Comparative study on polyimides from 3,3'- and 4,4'-linked diphthalic anhydride

1,4-Bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene dianhydride, 1,4-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene dianhydride, bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenoxy) sulfide dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)sulfide dianhydride, and 2,3,3',4'-tetracarboxy diphenyl sulfide dianhydride were synthesized from 3-chlorophthalic anhydride and 4-chlorophthalic anhydride. Bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfone and bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone were obtained by the oxidation of the corresponding bis(dicarboxyphenyl)sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The polyimides from the dianhydrides mentioned above and 4,4'-oxydianiline were prepared. The properties, such as dynamic mechanical behavior, thermooxidative stability, stress-strain behavior, chemical resistance, and permeability to some gases have been in investigated for the isomeric polyimides. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

有机磷化合物的质谱研究（XⅢ）．1，3，2－二氮磷杂环戊酮－（4）衍生物的电子轰击质谱

本文报道９种新的含磷杂环化合物的电子轰击质谱（ＥＩＭＳ），并应用Ｂ／Ｅ、Ｂ２／Ｅ联动扫描及精确质量测量技术，探讨了该类化合物的质谱断裂机理，发现骨架重排及开环反应是该类化合物主要的质谱特征，而Ｒ２基因对重排过程有很大影响。

Total synthesis of bis-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-methane as potent PTP1B inhibitor

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays an important role as a negative regulator and has been proved to be an effective target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bis-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-methane 7 was first reported as a natural bromophenol with significant inhibition against PTP1B which was isolated from red algae Rhodomela confervoides. Intrigued by its astonishing activity (IC50 = 2.4 mu mol/L), compound 7 was synthesized with the overall yield of 24% and evaluated for its PTP1B inhibitory activity compared with natural compound. (C) 2008 Li Jun Han. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

溶液介质条件对Fe^3＋共沉淀去除Cu^2＋的影响

采用室内试验方法，研究了溶液介质条件对Fe^3+共沉淀去除Cu^2+的影响。试验结果表明，pH是影响Fe^3+共沉淀去除Cu^2+的主要因素之一，其去除率随pH的增加而增加，并且其固液分配系数Kd的对数值与pH之间显示出较好的线性关系；天然水体中溶解的电解质离子及无机和有机配位体对Cu^2+的去除均产生很大影响，Cu^2+的去除率随加入的NaCl和NaClO4浓度的增加而降低，而随Ca(NO3)2和Mg(NO3)2浓度的增加而增加，除磷酸盐的增强作用外，硫酸钠、碳酸氢钠、甘氨酸、草酸钠、柠檬酸钠以及十二烷基苯磺酸钠的加入则不同程度地减弱了Cu^2+的去除；与Cu^2+共存的等量竞争阳离子Pb^2+、Zn^2+和Cd^2+也同样减弱了Fe^3+对Cu^2+的去除。

Descripción de la generalización de estudiantes de 3º y 4º de ESO en la resolución de problemas que involucran sucesiones lineales y cuadráticas

Describimos la generalización que logran estudiantes de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en la resolución de problemas que involucran sucesiones lineales y cuadráticas. La descripción se centra en aspectos relativos al razonamiento inductivo y a las estrategias inductivas. Estas estrategias permiten describir el proceso seguido en términos de los elementos y los sistemas de representación correspondientes al contenido matemático.

Patrones, generalización y estrategias inductivas de estudiantes de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en el problema de las baldosas

En este trabajo describimos los patrones y la generalización que llevan a cabo 359 estudiantes de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en la resolución del problema de las baldosas. Prestamos especial atención a los tipos de patrones identificados, a la forma en que los estudiantes expresan la generalización y, mediante la descripción de las estrategias inductivas, presentamos algunas características de la generalización referentes a los elementos y a los sistemas de representación utilizados.

Patrones, generalización y estrategias inductivas de estudiantes de 3º y 4º de la ESO en el problema de baldosas

En este trabajo describimos los patrones y la generalización que llevan a cabo 359 estudiantes de 3o y 4o de la ESO en la resolución del “problema de las baldosas”. Prestamos especial atención a los tipos de patrones identificados, a la forma en que los estudiantes expresan la generalización y, mediante la descripción de las estrategias inductivas, presentamos algunas características de la generalización referentes a los elementos y a los sistemas de representación utilizados.

Convenient synthetic routes to bidentate and monodentate 2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl phosphines: potentially useful ligands for water-soluble complex catalysts

The monodentate and bidentate pyridyl phosphines, PR3 and R2P(CH2)2PR2, where R=3- or 4-pyridyl can be prepared in high yields by treatment of butyllithium/TMEDA/3- or 4-bromopyridine with PCl3 or Cl2P(CH2)2PCl2 at low temperature. 1,2-Bis(di-2-pyridylphosphino)ethane is conveniently synthesised by an alternative route involving reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with lithium di-2-pyridylphosphide.

Kinetic analysis of the cleavage of human protease-activated receptor-1/2/3 and 4 using quenched-fluorescent peptide substrates

Protease-activated receptors [PARs] are a family of G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptors that are activated by proteolytic cleavage of their amino-terminal exodomain. To characterize the cleavage rate of human PAR-1 / 2 / 3 and 4 by trypsin and thrombin, four synthetic quenched-fluorescent peptide substrates have been synthesized. Each substrate consisted of a ten-residue peptide spanning the receptor activation cleavage site and using progress-curve kinetics, k(cat)/K-m values were determined.

Acylation of sulfonamines using silica grafted 1-butyl-3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium ionic liquids as catalysts

Heterogeneous immobilized ionic liquid catalysts were prepared via grafting of 1,3-dimethyl-3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate or bist{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide ([NTf2](-)) on silica supports with different surfaces and pore size. In addition to the adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen at -196C, the catalysts were characterized by TG-DTA, XPS, DRIFTS, DR-UV-vis, NMR, and XRD techniques. The catalytic behavior was checked in the acylation of three different sulfonamines: benzenesulfonamine, p-nitrobenzene-sulfonamine, and p-methoxybenzene-sulfonamine with acetic acid, acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride. These tests confirmed the acid Lewis properties of these catalysts. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

3-anilino-4-arylmaleimides: Potent and selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)

Potent 3-anilino-4-arylmaleimide glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors have been prepared using automated array methodology. A number of these are highly selective, having little inhibitory potency against more than 20 other protein kinases. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.