Développer le soutien aux besoins psychologiques des employés : évaluation des effets affectifs, comportementaux et motivationnels d’une formation destinée aux gestionnaires

Alors que la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000, 2008) propose un bassin de connaissances pouvant être d’une réelle utilité pour aider les travailleurs et les organisations à croître et à prospérer, peu d’études ont porté, à ce jour, sur l’évaluation d’interventions visant à implanter ces connaissances sur le terrain en milieu organisationnel. En ce sens, la présente thèse a pour but de vérifier l’impact d’une formation visant le développement des habiletés de soutien aux besoins psychologiques des gestionnaires sur les comportements en emploi de ces gestionnaires ainsi que sur la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, la motivation et la santé psychologique de leurs employés. Pour ce faire, 17 gestionnaires provenant de deux organisations canadiennes du secteur public ont participé à un programme de formation d’une durée de trois journées non consécutives. Ils ont également répondu à des questionnaires un mois avant la formation ainsi que trois à quatre mois après le début de celle-ci afin d’évaluer leurs apprentissages ainsi que leurs comportements de soutien aux besoins psychologiques en emploi. Par ailleurs, 55 de leurs employés ont répondu à des questionnaires préformation et postformation au sujet de leur perception à l’égard des comportements de soutien aux besoins psychologiques de leur supérieur immédiat ainsi que de leur propre niveau de satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, de motivation au travail et de santé psychologique. L’étude a été menée à l’aide d’un devis de recherche de type prétest et post-test à groupes non-équivalents, sans groupe contrôle. Afin de renforcer ce devis, la stratégie de référence interne a été utilisée auprès des employés (Haccoun & Hamtiaux, 1994). Les résultats suggèrent que, dans la mesure où des gains étaient possibles par le biais d’une formation plus traditionnelle (c.-à-d., que le potentiel des gestionnaires à s’améliorer davantage par rapport à leur niveau de base était suffisant et que les habiletés visées se développaient bien par le biais d’une telle formation), les gestionnaires ont développé leurs habiletés de soutien aux besoins psychologiques et, selon leur perspective, transféré leurs apprentissages au travail. Toutefois, les employés de ces gestionnaires n’ont pas perçu de changement statistiquement significatif entre les deux temps de mesure quant aux habiletés de soutien aux besoins psychologiques de leur supérieur immédiat en emploi et les retombées escomptées de la formation chez les employés n’ont pas été observées. À la lumière de ces résultats, le dernier chapitre de la thèse discute de l’importance de l’analyse des besoins, de l’implication de l’environnement organisationnel dans les initiatives de formation ainsi que de l’ajout de méthodes d’apprentissage complémentaires aux formations plus traditionnelles afin d’en assurer l’efficacité. Par ailleurs, les contributions, limites et pistes de recherches futures de la thèse y seront exposées.

Contribution de la motivation dans les jeux sérieux

La motivation incite les apprenants à s’engager dans une activité et à persévérer dans son accomplissement afin d’atteindre un but. Dans les Systèmes Tutoriels Intelligents (STI), les études sur la motivation des apprenants possèdent trois manques importants : un manque de moyens objectifs et fiables pour évaluer cet état, un manque d’évaluation de rôles joués par les facteurs motivationnels conçus dans l’environnement d’apprentissage et un manque de stratégies d’interventions motivationnelles pour soutenir la motivation des apprenants. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à mieux comprendre l’état de la motivation des apprenant ainsi que les facteurs et stratégies motivationnels dans un environnement d’apprentissage captivant : les jeux sérieux. Dans une première étude, nous évaluons la motivation des apprenants par l’entremise d’un modèle théorique de la motivation (ARCS de Keller) et de données électro-physiologiques (la conductivité de la peau, le rythme cardiaque et l’activité cérébrale). Nous déterminons et évaluons aussi quelques situations ou stratégies favorisant la motivation dans l’environnement des jeux sérieux étudié. Dans une deuxième étude, nous développons un prototype de jeux sérieux intégrant – dans une première version – quelques éléments motivationnels issus de jeux vidéo et – dans une deuxième version – des stratégies motivationnelles d’un modèle théorique de la motivation. Nous espérons, avec une évaluation motivationnelle de notre prototype, soutenir les apprenants à atteindre des hauts niveaux de motivation, de persévérance et de performance.

Marine Engineering Training in India -A Pedagogic Introspection

Indian marine engineers are renowned for employment globally due to their knowledge, skill and reliability. This praiseworthy status has been achieved mainly due to the systematic training imparted to marine engineering cadets. However, in an era of advancing technology, marine engineering training has to remain dynamic to imbibe latest technology as well as to meet the demands of the shipping industry. New subjects of studies have to be included in the curriculum in a timely manner taking into consideration the industry requirements and best practices in shipping. Technical competence of marine engineers also has to be subjected to changes depending upon the needs of the ever growing and over regulated shipping industry. Besides. certain soft skills are to be developed and improved amongst the marine engineers in order to alter or amend the personality traits leading to their career success.If timely corrective action is taken. Indian marine engineers can be in still greater demand for employment in global maritime field. In order to enhance the employability of our mmine engineers by improving their quality, a study of marine engineers in general and class IV marine engineers in particular was conducted based on three distinct surveys, viz., survey among senior marine engineers, survey among employers of marine engineers and survey of class IV marine engineers themselves.The surveys have been planned and questionnaires have been designed to focus the study of marine engineer officer class IV from the point of view of the three distinct groups of maritime personnels. As a result of this, the strength and weakness of class IV marine engineers are identified with regard to their performance on board ships, acquisition of necessary technical skills. employability and career success. The criteria of essential qualities of a marine engineer are classified as academic, technical, social, psychological. physical, mental, emergency responsive, communicative and leadership, and have been assessed for a practicing marine engineer by statistical analysis of data collected from surveys. These are assessed for class IV marine engineers from the point of view of senior marine engineers and employers separately. The Endings are delineated and graphically depicted in this thesis.Besides. six pertinent personality traits of a marine engineer viz. self esteem. learning style. decision making. motivation. team work and listening self inventory have been subjected to study and their correlation with career success have been established wherever possible. This is carried out to develop a theoretical framework to understand what leads a marine engineer to his career attainment. This enables the author to estimate the personality strengths and weaknesses of a serving marine engineer and eventually to deduce possible corrective measures or modifications in marine engineering training in India.Maritime training is largely based on International Conventions on Standard of Training. Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers 1995. its associated Code and Merchant Shipping (STCW for Seafarers) Rules 1998. Further, Maritime Education, Training and Assessment (META) Manual was subjected to a critical scrutiny and relevant Endings of thc surveys arc superimposed on the existing rule requirement and curriculum. Views of senior marine engineers and executives of various shipping companies are taken into account before arriving at the revision of syllabus of marine engineering courses. Modifications in the pattern of workshop and sea service for graduate mechanical engineering trainees are recommended. Desirable age brackets of junior engineers and chief engineers. use of Training and Assessment Record book (TAR Book) during training etc. have also been evaluated.As a result of the pedagogic introspection of the existing system of marine engineering training in India. in this thesis, a revised pattern of workshop training of six months duration for graduate mechanical engineers. revised pattern of sea service training of one year duration and modified now diagram incorporating the above have been arrived at. Effects of various personality traits on career success have been established along with certain findings for improvement of desirable personality traits of marine engineers.

Liderazgo y resiliencia organizacional en la crisis financiera global del 2008–2009

Durante la crisis financiera global de 2008 muchas organizaciones y mercados financieros tuvieron que terminar sus operaciones o replantearlas debido a los choques que golpearon el bienestar de sus empresas. A pesar de esta grave situación, en la actualidad se pueden encontrar empresas que se recuperaron y salieron del terrible panorama que les presentó la crisis, incluso encontrando nuevas oportunidades de negocio y fortaleciendo su futuro. Esta capacidad que algunas organizaciones tuvieron y que permitió su salida victoriosa de la crisis se denomina resiliencia, la cual es la capacidad de sobreponerse a los efectos negativos de choques internos o externos (Briguglio, Cordina, Farrugia & Vella 2009). Por tanto en el presente trabajo se estudiará esta capacidad tanto en la organización como en los líderes para hallar factores que mejoren el desempeño de las empresas en crisis como la que ocurrió en el 2008 – 2009. Primero se realizará un estudio sobre los sucesos y el desarrollo de la crisis subprime del año 2008 para tener un entendimiento claro de sus antecedentes, desarrollo, magnitud y consecuencias. Posteriormente se realizará un estudio profundo sobre la teoría de la resiliencia organizacional y la resiliencia en el líder como individuo y los estilos de liderazgo. Finalmente teniendo un sustento teórico tanto de la crisis como del concepto de resiliencia se tomarán casos de estudio de empresas que lograron perdurar en la crisis financiera del 2008 y empresas que no lograron sobrevivir para posteriormente hallar características del líder y del liderazgo que puedan aumentar o afectar la capacidad de resiliencia de las organizaciones con el objetivo de brindar herramientas a los líderes actuales para que manejen de forma eficiente y eficaz las empresas en un mundo complejo y variable como el actual.

Factores clave de éxito asociados con la introducción de innovaciones en el sector cosméticos y artículos de aseo: estudio de caso

En este trabajo se realizó un análisis comparativo donde se evaluaron los factores clave de éxito asociados con la introducción de innovación para dos empresas del sector de cosméticos y artículos de aseo. El objetivo del caso de estudio fue encontrar los aspectos en común que permiten la implementación o el mejor desempeño de las innovaciones, con la intención de que se constituya como una base para las PYMES presentes en Bogotá. Del análisis, se encontró que utilizando buenas prácticas estas empresas tienen buenos resultados frente a las actividades de innovación, ya sea facilitando el proceso de implementación o fomentando una cultura de constante innovación.

Prácticas de recursos humanos y su relación con el engagement de los empleados en una Institución de Educación Superior en la ciudad de Bogotá Colombia

Es importante el estudio de las PRH y su relación con el engagement, para la toma de decisiones sobre el recurso humano, de tal forma que el propósito de esta investigación fue describir la relación entre las PRH y el engagement en una Institución de Educación Superior – IES de Bogotá, para ello se llevó a cabo una investigación con 72 colaboradores tanto administrativos como académicos. La escala de medida utilizada en este estudio tiene en cuenta los siguientes factores de las PRH: selección, promoción, formación, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y balance trabajo / familia y los factores analizados de la escala de medida para el engagement son vigor, dedicación y absorción. Los datos después de ser obtenidos, fueron procesados a través del Statical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Los datos fueron analizados, con base en los argumentos conceptuales y antecedentes que justifican dicha investigación, generando los resultados que contribuyeron a validar la hipótesis y objetivos planteados, con estadísticos básicos de correlación y regresiones para determinar el poder predictivo de una variable sobre la otra. Los resultados obtenidos en términos generales demuestran que las PRH tienen un efecto significativo en el engagement aunque de manera diferenciada.

Estudo da Motivação e Produtividade laboral

O estudo da motivação no trabalho bem como dos seus determinantes têm-se assumido de grande importância para os vários domínios da psicologia organizacional. Com este estudo pretende-se analisar a relação entre a motivação e a produtividade, assim como a relação destas com algumas variáveis individuais (sexo, idade, estado civil, habilitações literárias), e com a variável situacional antiguidade na tarefa. Para avaliar a motivação foi utilizada a escala MULTI MOTI de Ferreira et. all, 2006, que contem 28 itens avaliando 4 dimensões da escala referentes à motivação no trabalho (organização no trabalho, desempenho nas tarefas, realização e poder, motivação do envolvimento). Utilizou-se uma amostra de 117 colaboradores de um call center, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 56 anos (M=24,23; DP=7,665).

Comparing the thermal performance of horizontal slinky-loop and vertical slinky-loop heat exchangers

The heat pump market in the UK has grown rapidly over the last few years. Performance analyses of vertical ground-loop heat exchanger configurations have been widely carried out using both numerical modelling and experiments. However, research findings and design recommendations on horizontal slinky-loop and vertical slinky-loop heat exchangers are far fewer compared with those for vertical ground-loop heat exchanger configurations, especially where the long-term operation of the systems is concerned. The paper presents the results obtained from a numerical simulation for the horizontal slinky-loop and vertical slinky-loop heat exchangers of a ground-source heat pump system. A three-dimensional numerical heat transfer model was developed to study the thermal performance of various heat exchanger configurations. The influence of the loop pitch (loop spacing) and the depth of a vertical slinky-loop installation were investigated and the thermal performance and excavation work required for the horizontal and vertical slinky-loop heat exchangers were compared. The influence of the installation depth for vertical slinky-loop configurations was also investigated. The results of this study show that the influence of the installation depth of the vertical slinky-loop heat exchanger on the thermal performance of the system is small. The maximum difference in the thermal performance between the vertical and horizontal slinky-loop heat exchangers with the same loop diameter and loop pitch is less than 5%.

After work : en longitudinell studie i arbetsmiljöns långsiktiga inverkan på sambandet mellan socioekonomisk position och äldres ohälsa

After Work. The long-term effects of work environment on the association between adult socioeconomic position and ill health among the elderly The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term effects of work environment on the association between adult socioeconomic position (SEP) and six ill health outcomes among the elderly. Data was drawn from the longitudinal Level of Living and the SWEOLD-surveys. The individuals are followed from 1968 to 1992 and from 1981 to 2002 and 2004, combining baseline information regarding SEP and work environment during the period of occupational activity with the ill health outcomes from the follow-up studies. Strongest effects where revealed when controlling for the physical work environment on the association between both measures of SEP and two of the ill health outcomes: musculoskeleta lpain and physical performance. The psychological work environment, however, explained very small parts of the associations. The results, even controlled for SEP, exposed strong direct relations between ill health and psychological work environment and rather strong relations to physical work environment. As socioeconomic position indicates a particular structural position within society it may determine the likelihood of health damaging exposures during the period of occupational activity. This study shows that the effect of work environment significantly affects ill health among the elderly. Hence, the results indicate the importance of taking measures in improving work environment during the labour-market participation period, especially since policy-makers attempt to convince workers to stay longer in the workforce.

Motivação para o trabalho: rotina e fragmentação das tarefas

A presente dissertação aborda os problemas da motivação no trabalho oriundos, especialmente, da divisão do trabalho e da excessiva fragmentação das tarefas. Este modesto ensaio não pretende propor soluções para o problema, mas fazer urna análise crítica do alarmante choque detectado no campo do trabalho, para alertar àqueles que estão envolvidos no assunto e com poder de decisão, no sentido de esforçarem-se na busca de soluções duradouras achando uma saída que amenize estes problemas sem estrangular a economia nem frustrar o avanço tecnológico. Iniciamos com urna análise sobre as funções do trabalho. Em seguida discutimos os problemas relativos à divisão do trabalho e à fragmentação das tarefas. Em sequência, abordamos os pressupostos teóricos da motivação, discorrendo brevemente sobre sua evolução conceitual e histórica. A seguir, dissertamos sobre a temática da motiva çao para o trabalho e, dentro desta problemática, as teorias motivacionais de Maslow, Herzberg e McClelland. Finalizamos com uma discussão sobre o que foi abordado na dissertação, quando expomos nossas críticas e conclusões pessoais sobre o assunto.

Atitude e intenção de uso em sistemas hedônicos: três estudos sobre motivação intrínseca com jogos digitais

Até recentemente, pesquisas sobre a relação do usuário com o uso de tecnologia focaram sistemas utilitários. Com a popularização dos PCs para uso doméstico e o surgimento da Internet, a interação dos usuários com tecnologia deixou de ser vista apenas de forma utilitária, e passou a ser orientada também ao atendimento de necessidades hedônicas, fazendo com que as pesquisas em Tecnologia e Sistemas de Informação (SI) extrapolassem os limites da empresa. As pesquisas no campo tem dado atenção cada vez maior ao uso de sistemas hedônicos, cujo objetivo é satisfazer necessidades como entretenimento e diversão, ao invés de um valor instrumental. Entre os sistemas hedônicos, um em particular recebe cada vez mais destaque, os videogames. Jogos digitais estão presentes por toda a sociedade, existindo uma crescente adoção, institucionalização e ubiquidade dos videogames na vida diária. A nova geração foi criada com jogos interativos e espera o mesmo tipo de interação nos demais SI. Por serem divertidos e envolventes, organizações de diversos setores estão tentando integrar características dos jogos digitais em sistemas organizacionais, com a expectativa de melhorar a motivação e desempenho dos funcionários e engajar consumidores online. Para analisar a relação do usuário com jogos digitais foram desenvolvidas três pesquisas. A primeira aborda os motivos pelos quais o indivíduo se engaja com o jogo, definindo Engajamento com base em desafio, imersão e curiosidade. Já as motivações dos indivíduos são analisadas pelo divertimento e a competição. A partir do momento em que o indivíduo está engajado, é necessário medir a experiência holística que ele experimenta desta interação. Para tanto, a segunda pesquisa analisa os dois construtos mais utilizados no campo para mensurar tal experiência, Flow e Absorção Cognitiva. A última pesquisa se utiliza dos conceitos explorados nas duas anteriores para desenvolver uma rede nomológica para a predição da intenção comportamental do indivíduo para o uso de jogos digitais. Como resultados temos um esclarecimento sobre os fatores que levam a um comportamento engajado dos jogadores, com maior importância do desafio de dominar o jogo e divertimento em relação a competição com outros jogadores. Outra contribuição é a conclusão que Flow e Absorção Cognitiva, dois dos principais construtos utilizados em SI para medir a experiência hedônica do usuário, não são adequados para mensurar tal experiência para videogames. Por fim existe a proposta de uma rede nomológica em um contexto de utilização de um sistema hedônico interativo, permitindo que novos trabalhos possam se beneficiar.

Trabalho e família: um estudo da interação de papéis com secretários executivos

The balance between the demands of two important spheres of human life, work and family, has become a challenge due to the pressures of the contemporary that is expanding around the difficulties of reconciling these two comínios. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the work-family interaction in the perception of executive secretaries. The analysis approach used was qualitative research, by worrying about a reality that can not be quantified due to the subjectivity of his goal. The data collection technique used was the semistructured interview to twenty executive secretaries, servants of a Federal Institution of Higher Education. For the understanding and interpretation of the data, we used the technique of content analysis. The results of both analyzes identified the existence of conflict as enrichment in this interaction. The time was identified as the largest generator of conflict work. The overload, relationship stress and conflict emerged as elements common to both domains. As main implications of labor disputes, were revealed: problamas health for secretaries and stress. As main implications of family conflicts emerged: motivation for work, lower performance and lack of concentration. The attempt at balance was identified as the strategy most used by secretaries to minimize work-family conflict. The work-family enrichment was seen as resources that contribute to improving the lives of the secretary in both domains. The opportunity to add knowledge was highlighted as enriching element of work and family values ​​as elements enriching family. The support and experience emerged as enrichment items common to both domains. Regarding the implications of enrichment resulting from the interaction of work and family, the more perceived by respondents were: increased knowledge and skills, material and psychological benefits, improved quality of life and personal and professional fulfillment. From the perception of executive secretaries, work and family spheres of human life are essential and complementary, and that help is contrary, however, this relationship is the primary management of conflicts, ie, how the individual sees and manages the negative side of the work-family

Cultura organizacional e desempenho dos colaboradores :um estudo exploratório no setor hoteleiro

This work focuses on the relationship between organizational culture and quality culture in the hotel sector of NATAL/RN with respect to employee performance. The themes organizational culture and quality have been the research focus of administration theorists and a constant concern of professional managers, since the Japanese demonstrated effective forms or western management. In this study, the Competing Values Model (C.V.M.) (Quinn e Cameron, 1996; Quinn, 1998; Santos, 1998, 2000; Teixeira, 2001), which was tested on north-American organizations and considered a high value academic and professional instrument, was applied. The model maps the organizational culture on a profile with four elements: clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy. The C.V.M., associated with the taximetrics created by Cameron (which classifies quality culture in for levels: status quo, error detection, error prevention and perpetual creative quality) has been related with organizational performance. In this study, these two models are used jointly and tested in the hotel sector. The results indicate that the strongest element of the profile is clan, which is characterized by internal focus, participation and people involvement, followed by the adhocracy element, which has an external focus, emphasizes flexibility and is characterized by dynamic enterprising and creativity. Regarding the level of the culture s quality in the hotel, the highest level, that of perpetual improvement and creativity, which attempts to enchant and to surprise the clients, was most frequently cited, followed by the error detection level, which has as its goal to discover and correct mistakes, trying, consequently, to reduce waste. The results suggest that employee performance as measured on some indicators is related to elements of the organizational culture profile and quality level

Escalabilidade Paralela de um Algoritmo de Migração Reversa no Tempo (RTM) Pré-empilhamento

The seismic method is of extreme importance in geophysics. Mainly associated with oil exploration, this line of research focuses most of all investment in this area. The acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data are the parts that instantiate a seismic study. Seismic processing in particular is focused on the imaging that represents the geological structures in subsurface. Seismic processing has evolved significantly in recent decades due to the demands of the oil industry, and also due to the technological advances of hardware that achieved higher storage and digital information processing capabilities, which enabled the development of more sophisticated processing algorithms such as the ones that use of parallel architectures. One of the most important steps in seismic processing is imaging. Migration of seismic data is one of the techniques used for imaging, with the goal of obtaining a seismic section image that represents the geological structures the most accurately and faithfully as possible. The result of migration is a 2D or 3D image which it is possible to identify faults and salt domes among other structures of interest, such as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, a migration fulfilled with quality and accuracy may be a long time consuming process, due to the mathematical algorithm heuristics and the extensive amount of data inputs and outputs involved in this process, which may take days, weeks and even months of uninterrupted execution on the supercomputers, representing large computational and financial costs, that could derail the implementation of these methods. Aiming at performance improvement, this work conducted the core parallelization of a Reverse Time Migration (RTM) algorithm, using the parallel programming model Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), due to the large computational effort required by this migration technique. Furthermore, analyzes such as speedup, efficiency were performed, and ultimately, the identification of the algorithmic scalability degree with respect to the technological advancement expected by future processors

Avaliação: um contrato de trabalho

Este artigo apresenta, tendo em vista perplexidades constituídas a partir de uma leitura acerca do funcionamento do modelo tradicional de ensino, considerações sobre a Proposta Pedagógica Assimilação Solidária, AS (Baldino, 1995a). Proposta interventora, a AS muda o conceito de mérito, pois considera, ao lado do prêmio ao saber, o justo prêmio ao trabalho coletivo produzido em sala de aula. O instrumento fundamental da AS é um contrato de trabalho, negociado entre professor e alunos, que vincula a avaliação e o trabalho em grupos na sala de aula.