1000 resultados para governança democràtica


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A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, está direcionada às políticas educacionais voltadas para a descentralização, que tem seu campo de atuação no universo micro da escola. Nesse contexto, é evidenciado o papel dos colegiados escolares, entre eles o Conselho de Classe e Série, pois esse vem se concretizando como um dos espaços que mais favorecem a participação dos diferentes segmentos da escola, tornando-se determinante para a qualidade da democratização da gestão escolar e do ensino-aprendizagem. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três momentos: 1) análise da documentação escolar; 2) observações em uma instituição escolar estadual da rede pública de São Bernardo do Campo e 3) entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas com pais, alunos, professores e gestores que serviram de suporte para tecer as considerações sobre as práticas realizadas durante os Conselhos de Classe e Série. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: verificar como vem se estruturando a participação, seus acertos e desacertos na construção da gestão democrática da escola; desvelar o processo de implantação; entender como se dão as relações entre avaliação e aprendizagem em sala de aula. Mesmo tratando-se de um estudo de caso referente ao Conselho de Classe e Série, pode-se concluir que a participação é mediada por relações de poder, que se revelam a partir da interpretação das falas, e que estas se apresentam como determinantes para a ampliação da democracia dentro do ambiente escolar.(AU)

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O presente trabalho enfoca a participação e atuação dos pais no Conselho de Escola. Tal participação passou a ser possível após a Constituição de 1988 e a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº. 9394/96 LDBEN. O estudo tem por objetivo identificar a concepção de participação dos pais membros do Conselho de Escola, e traçar os possíveis perfis ideológicos dos mesmos quanto à gestão escolar. A pesquisa é de natureza empírica, todavia ela se apóia em perfis ideológicos, construídos a partir de análises propiciadas pela Sociologia da Educação e pela Ciência Política. Como referencial teórico apropriamo-nos de Luis Pereira, Juan Bordenave, Maurício Tragtenberg, Edmundo Campos e de C.B. Macpherson. A pesquisa concentrou-se em uma das escolas da Rede Estadual no Município de São Bernardo do Campo SP. Utilizamos métodos de pesquisa de campo e bibliográfica. Além da pesquisa de campo, que teve como base entrevista qualitativa e semi-aberta, realizamos análises das Legislações Federal e Estadual com o objetivo de verificarmos as lacunas existentes na legislação, assim como os limites por ela impostos à participação dos pais na gestão escolar.(AU)

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Este trabalho teve como propósito a análise da gestão democrática de uma escola do Sistema S, especificamente o Centro Educacional SESI Nº 406, localizado na cidade de Mauá, uma das 211 escolas que compõem a Rede Escolar SESI do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2007, tendo como referência a análise do contexto histórico das lutas travadas pela democratização da sociedade no período que sucede a ditadura militar. O ensino como direito de todos, os mecanismos de participação, a inserção da comunidade escolar nos processos decisórios e a construção da gestão democrática da escola, foram movimentos que acompanharam o processo de redemocratização da sociedade no início da década de 1980. O estudo discute os caminhos trilhados para a conquista da gestão democrática, identificando mudanças e as transformações ocorridas no período em questão. Utilizamos como recurso para a coleta de dados a análise de documentos da instituição, a observação participante, a coleta de depoimentos escritos e gravados de alunos, professores e demais integrantes da comunidade escolar. Os dados desta pesquisa revelam que a mudança de postura do gestor, no sentido de possibilitar a diluição do poder, é imprescindível para a ruptura dos modelos de administração verticalizada e centralizadora, tendo este o gestor o papel fundamental de articulador das ações que priorizem o coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam o reconhecimento positivo do conjunto de atores sociais entrevistados quanto aos avanços da gestão democrática, considerada é um processo em construção. Concluímos com Coutinho (2004), que a democracia deve ser entendida não como um estado, mas sempre como um processo.

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Este estudo aborda os esforços para a democratização das escolas da rede municipal de Santo André (SP) e as políticas públicas implementadas para atingir esse fim no período de 1997 a 2008, tendo como foco principal a construção do projeto político pedagógico como alternativa democrática e buscando identificar a criação de mecanismos que corroboraram com essa construção. De caráter qualitativo, a pesquisa desenvolveu um trabalho de campo pautado na investigação dos documentos produzidos no período, realizou entrevistas, aplicou questionários e utilizaram-se grupos focais, a fim de que os dados possibilitassem uma reflexão teórica e uma análise dialogal sobre a temática escolhida. Apresenta-se um estudo bibliográfico ancorado nas idéias de Antonio Gramsci, o teórico da hegemonia cultural, que inspirou a caminhada em direção à democratização. Procura-se encontrar, ao longo desta pesquisa, o movimento contra-hegemônico que possa indicar sinais de possíveis mudanças na escola e sua contribuição com a construção de um espaço democrático. O projeto político pedagógico é visto como referência para o diálogo, e discutem-se sua elaboração, acompanhamento e avaliação com base no conceito de "qualidade negociada" a partir das contribuições de Luiz Carlos de Freitas. Também se expõem contribuições de autores econhecidos no meio acadêmico que pesquisam a temática em pauta, trazendo à tona a dinâmica contraditória e conflituosa para a instauração de processos participativos em um país de tradição autoritária como o Brasil. A análise dos dados permitiu apresentar e reconhecer os limites da gestão escolar historicamente centralizada e hierarquizada, observando neste processo a criação de mecanismos de participação para que uma nova cultura de gestão da escola seja construída. A pesquisa elucida a importância da construção do lugar do convívio ou seja, de luta, segundo Gramsci, e de fronteira, segundo Freitas , espaço que pode permitir a criação das possibilidades de atuação social construídas pela sociedade política e pela sociedade civil.(AU)

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A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, está direcionada à análise das políticas educacionais ligadas à democratização da gestão escolar e demais processos escolares ligados à avaliação. Nesse contexto, é evidenciado o Conselho de Classe e Série, pois esse vem se concretizando como um dos espaços que favorecem a participação de pais e alunos, tornando-se fator determinante para a qualidade da democratização da gestão escolar e do ensino-aprendizagem. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três momentos: (1) análise da documentação escolar; (2) estudo de caso em duas instituições escolares da Rede Pública de São Paulo e (3) entrevistas com pais, alunos, professores e gestores que serviram de parâmetros para saber como estão realizadas as reuniões de Conselho de Classe e Série. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram voltados para verificar como vem sendo estruturada a participação da comunidade na construção da gestão democrática da escola, principalmente nas práticas do Conselho de Classe e Série.(AU)

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El incremento en la publicación de antologías de poesía española iniciado en el franquismo como proceso de creación de un canon literario alcanza su culminación durante la democracia, sobre todo entre 1995 y 2008. El presente ensayo analiza esa proliferación antológica desde la perspectiva de la política cultural desplegada por los distintos gobiernos democráticos y desde los presupuestos teóricos del capital cultural. Cuestiones tales como los hábitos de lectura, el valor simbólico del libro y de las antologías, y el proceso de canonización de los estamentos académicos, así como de los premios, conforman el eje de este estudio.

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This paper analyzed the relation between participation and school autonomy, observing Director actions and School Council actions and if school has pedagogic, administrative and financial autonomy. This is a descriptive search, with quantitative approach, realized in 47 state schools in Rio Grande do Norte, and composed by 292 participants, divided in 3 groups (Direction, Coordination and School Council). The instrument to catch data was a questionnaire and the data treatment realized by way descriptive statistic and inferences using X 2 test. The results show that school administration is composed in great part by women with specialization grade. All schools have School Council and Financial Council, but have not Parents and Masters Association and just one of them has Student Guild. The direction choose process is, in 83% of the schools, by elective way. The indicators show that the relation involving family, society and school stays weak, but Directors, Coordinators and School Council members develop their functions with coherence. About autonomy, it is limited and presents correlation with participation, but the educational system stays rigid and centralizer

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The water being vital natural resource and factor of economic and social development requires effective management and protection by the State. This thesis examines the panorama of National Water Resources Policy and the establishment of an effectively integrated management, shared and participative, contextualizing the principles foreseen in the policy. The work is focused on the discussion of public policies of access to water, analyzing the Fresh Water Program in semi-arid region of Brazil as a strategy of coexistence and permanence of a public policy that ensures the priority use, which is for human consumption. The conceptual framework of this study relies primarily on the contributions of authors in the field recognized as governance and water management. A study on the process of implementation of the various "institutions and policies" related to water management was promoted, contextualizing the change of paradigm in the transition from the centralized model to the one that takes into account the social participation, opening in this way broader perspectives for the analysis of the contents and of the impacts of these policies. The development of this study was conducted by the follow-up – both face-to-face as documentary-field – of the activities carried out while consultant of the Fresh Water Program. The history of water management in the semi-arid region was studied, depicting conflict movements and cooperation among actors. Despite the great obstacles to accomplish the shared and decentralized management, the study of this thesis points to a gradual improvement in the formulation of public policies that take into consideration governance and participatory management of water resources, with positive prospects towards the implementation of coordinated and cooperative actions in the region that mainly suffers from the shortage of rainfall, hence of shortage of water for irrigation and human consumption

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The configuration assumed by the institutional governance arrangement established in the cities of Fortaleza and Natal, and its influence on the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning that promotes the formation and integration into the labor market of teens and young people aged 14 to 24 years old and people with disabilities is the aim of this thesis. The interactive governance approach, proposed by Kooiman (2003.2008) was the mainstay of the epistemological construction of the investigative process, also supported by contributions from Draibe (2001) concerning the stages of implementation of public policies. In methodological terms, the approach used was qualitative, being performed descriptive bibliographical and documentary research, applying semi-structured interviews with 44 subjects. Data were based on Bardin (2011), having been pre-established two categories of analysis: governance and implementation. The results pointed, among other things, to greater diversity and dynamics of the arrangement in Fortaleza, highlighting the much larger number of accessions of Nonprofit Entities (ESFLs) to politics, more frequent interactions between stakeholders from different organizational levels of governance, better alignment between guiding governance images and spaces designed to encourage interactions among actors and also greater local government involvement. In both cities studied, on the other hand, the study indicated that the failure of institutional capacities adversely affect the interactions stimulation and the exercise of meta-governance. The thesis concluded that the shape and intensity of the interactions between the actors involved in the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning and the way images are shared results in greater understanding and dissemination of the policy and create a favorable environment for cooperation and dialogue needed to collective work and favors the modeling of a governance structure able to handle the demands and characteristics of organizations and their participants in order to accommodate the divergent interests, make room for the creation of innovations and convergence of actions to achieve the objectives of the policy. Thus, the results of the Professional Learning Policy in the cities of Natal and Fortaleza, in terms of levels of entering the labor market, can be understood from the differences found in the governance structure of the institutional arrangement used for its implementation.

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In contemporary dynamics, a change is observed in the institutional structure of the state, culminating in several policies for the tourist sector which promote a new management format. The from this view, the Tourism Regionalization Macro Program (TRP), considered a significant program to Ministry of Tourism, arose as an answer to this new reality, having as strategy a joint working of structuring and promotion turned at decentralization of actions, valuing the residents participation in the search of the permanent dialogue between peers and revaluation of places and territories, based in the regionalization process. Based on this bias, this study aims to examine the role of the Tourism State Council of Rio Grande do Norte, with regard to the tourism planning, trying to understand it and solve it as governance Instance, through the Tourism Regionalization Program interventions, given the participation context of its actors and agents. For purposes of this study is delimited as time frame the year 2007 at 2014, understanding that it was this time, there was greater council members accession, as well as different types of sectors representation of civil society, as a result of a tourism public policy based on principles of innovation and participation. In relation to the research problem, this study is conceptualized as a qualitative and the chosen method is the materialist dialectic. Still on the methodological options, utilize the Content Analysis. The results show that the institutionalization of governance instance as the Conetur does not contributes, ideally, in the planning and management process of participatory and integrated tourist activity, facing a fair direction of your space production. The research indicates that there are debates, discussions and guidelines (still in a timely and targeted form), but not reverberates practical effects, by act in a conjuncture that Is strategically designed for political and economic power game, setting the hegemonic actors performance, which uses this arena to instill personal desires and wishes, that are decided in absentia to the council.

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Increasingly, the Information Technology (IT) has been used to sustain the business strategies, causing increased its relevance. Therefore IT governance is seen as one of the priorities of organizations at the time. The search for strategic alignment between business and IT is debated as a factor for business success, but even with that importance, usually the main business managers are reluctant to take responsibility for decisions involving IT, mainly due to the complexity of your infrastructure. Since cloud computing is being seen as an element capable of assisting in the implementation of organizational strategies, because their characteristics enable greater efficiency and agility in IT, and is considered as a new computing paradigm. The main objective of the analyze the relationship between IT governance arrangements and strategic alignment with the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) of public cloud computing. Therefore, an exploratory, descriptive and inferential was developed, with approach to the problem of quantitatively research, with descriptive survey method and cross section. An electronic questionnaire that was applied to the ISACA chapters Associates of São Paulo and the Distrito Federal, totaling 164 respondents was used. The instrument used based on the theories of Weill and Ross (2006) for array of IT governance arrangement; Henderson and Venkatraman (1993) and Luftman (2000), for maturity of the strategic alignment model; and NIST (2011 b), ITGI (2007) and CSA (2010) for infrastructure maturity as a service (IaaS) public in its essential characteristics. As regards the main results, this research proved that with public IaaS decision-making structures have changed, with a greater participation of senior executives in all five key IT decisions (IT governance arrangement array) including more technical decisions as architecture and IT infrastructure. With increased participation of senior executives the decrease was also observed in the share of IT specialists, characterizing the decision process with the duopoly archetype (shared decision). With regard to strategic alignment, it was observed that it changes with cloud computing, and organizations with public IaaS, a maturity of strategic alignment with statistically significant and greater difference when compared to organizations without IaaS. The maturity of public IaaS is at the intermediate level (level 3 - "defined process"), with the elasticity and measurement achieved level 4 - "managed and measurable" It was also possible to infer in organizations with public IaaS, there are positive correlations between the key decisions and the maturity of IaaS, especially at the beginning, architecture and infrastructure, and the archetypes involving senior executives and IT specialists. In the correlation between the maturity and mature strategic alignment of public IaaS therefore the higher the strategic alignment, the greater the maturity of the public IaaS and vice versa.

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A obra, intitulada “Gestão Educacional Democrática: avaliação e práticas”, organizada pelas professoras Luciane Terra dos Santos Garcia e Alessandra Cardoso de Freitas, reuniu textos que investigam vários aspectos das políticas educacionais relacionadas diretamente com o título do livro, integrando três eixos temáticos: o primeiro focado na gestão educacional democrática; o segundo, na avaliação institucional, nos sistemas e nas escolas; e o terceiro enfatiza a gestão e as práticas de intervenção. Trata-se de um esforço das Linhas de Pesquisa Política e Práxis de Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que vem contribuindo por meio das suas publicações para a sistematização do conhecimento na área das políticas educacionais. Os textos, na sua maioria, resultam de pesquisas realizadas por professores e alunos do Programa de Pós-Graduação dessa instituição, como também conta com a participação de pesquisadores da temática de outras instituições nacionais.

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Nowadays the rapid growth of urban centers, the accumulation of social and environmental demands, the relationship between public policy and increasingly complex problems accentuates the feeling that cities undergo an urban crisis. This crisis is especially characterized by its multidimensionality, which goes through economic, cultural, ethical, environmental and, above all, political issues. In order to study the core of this crisis that is manifested by the urbanization process and has in its exacerbation on the metropolitan areas was conducted conceptual and theoretical study of the meaning of sustainable development applied to the everyday reality of cities, extracting from this debate concepts, such as: sustainable territorial development, administrative sustainability and political sustainability. Looking forward to test this the practical applicability of these theoretical concepts studied, an empirical study was done on the reality of metropolitan solid waste in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. According to the recent theoretical debate, the waste comprises a sector of the urban environmental crisis that best represents the relationship between man and environment. Ensuring the multidimensionality of environmental issues through the “Saber Ambietal” (LEFF, 2005), was made a extensive qualitative study correlating the concepts of sustainable territorial development, metropolitan governance and “Saber Ambiental” applied on solid waste. The results point to the real challenges of municipal government in understanding the real situation, take action and change the inertia in which have operated in recent decades. The results also showed the importance of transforming environmental issues in political, in other words, struggle for ideas, ideological and ethical references.

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Nowadays the rapid growth of urban centers, the accumulation of social and environmental demands, the relationship between public policy and increasingly complex problems accentuates the feeling that cities undergo an urban crisis. This crisis is especially characterized by its multidimensionality, which goes through economic, cultural, ethical, environmental and, above all, political issues. In order to study the core of this crisis that is manifested by the urbanization process and has in its exacerbation on the metropolitan areas was conducted conceptual and theoretical study of the meaning of sustainable development applied to the everyday reality of cities, extracting from this debate concepts, such as: sustainable territorial development, administrative sustainability and political sustainability. Looking forward to test this the practical applicability of these theoretical concepts studied, an empirical study was done on the reality of metropolitan solid waste in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. According to the recent theoretical debate, the waste comprises a sector of the urban environmental crisis that best represents the relationship between man and environment. Ensuring the multidimensionality of environmental issues through the “Saber Ambietal” (LEFF, 2005), was made a extensive qualitative study correlating the concepts of sustainable territorial development, metropolitan governance and “Saber Ambiental” applied on solid waste. The results point to the real challenges of municipal government in understanding the real situation, take action and change the inertia in which have operated in recent decades. The results also showed the importance of transforming environmental issues in political, in other words, struggle for ideas, ideological and ethical references.