous reduction of crystallite size by increasing the Tiron(R) contents until 7.5 wt%. The control exercised by Tiron(R) modifying agent in crystallite growth allows the fine tuning of the average pore size that can be screened from 0.4 to 4 nm as the amount of grafted molecules decreases from 10 to 0 wt%. In consequence, the membrane cut-off can be screened from 1500 to 3500 g.mol(-1).

Reproductive biology of two macrourid fish, Nezumia aequalis and Coelorinchus mediterraneus, inhabiting the NW Mediterranean continental margin (400-2000m)

Nezumia aequalis and Coelorinchus mediterraneus are abundant species on the upper and lower continental slopes, respectively, in the Mediterranean Sea. A study on the reproductive strategy of the two species was conducted on the Catalan margin (NW Mediterranean). The reproductive cycle of both species was investigated using visual analyses of gonads and histological screening. The shallower species, N. aequalis, showed continuous reproduction with a peak of spawning females in winter months. In contrast, the deeper-living species, C. mediterraneus, showed semi-continuous reproduction with a regression period during the spring. Juveniles of N. aequalis were present in all seasons, but most abundant in the spring. Only two juveniles of C. mediterraneus were found. Both species had asynchronous oocyte development. The average fecundity of N. aequalis was 10,630 oocytes per individual, lower than known for the same species in the Atlantic Ocean. The fecundity of C. mediterraneus was measured for the first time in this study, with an average of 7693 oocytes per individual. Males of both species appear to have semi-cystic spermatogenesis. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic parameters from 3-minute all-out tethered swimming and 400-m maximal front crawl effort

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improved MAOD but is not correlated with 200- and 400-m running performances: a double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute supplementation of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) determined by a single supramaximal effort (MAODALT) in running and the correlation with 200- and 400-m running performances. Fifteen healthy men (age, 23 ± 4 years; maximal oxygen uptake, 50.6 ± 6.1 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) underwent a maximal incremental exercise test and 2 supramaximal efforts at 110% of the intensity associated with maximal oxygen uptake, which was carried out after ingesting either 0.3 g·kg(-1) body weight NaHCO3 or a placebo (dextrose) and completing 200- and 400-m performance tests. The study design was double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled. Significant differences were found between the NaHCO3 and placebo conditions for MAODALT (p = 0.01) and the qualitative inference for substantial changes showed a very likely positive effect (98%). The lactic anaerobic contribution in the NaHCO3 ingestion condition was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and showed a very likely positive effect (99% chance), similar to that verified for peak blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01). No difference was found for time until exhaustion (p = 0.19) or alactic anaerobic contribution (p = 0.81). No significant correlations were observed between MAODALT and 200- and 400-m running performance tests. Therefore, we can conclude that both MAODALT and the anaerobic lactic metabolism are modified after acute NaHCO3 ingestion, but it is not correlated with running performance.

Projeto e usinagem do cabeçote para um motor 4 tempos, a gasolina, monocilíndrico de 400 cc e refrigerado a ar

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

400 anos do De Legibus de Francisco SUAREZ (1548-1617)

O artigo destaca a importância da contribuição de Francisco SUAREZ (1548- 1617) para a evolução do direito internacional, com ênfase nas questões práticas que este teve de enfrentar para formular soluções legais – o dado central da obra é a afirmação da unidade intrínseca da humanidade, em comunidade internacional formando um todo, apesar de dividida em povos e reinos. Observa o caráter de continuidade histórica entre o legado medieval e o Direito Internacional moderno, do qual o tratado Das leis e Deus legislador (1612) foi marco relevante.

Evolución de un acuario de 400 m3 que reproduce un ecosistema coralino: seguimiento de parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos durante su fase de maduración

Máster Universitario International en Acuicultura. Trabajo realizado en el Museo Oceanográfico de Mónaco y presentado como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Máster Universitario Internacional en Acuicultura, otorgado por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), el Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), y el Centro Internacional de Altos Estudios Agronómicos Mediterráneos de Zaragoza (CIHEAM)