Flexibilité des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et intention de quitter des salariés.

Cette recherche s’intéresse au concept de la GRH à la carte et à son influence sur l’intention de départ des salariés. Pour ce faire, nous avons dû définir les différentes composantes qui entourent notre concept principal, nous faisons référence aux espaces de choix relatifs à l’organisation et à l’aménagement du temps de travail, aux espaces de choix relatifs à la rémunération, à la formation, etc. Dans leur description, ces pratiques qu’on trouve au coeur du concept de la GRH à la carte nous permettent de prendre conscience que la gestion des ressources humaines connaît une nouvelle facette. Celle-ci s’explique principalement par le souci des entreprises d’aujourd’hui de se rapprocher des attentes de leurs salariés, en leur offrant un certain nombre d’espaces de choix dans leur emploi. Les gestionnaires des ressources humaines parlent alors de personnalisation des pratiques des RH, ce qui exige une certaine flexibilité de la part des organisations. Ainsi, l’élaboration de notre étude nous a permis de présenter un modèle théorique dont l’objectif est de tester l’influence de la flexibilité des différents espaces de choix de la GRH à la carte sur l’intention de départ souvent manifestée par les salariés. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de l’analyse multivariée appliquée à des données d’une institution bancaire haïtienne mettent en évidence l’impact significatif de certaines pratiques et le rôle médiateur du sentiment d’autodétermination dans la décision des salariés. Mots clés : Intention de départ volontaire, flexibilité des pratiques de la GRH à la carte, sentiment d’auto-détermination

Application de la notion d'intention artistique dans l'enseignement des arts plastiques dans les écoles primaires au Québec

La présente recherche porte sur l’existence d’un décalage entre la création artistique dans l’art contemporain et l’enseignement des arts plastiques au primaire au Québec. Plus précisément, après avoir observée l’importance de l’intention artistique dans les mécanismes de création des artistes en art contemporain, cette recherche étudie la place que les enseignants spécialisés en arts plastiques lui accordent dans leur enseignement. En partant de la question de recherche, « Au Québec, les enseignants spécialisés en arts plastiques au primaire entretiennent-ils ou non le décalage entre la création artistique contemporaine et l’enseignement des arts, en prenant ou non en compte le développement d’intention artistique chez les élèves lorsque ceux-ci réalisent des créations personnelles dans les cours d’arts plastiques? », ce mémoire est constitué de plusieurs ensembles d’analyses. La distinction des principaux paradigmes artistiques dans cette recherche définit des attributs pour comprendre respectivement leurs impacts sur l’enseignement des arts et pour saisir les différentes représentations que les enseignants spécialisés en arts plastiques au primaire ont de la création artistique, et plus particulièrement dans le paradigme artistique contemporain. Cette distinction permet de confronter deux représentations de la dynamique de création : celle présente dans la notion de processus de création et celle présente dans la notion d’intention artistique. Ainsi, les entretiens semi-dirigés de douze enseignants spécialistes en arts plastiques dans des écoles primaires au Québec renforcent l’existence du décalage, mais aussi nous renseigne sur la faiblesse des acteurs à définir les enjeux actuels de la création artistique. De plus, cette recherche démontre une absence dans le Programme de formation de l’école québécoise (PFEQ) des mécanismes de pensée de la création observée dans le paradigme artistique contemporain.

Corticospinal excitability not affected by negative motor imagery or intention

Bien que l’imagerie motrice positive ait été bien étudiée et est utilisée en réhabilitation, l’effet de l’imagerie motrice négative est beaucoup moins connu. Le but de cette recherche était de définir si l’intention et/ou l’imagerie motrice négative serait en mesure de réduire l’effet d’une stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT) sur le cortex moteur. Vingt participants ont reçu trente stimulations de SMT dans trois situations différentes : En restant passif, en portant une attention particulière aux sensations dans leur main ou en tentant de réduire l’effet de la SMT. La moitié des participants ont utilisé une stratégie d’imagerie motrice, l’autre moitié leur intention. Dans les deux cas, l’amplitude dans la condition de modulation n’a pas été réduite de façon significative.

A study of physicians' intention to quit : The role of burnout, commitment and difficult doctor-patient interactions

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Intention-based economic theories of reciprocity

In recent years, several experiments have shown individuals exhibit authentic reciprocal behaviour in anonymous one-shot interactions. As reciprocity has been shown to be relevant in several economic fields, there have also been several attempts to model reciprocal bahaviour. I review the intention-based models of reciprocity and present an example of teacher management in the public sector in which the government offers an incentive scheme to implement a program. The incentive scheme has a prisoner´s dilemma structure. In both simultaneous and sequential games, equilibrium results may differ from those predicted by standard theory.

An explanatory model of the intention to continue studying among nontraditional university students

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Vocational students??? intention to drop out in Flanders : the role of teacher beliefs

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: "??De nuevo con el abandono escolar? : un an??lisis de pol??ticas, pr??cticas y subjetividades"

Communicating information about medication side effects: effects on satisfaction, perceived risk to health, and intention to comply

Previous research has shown that people's evaluations of explanations about medication and their intention to comply with the prescription are detrimentally affected by the inclusion of information about adverse side effects of the medication. The present study (Experiment 1) examined which particular aspects of information about side effects (their number, likelihood of occurrence, or severity) are likely to have the greatest effect on people's satisfaction, perception of risk, and intention to comply, as well as how the information about side effects interacts with information about the severity of the illness for which the medication was prescribed. Across all measures, it was found that manipulations of side effect severity had the greatest impact on people's judgements, followed by manipulations of side effect likelihood and then number. Experiments 2 and 3 examined how the severity of the diagnosed illness and information about negative side effects interact with two other factors suggested by Social Cognition models of health behaviour to affect people's intention to comply: namely, perceived benefit of taking the prescribed drug, and the perceived level of control over preventing or alleviating the side effects. It was found that providing people with a statement about the positive benefit of taking the medication had relatively little effect on judgements, whereas informing them about how to reduce the chances of experiencing the side effects had an overall beneficial effect on ratings.

Implicit memory: intention and awareness revisited

One of the major developments in memory research in the past decade or so has been a growing interest in implicit memory – task performance that is not accompanied by conscious or intentional recollection. In this article, we examine evidence for perceptual and conceptual implicit memory, using the accepted definitions, and suggest that there is in fact a lack of strong evidence for implicit memory in normal subjects. If more convincing evidence cannot be obtained, one solution might be to modify the current terminology. We suggest that the term implicit memory might have outgrown its usefulness as an overall descriptor.

Determinants of intention to purchase chicken in Italy: the role of consumer risk perception and trust in different information sources

The article investigates how purchasing intentions among a sample of Italian consumers are influenced by different levels of risk perception and their trust in food-safety information provided by different sources such as the food industry, government agencies, or consumers' associations. The assessment of the determinants of intention to purchase was carried out by estimating a causal model for the chicken case in which attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived risk play a major role in determining buyer's behavior. In particular, the role of trust in influencing risk perception is highlighted either as a general construct or as specific constructs targeting food chain, policy actors, and the media. [EconLit citations: Q130, Q190, D120]. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The intention-superiority effect for naturally occurring activities: the role of intention accessibility in everyday prospective remembering in young and older adults

This study examined age differences in the accessibility of a single pool of naturally occurring intentions both before and after completion. Following Maylor, Darby, and Della Sala (2000), accessibility was measured in terms of the number of activities generated in a 4-minute activity fluency task. Each participant undertook two such tasks. A prospective task in which they generated activities intended for completion during the following week and a retrospective task, I week later, in which they generated activities carried out over the previous week. In a partial replication of Maylor et al.'s findings, young, but not healthy older, adults generated more to-be-completed intentions than completed ones, demonstrating an intention-superiority effect (ISE) for everyday activities. The absence of an ISE for older adults appeared to reflect the reduced accessibility of intentions prior to completion, rather than the impaired inhibition of fulfilled intentions. Moreover, both groups showed greater inaccessibility of completed than intended activities, thus demonstrating an intentioncompletion effect for naturally occurring intentions that is preserved in healthy ageing (cf. Marsh, Hicks, & Bink, 1998). Despite showing a reduced accessibility of intended activities, older adults reported having completed a greater proportion of their intentions during the week than young adults. Moreover, there was a correlation between the ability to access intentions and the proportion of intentions completed only for young adults. These observations suggest that older adults' everyday prospective memory performance may be relatively less dependent on intention accessibility and more dependent on other factors. While there was no age difference in the reported use and effectiveness of external retrieval aids, older adults demonstrated a greater level of temporal organization in the production of their intentions in the fluency task. This is consistent with the possibility that older adults may have more structured daily lives and may be able to use information about the sequence of ongoing events to support superior everyday prospective remembering.

Interpreting information about medication side effects: differences in risk perception and intention to comply when medicines are prescribed for adults or young children

This study investigates whether, and how, people's perception of risk and intended health behaviours are affected by whether a medicine is prescribed for themselves or for a young child. The question is relevant to the issue of whether it is beneficial to produce medicines information that is tailored to particular subgroups of the population, such as parents of young children. In the experiment, participants read scenarios which referred either to themselves or their (imagined) 1-year-old child, and were required to make a number of risk judgements. The results showed that both parents and non-parents were less satisfied, perceived side effects to be more severe and more likely to occur, risk to health to be higher, and said that they would be less likely to take (or give) the medicine when the recipient was the child. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that it may well be beneficial to tailor materials to broader classes of patient type.