Estudo da influência de sistemas microemulsionados na molhabilidade de arenitos e na recuperação avançada de petróleo

Sandstone-type reservoir rocks are commonly responsible for oil accumulation. The wettability is an important parameter for the physical properties of the container, since it interferes in characteristics such as relative permeability to the aqueous phase, residual oil distribution in the reservoir, operating characteristics with waterflood and recovery of crude oil. This study applied different types of microemulsion systems - MES - in sandstone reservoirs and evaluated their influences on wettability and residual oil recovery. For this purpose, four microemulsion were prepared by changing the nature of ionic surfactants (ionic and nonionic). Microemulsions could then be characterized by surface tension analysis, density, particle diameter and viscosity in the temperature range 30° C to 70° C. The studied oil was described as light and the sandstone rock was derived from the Botucatu formation. The study of the influence of microemulsion systems on sandstone wettability was performed by contact angle measurements using as parameters the rock treatment time with the MES and the time after the brine surface contact by checking the angle variation behavior. In the study results, the rock was initially wettable to oil and had its wettability changed to mixed wettability after treatment with MES, obtaining preference for water. Regarding rock-MES contact time, it was observed that the rock wettability changed more when the contact time between the surface and the microemulsion systems was longer. It was also noted only a significant reduction for the first 5 minutes of interaction between the treated surface and brine. The synthesized anionic surfactant, commercial cationic, commercial anionic and commercial nonionic microemulsion systems presented the best results, respectively. With regard to enhanced oil recovery performance, all systems showed a significant percentage of recovered oil, with the anionic systems presenting the best results. A percentage of 80% recovery was reached, confirming the wettability study results, which pointed the influence of this property on the interaction of fluids and reservoir rock, and the ability of microemulsion systems to perform enhanced oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs.

Estudo da influência de sistemas microemulsionados na molhabilidade de arenitos e na recuperação avançada de petróleo

Sandstone-type reservoir rocks are commonly responsible for oil accumulation. The wettability is an important parameter for the physical properties of the container, since it interferes in characteristics such as relative permeability to the aqueous phase, residual oil distribution in the reservoir, operating characteristics with waterflood and recovery of crude oil. This study applied different types of microemulsion systems - MES - in sandstone reservoirs and evaluated their influences on wettability and residual oil recovery. For this purpose, four microemulsion were prepared by changing the nature of ionic surfactants (ionic and nonionic). Microemulsions could then be characterized by surface tension analysis, density, particle diameter and viscosity in the temperature range 30° C to 70° C. The studied oil was described as light and the sandstone rock was derived from the Botucatu formation. The study of the influence of microemulsion systems on sandstone wettability was performed by contact angle measurements using as parameters the rock treatment time with the MES and the time after the brine surface contact by checking the angle variation behavior. In the study results, the rock was initially wettable to oil and had its wettability changed to mixed wettability after treatment with MES, obtaining preference for water. Regarding rock-MES contact time, it was observed that the rock wettability changed more when the contact time between the surface and the microemulsion systems was longer. It was also noted only a significant reduction for the first 5 minutes of interaction between the treated surface and brine. The synthesized anionic surfactant, commercial cationic, commercial anionic and commercial nonionic microemulsion systems presented the best results, respectively. With regard to enhanced oil recovery performance, all systems showed a significant percentage of recovered oil, with the anionic systems presenting the best results. A percentage of 80% recovery was reached, confirming the wettability study results, which pointed the influence of this property on the interaction of fluids and reservoir rock, and the ability of microemulsion systems to perform enhanced oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs.

Petrologia do Plutão Bom Jardim de Goiás (PBJG): implicação na evolução neoproterozoica da Província Tocantins

The Bom Jardim de Goiás Pluton (PBJG) is a semi-circular body, located in the central portion of the Tocantins Province, intrusive into orthogneisses and metassupracrustals of the Arenópolis Magmatic Arc. These metasupracrustals present a low to moderate dipping banding or schistosity, have a low to moderate angle of banding / foliation, defined by mica, andalusite and sillimanite and cordierite, which characterize an amphibolite facies metamorphism. This structure is crosscut by the emplacement of the PBJG rocks. The abrupt nature of the contacts and the absence of ductile structures indicate that the intrusion took place in a relatively cold crust. Under petrographic grounds, the pluton consists mainly of monzodiorites, tonalite and granodiorite, following the low to medium-K calk-alkaline alkaline trend. Rocks of the PBJG have hornblende and biotite as the main mafic phases, besides subordinate clinopyroxene, titanite, epidote and opaque. Late dikes of leucogranite contain only mineral biotite as relevant accessory mineral. One U-Pb zircon dating of a monzodiorite yielded an age of 550 ± 12 Ma (MSWD = 1.06). Whole-rock and mineral chemistry suggest that the studied rocks are calc-alkaline, having evolved by fractional crystallization of Ca- and Fe-Mg minerals under high oxygen fugacity. Using the amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer and the Al-in amphibole geobarometer, we calculate temperatures and pressures of, respectively, 692-791 °C e 2.4-5.0 kbar for the intrusion of the PBJG, which is corroborated by previous metamorphic assemblages in the country rocks. The geological, geochemical and geochronological features of PBJG demonstrate their post-tectonic or post-collisional nature, with emplacement into an already uplifted and relatively cool crust at the end of brasiliano orogeny in this portion of the Tocantins Province.

Petrologia do Plutão Bom Jardim de Goiás (PBJG): implicação na evolução neoproterozoica da Província Tocantins

The Bom Jardim de Goiás Pluton (PBJG) is a semi-circular body, located in the central portion of the Tocantins Province, intrusive into orthogneisses and metassupracrustals of the Arenópolis Magmatic Arc. These metasupracrustals present a low to moderate dipping banding or schistosity, have a low to moderate angle of banding / foliation, defined by mica, andalusite and sillimanite and cordierite, which characterize an amphibolite facies metamorphism. This structure is crosscut by the emplacement of the PBJG rocks. The abrupt nature of the contacts and the absence of ductile structures indicate that the intrusion took place in a relatively cold crust. Under petrographic grounds, the pluton consists mainly of monzodiorites, tonalite and granodiorite, following the low to medium-K calk-alkaline alkaline trend. Rocks of the PBJG have hornblende and biotite as the main mafic phases, besides subordinate clinopyroxene, titanite, epidote and opaque. Late dikes of leucogranite contain only mineral biotite as relevant accessory mineral. One U-Pb zircon dating of a monzodiorite yielded an age of 550 ± 12 Ma (MSWD = 1.06). Whole-rock and mineral chemistry suggest that the studied rocks are calc-alkaline, having evolved by fractional crystallization of Ca- and Fe-Mg minerals under high oxygen fugacity. Using the amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer and the Al-in amphibole geobarometer, we calculate temperatures and pressures of, respectively, 692-791 °C e 2.4-5.0 kbar for the intrusion of the PBJG, which is corroborated by previous metamorphic assemblages in the country rocks. The geological, geochemical and geochronological features of PBJG demonstrate their post-tectonic or post-collisional nature, with emplacement into an already uplifted and relatively cool crust at the end of brasiliano orogeny in this portion of the Tocantins Province.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

A organização da educação no território federal do Amapá: do "ideal" ao real, do liberal ao conservador (1943-1958)

The present study on “organization education on Amapá’s Federal Territory (1943-1958)”, looked forward to answering the following questions: Was there an educational policy, in a systemic way, on the former Amapá’s federal territory? On the other hand, what were the main initiatives of the first intervenors for the education dissemination? After facing these questions, we established, as hypothesis, that the developed actions in the education’s scope on that territory back in the 40’s and 50’s were not able to implant an educational project in Amapá, since there was no preoccupation to understanding the sociocultural reality of Amapá’s population. Given this hypothesis, we analyzed the relation between the political practices developed by the first intervenor on the territory and the brazilian political scenario, from the legal-administrative nature of the federal entities and political conjuncture of the “New State” (1937-1945). To achieve that, we sought some similarities between Janary Gentil Nunes’s ways of governing and Getúlio Vargas’s political actions. To make this happen, it was necessary to check official documents out, as well as unofficial ones, especially the old articles published by “Amapá”, the local newspaper, official press tool back then, which disseminated the beliefs and values of the constituted authorities, with the purpose of “strengthen” the “modernization” ideal on the people. Such practice was based on the attempt of breaking off sociocultural economic backwardness of the territory, hiding out the reality of the Amapá’s population, marked by poverty, a high illiteracy rate and the typical tropical diseases from Amazon (Malaria). During the rupture’s process between the old and the modern, the education takes on a major role in the official speech, being used as political advertisement and as essential element to the modernization and to the development of a “new man”: now “civilized”. However, the investigation on the expansion of the elementary education in Amapá, showed us the presence of a significant number of rural schools, in contradiction to the disseminated urban modernization promise around there. In this sense, we can affirm that educational policy on Amapá’s territory failed by reasons of being based on the “transplantation” of the Federal District’s educational project, and it is important to recall that, back then, the brazilian Federal District was Rio de Janeiro. Despite the public agents had established uncountable schools on rural areas, these were not carried out from a more systemic process, this is, considering the reality of the Amazon’s "cabloco". So, we observed the existence of the separation between the modern speech and the maintenance of old oligarchic practices by that time.

Morfometria dos forames mandibular, mentual e infraorbital de Lobo-guará Chrysocyon brachyurus, Illiger, 1815 aplicada a bloqueios anestésicos

CHAPTER II - The Chrysocyon brachyurus is the biggest South American canid which has a high frequency of dental injuries, both in wild and captivity. Thus, veterinary procedures are necessary to preserve the feeding capacity of hundreds of captive specimens worldwide. The aim of this study was to study the mandibular morphometry of maned wolf with emphasis on the establishment of anatomic references to the anesthetic blockage of the inferior alveolar and mental nerves. Therefore, 15 measurements in 22 hemimandibles of C. brachyurus adults were taken. For extra-oral technique of blockage of the inferior alveolar nerve at the level of the mandibular foramen, it is stated that the needle should be advanced, close to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, by 11.4 mm perpendiculary from the palpable concavity. Alternatively, the needle can be introduced for 30.4 mm from the angular process at 20-25 degrees angle with the ventral margin. For blocking only the mentual nerve, it is recommended the introduction of needle for 10 mm, close to the lateral aspect of the mandibular body, at the level of the lower first premolar. The mandibular foramen showed similars position, size and symmetry in the maned wolfs specimens examined. The comparison of the data with those available for other carnivores reflects the necessity for determining these anatomical references specifically for each species.

Avaliação da soldagem GMAW mecanizada e automatizada para união de dutos utilizando fontes convencional e com controle de curto- circuito

Welding is one of the most employed process for joining steel pipes. Although, manual welding is still the most used one, mechanized version and even automatized one have increased its demand. Thus, this work deals with girth welding of API 5L X65 pipes with 8” of nominal diameter and 8.0 mm thickness, beveled with V-30º narrow gap. Torch is moved by a bug carrier (mechanized welding) and further the parameters are controlled as a function of angular position (automatized welding). Welding parameters are presented for filling the joint with two-passes (root and filling/capping passes). Parameters for the root pass were extracted from previous author´s work with weldments carried out in plates, but validated in this work for pipe welding. GMAW processes were assessed with short-circuit metal transfer in both conventional and derivative modes using different technologies (RMD, STT and CMT). After the parameter determination, mechanical testing was performed for welding qualification (uniaxial tension, face and root bending, nick break, Charpy V-notch impact, microhardness and macrograph). The initially obtained results for RMD and CMT were acceptable for all testing and, in a second moment, also for the STT. However, weld beads carried out by using the conventional process failed and revealed the existence of lack of fusion, which required further parametrization. Thus, a Parameter-Variation System for Girth Welding (SVP) was designed and built to allow varying the welding parameters as a function of angular position by using an inclinometer. The parameters were set for each of the three angular positions (flat, vertical downhill and overhead). By using such equipment and approach, the conventional process with parameter variation allowed reducing the welding time for joint accomplishment of the order of 38% for the root pass and 30% for the filling/capping pass.

Antonio Carlos Viana e as escritas do erotismo em Aberto está o inferno

A presente dissertação objetiva estabelecer uma interface entre os estudos da linguagem performática na literatura e os estudos sobre o erotismo a partir da obra do escritor sergipano Antonio Carlos Viana. Trazendo à tona o lado violento e traumático de experiências sexuais, são nela analisados os contos “As meninas do coronel”, “Mal-assado” e “In Memoriam”, pelo viés da prostituição, do casamento e da morte, respectivamente. Observa-se que, ao optar pela escrita sobre o corpo e pela problematização do erotismo vinculada a uma perspectiva nauseante do sexo, desvinculada da ideia de prazer, Viana performatiza, de acordo com os pressupostos do novo realismo, experiências afetivas marcadas pela dor. Para investigar os procedimentos de linguagem utilizados por Viana, com o intuito de desvendar os enigmas que perpassam o universo emocional e labiríntico de personagens devastados por sentimentos que mesclam corrupção, poder, morte e erotismo, recorro aos estudos sobre o caráter performático e grotesco da linguagem no novo realismo – em especial ao pensamento de Karl Erik Schøllhammer e Mikhail Bakhtin –, sobre a relação entre morte e erotismo – a partir das considerações de George Bataille, Octavio Paz e Philippe Ariès – e sobre as nuances da sexualidade e suas revoluções – mediante o pensamento de Anthony Giddens.

As escolas polivalentes do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba (MG): sondagem vocacional no projeto desenvolvimentista civil-militar (1965–1976)

This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expansão e Melhoria do Ensino Médio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called “multi-curricula”. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master’s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberlândia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country’s development project – mostly in the first half of the military rule – and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de São Paulo, Correio de Araxá, Correio de Uberlândia and Lavoura e Comércio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.

Caracterización de un modelo murino de glaucoma: implicación funcional de la señalización del receptor P2X7 en procesos neurodegenerativos de la retina

El glaucoma es una de las causas más comunes de discapacidad visual y una de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas oculares más frecuentes de pérdida irreversible de visión. La afectación originada en la retina se caracteriza por la degeneración de las células ganglionares y la pérdida de axones. La presión intraocular es un factor de riesgo importante en el glaucoma, entre otros factores, implicando mecanismos bioquímicos que desencadenan la muerte de las células ganglionares. El ratón DBA/2J es un modelo de hipertensión ocular y de degeneración de las células ganglionares de la retina (CGR). Las características principales de éste son la dispersión del pigmento del iris (IPD) y la atrofia del estroma del iris (ISA) que conducen a la patogénesis del glaucoma. Los mecanismos bioquímicos que comprometen al sistema purinérgico en procesos patológicos como la degeneración glaucomatosa han sido estudiados en los últimos años, siendo de gran relevancia como posibles dianas farmacológicas para el tratamiento de diferentes neuropatías. Los receptores P2X comprenden una familia de siete canales iónicos de membrana activados por ligando (P2X1-7) que se activan por el ATP extracelular (ATPe). En particular, los receptores P2X7 podrían estar involucrados en la regulación de la transmisión sináptica y la muerte neuronal en la retina. Además, la excitotoxicidad mediada por ATP a través de la activación del receptor P2X7 sugiere su posible implicación en la degeneración neuronal y la pérdida de la función visual en las retinas glaucomatosas. Tan importante como la presencia de este receptor purinérgico es estudiar los niveles de ATP extracelular de la retina, así como evaluar los cambios en la expresión del transportador de nucleótidos vesicular (VNUT) y los niveles de ecto-nucleotidasa (E-NPP1) en este modelo murino de glaucoma durante el desarrollo de la enfermedad...

Estudio a corto y largo plazo de la melatonina y el 5-MCA-NAT como tratamiento en la hipertensión ocular y el glaucoma

El glaucoma engloba una serie de enfermedades que se caracterizan por la pérdida progresiva de las células ganglionares de la retina y la neuropatía del nervio óptico, que desencadenan finalmente una ceguera irreversible. La elevación de la presión intraocular (PIO) aparece como el principal desencadenante de esta patología en la mayoría de los casos, ya que produce una disminución del flujo sanguíneo hacia la retina y un aumento del estrés oxidativo. La estrategia terapéutica más común implica el uso de fármacos hipotensores, a menudo combinados, asociados a efectos no deseados. En este marco, la melatonina y sus análogos, como el 5-MCA-NAT, surgen como alternativas a los fármacos ya existentes, por sus propiedades hipotensoras y antioxidantes y, en el caso del 5-MCA-NAT, por su posible acción a largo plazo. El objetivo de esta tesis es elucidar los mecanismos de la acción hipotensora aguda ya descrita para estos compuestos, determinando además el receptor y las vías de señalización implicadas en esta respuesta a corto plazo. En este mismo sentido nos proponemos confirmar la existencia de efectos hipotensores a largo plazo, analizando esta respuesta a diferentes fármacos y esclareciendo si ésta se debe a la capacidad de estos compuestos como modificadores de la expresión génica de enzimas o receptores implicados en la regulación de la PIO...

Mecanismos celulares activados por receptores P2Y₂ en los procesos ciliares: implicaciones en la hipertensión ocular y el glaucoma

El glaucoma es una neuropatía óptica crónica de etiología multifactorial, que provoca una pérdida progresiva e irreversible de la visión debida a la degeneración de los axones del nervio óptico y la muerte apoptótica de las células ganglionares de la retina (Downs et al., 2011; Quigley, 2011; Soto et al., 2014). Actualmente es la principal causa de ceguera irreversible en el mundo (Pascolini et al., 2012). Aunque su etiología aún no está clara, se sabe que el principal factor de riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad es el aumento de la PIO debido a anomalías en la dinámica del humor acuoso (Casson et al., 2012). La presencia de receptores purinérgicos P2X y P2Y ha sido descrita en las principales estructuras oculares relacionadas con la producción y drenaje del humor acuoso, los procesos ciliares y la malla trabecular, que son bañadas por dicho fluido (Guzman-­‐Aranguez et al., 2013). Al mismo tiempo, se ha referido la presencia del dinucleótido Ap4A, agonista de dichos receptores, en el humor acuoso, y cómo sus niveles se veían significativamente incrementados en pacientes glaucomatosos (Castany et al., 2011). El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido evaluar la implicación de los receptores purinérgicos P2Y2 de los procesos ciliares en la hipertensión ocular. Más concretamente determinar el papel del Ap4A a través de la activación de dichos receptores sobre la movilización del ion cloruro y del agua a través de las proteínas acuaporinas (AQPs), principales componentes del humor acuoso. Por otra parte, se ha investigado el origen de los niveles incrementados de Ap4A debidos al aumento de la PIO, caracterizando uno de los posibles sensores celulares implicados en dicho proceso. Al mismo tiempo se han evaluado y caracterizado los diferentes mecanismos implicados en dicha liberación...

Outcome Measures in Glaucoma : a systematic review of Cochrane Reviews and Protocols

Peer reviewed