From "ecological tourism" to "ecotourism": lexical analysis of an emerging tourism

From ecological tourism to ecotourism: lexical analysis of an emerging tourism. This article deals with the lexicon created in connection with a recent form of tourism: the ecological tourism or ecotourism. The rise of this type of tourism encourages the creation of new concepts and products that are named with new words and expressions with different procedures of formation. From the name itself ecotourism, then expressed as the acronym ecotourism, we analyze the formation of other related words, as well as their formal variation and use. For this, we have worked with a specific corpus of electronic tourist texts and different digital sources and databases.

Improving Readability of Swedish Electronic Health Records through Lexical Simplification : First Results

This paper describes part of an ongoing effort to improve the readability of Swedish electronic health records (EHRs). An EHR contains systematic documentation of a single patient’s medical history across time, entered by healthcare professionals with the purpose of enabling safe and informed care. Linguistically, medical records exemplify a highly specialised domain, which can be superficially characterised as having telegraphic sentences involving displaced or missing words, abundant abbreviations, spelling variations including misspellings, and terminology. We report results on lexical simplification of Swedish EHRs, by which we mean detecting the unknown, out-ofdictionary words and trying to resolve them either as compounded known words, abbreviations or misspellings.

Bilingual Lexical Access in Reading : Analyzing the Effect of Semantic Context on Non-Selective Access in Bilingual Memory

Recent empirical studies about the neurological executive nature of reading in bilinguals differ in their evaluations of the degree of selective manifestation in lexical access as implicated by data from early and late reading measures in the eye-tracking paradigm. Currently two scenarios are plausible: (1) Lexical access in reading is fundamentally language non-selective and top-down effects from semantic context can influence the degree of selectivity in lexical access; (2) Cross-lingual lexical activation is actuated via bottom-up processes without being affected by top-down effects from sentence context. In an attempt to test these hypotheses empirically, this study analyzed reader-text events arising when cognate facilitation and semantic constraint interact in a 22 factorially designed experiment tracking the eye movements of 26 Swedish-English bilinguals reading in their L2. Stimulus conditions consisted of high- and low-constraint sentences embedded with either a cognate or a non-cognate control word. The results showed clear signs of cognate facilitation in both early and late reading measures and in either sentence conditions. This evidence in favour of the non-selective hypothesis indicates that the manifestation of non-selective lexical access in reading is not constrained by top-down effects from semantic context.

Lexical Interference in Semantic Processing of Simple Words: Implications for Brand Names

This study provides evidence for a Stroop-like interference effect in word recognition. Based on phonologic and semantic properties of simple words, participants who performed a same/different word-recognition task exhibited a significant response latency increase when word pairs (e.g., POLL, ROD) featured a comparison word (POLL) that was a homonym of a synonym (pole) of the target word (ROD). These results support a parallel-processing framework of lexical decision making, in which activation of the pathways to word recognition may occur at different levels automatically and in parallel. A subset of simple words that are also brand names was examined and exhibited this same interference. Implications for word recognition theory and practical implications for strategic marketing are discussed.

Cross-linguistic influences in the phonetic and lexical component in English, Baque and Spanish: Contextual and individual factors in language acquisition and attrition.

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VARIAÇÃO LEXICAL: UM OLHAR PARA A FORMAÇÃO CULTURAL DO FALANTE

O Oeste paranaense, última área do Estado do Paraná a ser colonizada, teve na sua história a presença de grupos distintos que povoaram as localidades em diferentes momentos e, por isso, esta região pode ser descrita pelo seu polimorfismo linguístico. Esses distintos momentos do povoamento da região culminaram, de acordo com Busse (2010), na transferência, na troca e na adoção de elementos da cultura e também da língua dos diferentes grupos que aqui se reuniram. A investigação sobre as variantes lexicais podem fornecer uma percepção do percurso da história das variantes lexicais selecionadas, buscando definir quais as variantes trazidas pelos grupos de origem e quais as variantes trazidas pelos grupos que migraram para essa região recentemente encontram-se mais preservadas, considerando que as variantes trazidas pelos primeiros migrantes (sulistas) são as mais prestigiadas e aquelas trazidas pelos migrantes mais recentes (paulistas e mineiros) são as formas menos prestigiadas (inovadoras) da língua e assim, por meio da descrição das variantes semântico-lexicais, identificaremos qual a geração, a faixa etária e o sexo do grupo que preserva as formas dos grupos de origem.

ALTERNATION ON LEXICAL ITEMS OF THE BRASILDEUTSCH

Nowadays, studies about the Brasildeutsch still bring into question a lot of controversial discussions concerning to the use of German-speaking in inter-ethnic communities. In our country, mostly in the south, but especially in the community of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, we still have, in the dialogues of German immigrant speakers and their descendents, the use of Brasildeutsch lexicon-phonemics neologisms, which appears in verbal interactions of lexical alternations by means of German formal speaking juxtaposition with regional/local dialects of the mother tongue and the Brazilian-Portuguese speaking. In this way, we aim to discuss the Brasildeutsch term and the use of lexical items on musical instruments in the situations of verbal interactions of these German immigrants.

O COMPORTAMENTO SEMÂNTICO DO PREFIXO "DES-": QUESTÕES DE POLISSEMIA E PRODUTIVIDADE LEXICAL

Este artigo desenvolve uma discussão acerca da semântica dos itens lexicais. Mais exatamente, o objetivo aqui é apresentar alguns resultados obtidos com o desenvolvimento de pesquisa com base no comportamento semântico do prefixo des-. São observados não apenas os vários sentidos admitidos pelo morfema, mas também a questão da sua produtividade lexical. As análises realizadas tomam por referência teórica tanto autores consagrados no âmbito das gramáticas tradicionais como estudos desenvolvidos pela Linguística Teórica. Fez-se um levantamento dos valores semânticos atribuídos ao prefixo des- a fim de que se possam considerar esses teores e propor uma nova sistematização de possibilidades semânticas para o morfema pesquisado. O material utilizado para as análises foi o jornal Observatório da Imprensa em versão online. Vale lembrar que se consideram, neste estudo, uma discussão sobre os significados da base, o significado que o prefixo des- empresta à base com a qual se coliga e o ambiente de ocorrência da palavra prefixada.

O Campo Lexical Meios de Transporte na Libras

Resumo: Ao se organizar dicionários bilíngues, uma das dificuldades é a não equivalência dos itens lexicais das línguas com relação ao processo de formação lexical porque as perspectivas culturais interferem na relação linguagem-pensamento que moldam as relações fono-morfossintático-discursiva de cada língua. Refletindo sobre essa questão como relação a línguas de modalidades diferentes, como a Libras e a Língua Portuguesa, é possível constatar que nem sempre é possível estabelecer uma equivalência entre os seus itens léxicas porque eles podem se materializar como lexia simples ou composta, mas podem ser expressões lexicalizadas. Por isso, nesse artigo, pretendo refletir sobre a possibilidade de certas configurações de mãos serem lexemas que podem se constituir como radicais ou como classificadores em de itens lexicais e em expressões lexicalizadas que podem ser agrupados em um determinado campo léxico-semântico. A partir desse enfoque, será realizada uma análise do conjunto de lexias para meios de transportes na Libras, disponibilizado no link ASSUNTO do Dicionário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - INES.

Ownerships for reasoning about parallelism : type system and semantics

Technical Report to accompany Ownership for Reasoning About Parallelism. Documents type system which captures effects and the operational semantics for the language which is presented as part of the paper.

Augmenting web service discovery by cognitive semantics and abduction

We argue that web service discovery technology should help the user navigate a complex problem space by providing suggestions for services which they may not be able to formulate themselves as (s)he lacks the epistemic resources to do so. Free text documents in service environments provide an untapped source of information for augmenting the epistemic state of the user and hence their ability to search effectively for services. A quantitative approach to semantic knowledge representation is adopted in the form of semantic space models computed from these free text documents. Knowledge of the user’s agenda is promoted by associational inferences computed from the semantic space. The inferences are suggestive and aim to promote human abductive reasoning to guide the user from fuzzy search goals into a better understanding of the problem space surrounding the given agenda. Experimental results are discussed based on a complex and realistic planning activity.