211 resultados para 2K-Gießharz
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We obtained the high mobility Of mu(2K) = 1.78 x 10(6) cm(2)/V . s in Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structures. After the sample was illuminated by a light-emitting diode in magnetic fields up to 6 T at T = 2K, we did observe the persistent photoconductivity effect and the electron density increased obviously. The electronic properties of 2DEG have been studied by Quantum-Hall-effect and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation measurements. We found that the electron concentrations of two subbands increase simultaneity with the increasing total electron concentration, and the electron mobility also increases obviously after being illuminated. At the same time, we also found that the electronic quantum lifetime becomes shorter, and a theoretical explunation is given through the widths of integral quantum Hall plateaus.
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A GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2 DEG) structure with the high mobility of mu(2K) = 1.78 x 10(6) cm(2)/Vs has been studied by low-temperature Hall and Shubnikov de Hass (SdH) measurements. Quantum lifetimes related to all-angle scattering events reduced from 0.64 ps to 0.52 ps after illuminating by Dingle plots, and transport lifetimes related to large-angle scattering events increasing from 42.3 ps to 67.8 ps. These results show that small-angle scattering events become stronger. It is clear that small-angle scattering events can cause the variation of the widths of the quantum Hall plateaus.
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An optical receiver front-end for SONET OC-96 receivers was analyzed and designed in 0.18 mu m CMOS process. It consists of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a limiting amplifier (LA). The TIA takes a fully differential configuration, and regulated cascode (RGC) input stage is implemented. The LA was realized by five cascaded identical gain stages with active inductor load. The TIA achieved 4.2GHz bandwidth for 0.5pF photodiode (PD) capacitance and 1.2k 0 transimpedance gain. The LA achieved 5.4GHz bandwidth and 29dB voltage gain. The optical sensitivity is -19dBm at 5-Gb/s for a bit-error rate of 10(-12), and it dissipates 45.5mW for I.8V supply.
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分组密码在信息安全领域有着广泛的应用。密码算法标准化掀起了算法设计分析的新高潮,也使得密码算法的检测和评估成为新的研究热点。如何对分组密码进行科学合理的检测评估是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及到很多理论和技术问题。 本文对其中存在的关键问题:随机性检测项目相关性和参数选择、针对分组密码设计新的检测方法、快速检测技术以及合理实用的量化评估模型等内容进行了研究,取得了一系列的成果。这些研究成果将会促进密码算法检测分析自动化及密码评估实用化的发展,也会为密码算法标准化和密码检测标准化提供理论和技术支持。 具体而言,本文的研究成果可以总结为以下5个方面: 1) 对随机性检测项目相关性进行了研究:推导出了二元推导检测与自相关检测在参数为2k时的等价关系;提出了检测项目相关度的概念,并利用熵值法对检测项目相关度进行量化度量。该研究结果为随机性检测的项目选择提供了理论依据。 2) 对随机性检测参数选择进行了研究:首先推导出独立参数应满足的条件,以此为基础设计了一个用于检测两个参数之间依赖关系的假设检验算法。该研究结果为随机性检测的参数选择提供了一种可操作的手段。 3) 针对分组密码的特点,设计了一个新的统计检测方法。该方法以分组长度为基本单位,充分利用统计检测模型通用、自动化程度高的优势,可以一定程度上反映出分组密码抵抗积分攻击的能力。 4) 对分组密码组件检测方法的快速实现进行了研究,提出一个基于阈值过滤的S盒透明阶检测方法。该方法通过引入阈值去掉大量无效的运算,从而大幅提高了S盒透明阶的计算速度。该研究结果为大规模S盒的实用化提供了技术支持。 5) 对分组密码量化评估进行了研究,给出了一个基于模糊多准则决策的综合评估模型。其中采用隶属度函数对检测结果进行模糊化处理,能够反映出指标的连续、渐变特点,有效解决了单纯的阈值方法造成的评估信息丢失问题,也为量化评估提供了基础。该评估模型为分组密码的综合评估提供了新思路。
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本文用代数方法推导了正交晶系五十九个空间群的结构半不变量相同的二价表达式。就每一个空间群都得出了一系列公式。在222点群中的空间群都有形如以下三式的公式:E_(2h+2h';2k+2k'.0) = (N~(3/2)/g1)<(-1)~(α1)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.1) E_(2h+2h'0.2α+α) = (N~(3/2)/g2)<(-1)~(α2)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.2) E_(0.2h+2h'2α+2α) = (N~(3/2)/g3)<(-1)~(α3)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.3) 其中g_i, α_i (i = 1, 2, 3) 与具体空间群有关。在mm2点群中的空间群都可得出六个公式,在mmm点群中的空间群都可得出二十八个公式。首先按照从低级到高级的顺序,将PT,P_(21),P(2/N),C_(2/c)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用,然后将P_(2,2,2),P(na21)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用。由于未找到mmm点群空间群的结构实例,故为mmm点群空间群的公式未予应用附加地,推导了四方晶系I_(42a),I_(41/a)两空间群的公式,对I_(42a)的公式也进行了应用,由应用结果可得出:(一)代数方法推导的思路和数学方法是验证正确的,在含有主原子的结构中,由强度量算法的二十至三十个相角基本与正确值吻合(一般只有一、二个不等)。(二)在代数方法计算的同时,也进行了概率Σ_4元素的计算,可以得出,代数方法速度要快得多,特别是正交晶系中,时间上的优势更突出,数据剔除的依据也更比概率Σ_4关系明显。(三)代数方法在含有重原子的结构中比只含轻原子的结构中好用。这种特点和概率Σ_4关系一样。另外,和论文题目独立地,在低温条件下作者测定了杂多酸K_(11)[DY(SiMo_(11)O_(39))_2],28H_2O的晶体结构,晶体属单斜晶系的P_(21/n)空间群,Z = 4, 晶格参数为:a = 17.256(3), b = 26.817(4), C = 21.797(4)A, β = 104.39(1)°,最后的R = 0.0637。
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本论文合成了R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (R = La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dr、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)、Y_2Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (x = 0.10~1.17)和Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)S_x (x = 0~2),并对磁性和超导电性进行了较为系统的研究。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的磁化率在T > Tc的很宽的温度范围内服从Curic-Weiss定律,求得的有效磁矩略大于理论值,差值与Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Cu~(2+)磁矩相近,说明Cu~(2+)的磁矩对体系磁性有额外贡献,这贡献随R~(3+)离子中自旋平行的电子权的增多而增大。其高温下的磁化率CT > 700K)相对Curic-Weiss定律发生较大偏离,这偏离可能的来源有三个:高温下稀土离子发生较大的能级反转效应,高温下结构相变对磁性的影响,高温下氧含量减少造成Cu~(2+)磁矩增大。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)磁化率在T < Tc时也服从Curic-Weiss定律,R~(3+)磁矩是定域的,表明超导与磁性相互独立。互不相关,稀土磁矩与传导电子间无相互作用。用Sr取代R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中的Ba,没能使体系产生磁有序的变化,但却使有效磁矩增大,并完全破坏了样品的超导电性。Sm~(3+)磁化率不服从Curic-Weiss定律,在Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Sm~(3+)显示了典型Van VlccK离子的特性。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)随氧含量减少发生超导体一半导体一绝缘体的转化,当氧含量由6.90减小至6.49时发生由正交到四方的结构相变。当(7-x) = 5.83时有较多杂质相出现,123相开始分解。样品磁化率均服从Curic-Weiss定律,并随氧含量增大磁化率-温度曲线越来越趋于平缓(直线),当(7-x) = 6.90时磁化率基本不随温度变化,这时Pauli顺磁性占主导地位,这说明氧含量增加定域磁矩减少,求得的有效磁矩Peff随氧含量增大总趋势减小。提出了电子“巡游”的观点,较好地解释了上述现象,并推测出Cu(2)的d电子是离域的,对样品磁矩没有贡献,样品Peff来源于部分Cu(1)的定域Cu~(2+)的磁矩,上述推测被EPR结果证实。正交相Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR谱显示了中心对称成准立方晶场中Cu~(2+)(d~9, S = 1/2, I = 3/2)的EPR物性。而四方相样品的EPR谱却出现了明显的各向异性,说明观察到的为Cu(1)的EPR信号,由Cu(1)~(2+)的写域磁矩产生。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR信号束源于本体相,而非Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2、Y_2BaCuO_5等杂质相。各样品EPR信号的自旋浓度远小于1spin/cu,并随氧含量减小而增大,当(7-x) = 6.49、6.40时自旋浓度出现陡增,这时伴随由正交到四方的转化,证明了电子“巡游”观点的正确。用硫部分取代Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_2g中的氧,当Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)Sx中x = 0.11时Tc = 92.6K,比Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)升高2K,但由于杂质相的存在,ΔTc加宽。其他样品多为半导体和绝缘体。硫取代0,当x = 0.04,0.06,0.11和1.20时磁化率服从Curic-Weiss定律,并且x = 0.87,1.2时分别在230K、240K出现反铁磁有序。其他样品由于Cu被还原为+1价而变成抗磁性。x = 0.11 (Tc = 92.6K),EPR谱为正交场中Cu~(2+)的信号。自旋浓度与温度无关。当所有Cu均为Cu~(1+)时,测问的是-s-的EPR信号,而Cu为混合价态(+1和+2时)测问是上述两种信号的叠加。
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介绍了超导转子旋转驱动原理以及应用在超导转子旋转装置中的一种光纤传感测量系统。光纤传感测量系统包括微位移光纤传感器、转速光纤传感器、电机控制光纤传感器和信号读取图形,该系统能够进行转子悬浮微位移和旋转速度的测量并提供转子旋转所需的控制信号。在4.2K低温下进行了转子悬浮和旋转实验,超导球形转子悬浮微位移测量分辨率为10μm,转子转速达到了1365r/min。实验结果为进一步应用光纤传感测量系统精确监控超导转子工作姿态提供了参考。
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研究了 1 5.1 4MeV/u136 Xe离子在不同批次的 3 2k× 8bits静态存储器中所引起的单粒子效应 .获得了单粒子翻转和单粒子闭锁截面与入射角度的依赖关系 .将单粒子效应截面与灵敏区中沉积的能量相联系 ,而不是线性能量转移(LET)值 .估计了灵敏体积的深度和死层的厚度 .
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采用距离相关紧束缚的分子动力学模型 ,在不同初始温度T0 =0 .0 2K、50K、10 0K、2 0 0K、30 0K、4 0 0K时 ,对Na8+Na8在质心系轰击能量为 0 .0 12 5eV/n的中心碰撞时的反应动力学进行了研究。发现团簇碰撞动力学与初始温度密切相关。在T0 <10 0K时 ,初始温度不影响反应动力学 ,而在T0 =4 0 0K时将对反应动力学有强烈影响。
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采用5台1.5W/4.2KG-M制冷机(日本住友RDK415D)并联研制出了1台方便实验室使用的小型氦液化装置,并为其建立了性能测量实验台。实验结果表明:液氦温度为4.17K(饱和压力为96kPa)时,氦液化率为74L/d;液氦温度为4.42K(饱和压力为121kPa)时,液化率为116L/d,经拟合,在4.2K(饱和压力为100kPa)时液化率为83L/d,并且通过100小时以上的连续运行,说明该氦液化装置自循环性能良好。通过实验发现:实测氦液化率远大于制冷机冷头制冷量对应的计算氦液化率。分析认为:G-M制冷机气缸壁对氦气预冷是提高实际氦液化率的主要因素。
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中国签订了为德国FAIR国际大科学工程加工SUPER-FRS/CR超导二极磁铁样机的合作备忘录。该超导二极磁铁属于常温铁芯、低温线圈的超导磁铁,该磁铁的磁场强度0.15~1.6T,偏转角度15°,偏转半径8125mm,磁场精度要求±1×10-4,磁铁总重量约50吨。磁铁铁芯采用0.5mm的硅钢片叠压成型,由中科院近代物理研究(IMP)所计算、设计制造,线圈采用4.2K液氦浸泡式超导线圈,由合肥等离子体所设计制造(IPP)。 超导磁体的力学性能分析一直是超导磁体的基础问题。本文利用有限元分析方法,借助有限分析工具ANSYS、ADINA、OPERA等,分析了超导磁体的电磁场,着重模拟计算了SUPER-FRS/CR超导二极磁铁的电磁力作用;模拟了降温过程,计算了杜瓦、线圈热应力的作用;并对SUPER-FRS/CR超导线圈进行地震载荷作用的模拟。对以上不同的受力作用所遵循的不同的机械设计准则,进行不同的分析,最后计算结果证明设计的结构是安全、可靠的。由于超导线圈的结构复杂,导致在线圈拐角的地方应力有些集中,但是并不影响结构的可靠性。 本文还介绍了超导实验线圈的一些工艺设计,例如超导线圈的绕制,低温材料的选择,电流引线的设计工艺,以及VPI工艺。并对实验磁体进行了一系列的低温性能测试,例如短样测试、降温实验等,获得了一些重要的低温实验参数。这些参数将为以后超导磁体的研制提供宝贵的依据
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Vanadium(III) complexes bearing salicylaldiminato ligands (2a-k) [RN=CH(Ar0)]VCl2(THF)2 (Ar C61714, R = Ph, 2a; p-CF3Ph, 2b; p-CH3Ph, 2c; 2,6-Me2Ph, 2d; 2,6-iPr2Ph, 2e; cyclohexyl, 2f; Ar = C6H3tBu(2), R = Ph, 2g; 2,6-iPr2Ph, 2h; Ar = C6H2tBU2(2,4), R = Ph, 2i; 2,6-iPr2Ph, 2j; Ar = C6H2Br2, R = Ph, 2k) were prepared from VC13(THF)3 by treating with 1.0 equiv of (RN=CH)ArOH in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of excess triethylamine (TEA).
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A series of aryl hydroxylactams (2a, 2b, 2d-2g, 2i-2k, 2m, and 2n) was synthesized by partially reducing aryl cyclic imides in moderate to excellent yields with activated zinc dust alone in acetic acid. This method was regiospecific and can be employed as an alternative for reported methods to partially reduce aryl cyclic imides.
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A unique reverse micelle method has been developed to prepare gold-coated iron (Fe@Au) nanoparticles. XRD, UV/vis, TEM, and magnetic measurements are utilized to characterize the nanocomposites. XRD only gives FCC patterns of gold for the obtained nanoparticles. The absorption band of the Fe@Au colloid shifts to a longer wavelength and broadens relative to that of the pure gold colloid. TEM results show that the average size of Fe@Au nanoparticles is about 10 nm, These nanoparticles are self-assembled into chains on micron scale under a 0.5 T magnetic field. Magnetic measurements show that the particles are superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature (T-B) of 42 K, At 300 K (above T-B), no coercivity (Hc) and remanence (M-r) is observed in the magnetization curve, while at 2K (below T-B) He and M, are observed to be 728 Oe and 4.12 emu/g, respectively, (C) 2001 Academic Press.
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Compatibilization of blends of polybutadiene and poly(methyl methacrylate) with butadiene-methyl methacrylate diblock copolymers has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. When the diblock copolymers are added to the blends, the size of PB particles decreases and their size distribution gets narrower. In PB/PMMA7.6K blends with P(B-b-MMA)25.2K as a compatibilizer, most of micelles exist in the PMMA phase. However, using P(B-b-MMA)38K as a compatibilizer, the micellar aggregation exists in PB particles besides that existing in the PMMA phase. The core of a micelle in the PMMA phase is about 10 nm. In this article the influences of temperature and homo-PMMA molecular weight on compatibilization were also examined. At a high temperature PB particles in blends tend to agglomerate into bigger particles. When the molecular weight of PMMA is close to that of the corresponding block of the copolymer, the best compatibilization result would be achieved. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.