Relaciones de conflicto o complementariedad entre la orientación política de la OEA y el proyecto de integración de Mercosur periodo 2000-2010

Esta monografía busca analizar las relaciones que se han construido entre la OEA y el Mercosur desde el enfoque teórico Sistema-Mundo: viendo que han sido a la vez de conflicto y complementariedad , lo cual se agudizo en la primera década del SXXI.

Systemic Inflammatory Reaction After Silicone Breast Implant

Systemic inflammation after augmentation mammaplasty with modern silicone implants is not currently recognized. In a prospective controlled study, C-reactive protein and other variables were monitored, aiming to test this hypothesis in a young cohort of patients. Females (18-30 years old, BMI = 18.5-30 kg/m(2), N = 52) were consecutively recruited for breast implant (n = 24, Group I) and for abdominal liposuction (n = 28, Group II/Controls). Patients were interviewed at baseline and followed until 6 months after operation. Variables included demographic and clinical information, surgical outcome, inflammatory markers and autoantibodies. Operations were well tolerated, without surgical or infectious complications. Mean prosthesis size was 258 +/- A 21 ml (range = 220-280) and mean aspirate of liposuction was 1972 +/- A 499 ml (range = 1200-3000). Preoperative, 2-month, and 6-month C-reactive protein concentrations for breast implant patients were 1.3 +/- A 1.2, 4.8 +/- A 3.0, and 4.3 +/- A 6.4 mg/l and for liposuction 3.5 +/- A 2.7, 3.5 +/- A 2.1, and 2.2 +/- A 2.2 mg/l, respectively. Change at 2 months was significant (p = 0.001). Autoantibody investigation failed to reveal remarkable aberrations, except for anticardiolipin elevation, which was nearly symmetrical in the two groups. C-reactive protein levels increased after operation and correlated with proinflammatory and procoagulatory indices. A mild increase in anticardiolipin IgM occurred but differences between populations were lacking. Despite excellent cosmetic outcomes and lack of complications, acute phase reaction could signal ongoing immunogenicity of silicone and long-term monitoring is recommended.

Dietary Free Oleic and Linoleic Acid Enhances Neutrophil Function and Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Rats

The high ingestion of oleic (OLA) and linoleic (LNA) acids by Western populations, the presence of inflammatory diseases in these populations, and the importance of neutrophils in the inflammatory process led us to investigate the effects of oral ingestion of unesterified OLA and LNA on rat neutrophil function. Pure OLA and LNA were administered by gavage over 10 days. The doses used (0.11, 0.22 and 0.44 g/kg of body weight) were based on the Western consumption of OLA and LNA. Neither fatty acid affected food, calorie or water intake. The fatty acids were not toxic to neutrophils as evaluated by cytometry using propidium iodide (membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation). Neutrophil migration in response to intraperitoneal injection of glycogen and in the air pouch assay, was elevated after administration of either OLA or LNA. This effect was associated with enhancement of rolling and increased release of the chemokine CINC-2 alpha beta. Both fatty acids elevated l-selectin expression, whereas no effect on beta(2)-integrin expression was observed, as evaluated by flow cytometry. LNA increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and CINC-2 alpha beta) by neutrophils after 4 h in culture and both fatty acids decreased the release of the same cytokines after 18 h. In conclusion, OLA and LNA modulate several functions of neutrophils and can influence the inflammatory process.

Compressibility of electron liquid in the quantized Hall phase of GaAs/AlGaAs multi-layers

Magneto-capacitance was studied in narrow miniband GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices where quasi-two dimensional electrons revealed the integer quantum Hall effect. The interwell tunneling was shown to reduce the effect of the quantization of the density of states on the capacitance of the superlattices. In such case the minimum of the capacitance observed at the filling factor nu = 2 was attributed to the decrease of the electron compressibility due to the formation of the incompressible quantized Hall phase. In accord with the theory this phase was found strongly inhomogeneous. The incompressible fraction of the quantized Hall phase was demonstrated to rapidly disappear with the increasing temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic evidence of extended states in quantized Hall phase of weakly coupled GaAs/AlGaAs multi-layers

The influence of the interlayer coupling on formation of the quantized Hall conductor phase at the filling factor v = 2 was studied in the multi-layer GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The disorder broadened Gaussian photoluminescence line due to the localized electrons was found in the quantized Hall phase of the isolated multi-quantum well structure. On the other hand, the quantized Hall phase of the weakly coupled multi-layers emitted an unexpected asymmetrical line similar to that one observed in the metallic electron systems. We demonstrated that the observed asymmetry is caused by a partial population of the extended electron states formed in the quantized Hall conductor phase due to the interlayer percolation. A sharp decrease of the single-particle scattering time associated with these extended states was observed at the filling factor v = 2. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composition and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans of essential oils from leaves of Piper and Peperomia species

This study was addressed to investigate the composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of Piperaceae species (Piper aduncum, Piper amalago, Piper cernuum, Piper diospyrifolium, Piper crassinervium, Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper solmsianum, Piper regnellii, Piper tuberculatum, Piper umbelata and Peperomia obtusifolia) against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. The essential oils from P. aduncum, P. gaudichaudianum and P. solmsianum showed the highest antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with the MIC of 62.5, 62.5 and 3.9 mg.mL-1, respectively. The oil from P. gaudichaudianum showed activity against C. krusei with MIC of 31.25 mg.mL-1.

Effect of solvent on the adsorption behavior and on the surface properties of Sterculia striata polysaccharide

Characterization of Sterculia striate polysaccharide (SSP) films adsorbed onto Si wafers from solutions prepared in ethyl methyl imidazolium acetate (EmimAc), water or NaOH 0.01 mol/L was systematically studied by means of ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. SSP adsorbed from EmimAc onto Si wafer as homogeneous monolayers (similar to 0.5 nm thick), while from water or NaOH 0.01 mol/L SSP formed layers of similar to 4.0 nm and similar to 1.5 nm thick, respectively. Surface energy values found for SSP adsorbed from EmimAc or water were 68 +/- 2 mJ/m(2) and 65 +/- 2 mJ/m(2), respectively, whereas from NaOH it amounted to 57 +/- 3 mJ/m(2). The immobilization of lysozyme (LYS) onto SSP films was also investigated. The mean thickness of LYS (d(LYS)) immobilized onto SSP films adsorbed from each solvent tended to increase with the decrease of gamma(P)(S) and gamma(total)(S). However, the enzymatic activity of LYS molecules was higher when they were immobilized onto SSP films with higher gamma(P)(S) and gamma(total)(S) values. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Orçamento participativo: a experiência de Ribeirão Pires

Este estudo de caso tem o objetivo de analisar o procedimento do orçamento participativo na viabilização da nova política de desenvolvimento adotada pelo Município de Ribeirão Pires. Esta política baseia-se na sustentabilidade econômica, incorporando os aspectos sociais e resgatando a questão ambiental. A sua implementação nesse Município está muito vinculada à institucionalização do Orçamento Participativo, que possibilita uma maior participação dos cidadãos na definição das prioridades de investimento dos recursos disponíveis e, por essa razão, tem grande potencial para tornar-se um valioso instrumento para a concretização da política de desenvolvimento sustentável.

Orçamento público e descentralização administrativa

Trata dos problemas advindos da Reforma Administrativa em curso na administração federal e seus possíveis reflexos para o Orçamento Público. Aborda o Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho de Estado proposto em 1994 e traça um paralelo entre esse e o Decreto Lei 200/67, quanto a mesma intenção de descentralizar a administração pública. Faz uma reflexão sobre o conceito de controle público adotado. Aponta a oportunidade de adoção dos Contratos de Gestão e da instituição de Organizações Sociais como forma de empreender melhor os controles administrativos públicos.

A "swap" como instrumento de redução de custos e riscos em transações financeiras

Tem como objetivo estudar várias estruturas básicas das transações de permuta, batizadas genericamente, no exterior, como "SWAP" e mais um número das suas variações mais comuns. Caracterizar a aplicação, a mecãnica e as vantagens das permutas feitas: internamente num mesmo país (interest rate swap); entre empresas de diferentes origens e ou suas subsidiárias através do câmbio de capitais em moedas diferentes (swaps). Apresentar um material que, tratando o assunto ao nível de detalhes, possa servir para discussão e desenvolvimento des sa modalidade entre acadêmicos e demais interessados em assun tos do ramo de finanças.

O problema da mensuração de ativos na contabilidade

Discute o processo de mensuração de ativos na Contabilidade, enfocando os principais métodos que têm sido sugeridos e faz uma sistematização das contribuições mais importantes sobre o assunto, dentro de uma abordagem teórica

Instrumentos financeiros para administração do risco cambial

Analisa os instrumentos financeiros disponíveis para administração do risco cambial: Futuros, Forwards, Swaps e Opções. Apresenta um resumo dos principais fatos na história do mercado cambial internacional; as principais características deste mercado; os tipos de exposição cambial; e as principais estratégias de utilização dos instrumentos estudados

Medidas de rentabilidade da empresa

Faz uma avaliação da medida de retorno contábil da corporação (return on investment - ROI) à luz da verdadeira medida de retorno econômico (taxa interna de retorno - TIR). Apresenta modelo para cálculo da taxa interna de retorno da empresa, o qual é submetido à testes para aferir o seu valor informativo. Utilizando o conceito de taxa interna de retorno da corporação, é criado um modelo denominado de Modelo de Avaliação Econômica Base Caixa, aplicável a uma empresa brasileira de telecomunicações

Índices de participação da quota-parte do ICMS no contexto redistributivo de receitas : 1982 a 1993

On índices de participação da QPM-ICMS assumem atualmente características distintas aos seus princípios compensatórios. E isso deve-se, em grande medida, às mudanças na legislação estadual, aos fatores econômicos e principalmente institucionais que influenciaram as variáveis adotadas no cálculo dos índices