986 resultados para 20-200


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以血管生成为靶点的抗肿瘤策略是抗肿瘤领域的研究热点,目前已经发现许多天然和化学合成的抗血管生成药物。鲨鱼软骨作为抗新生血管生成因子的重要来源的研究已有20多年的历史,很多研究显示鲨鱼软骨提取物有抗血管生成活性。但鲨鱼软骨活性多肽的完整分子结构一直未见报道;鲨鱼软骨活性多肽干扰血管生成通路的信号途径尚不明确。 本文应用盐酸胍抽提、丙酮分级沉淀、超滤、凝胶层析等分离技术,从青鲨(Prionace glauca)软骨中分离纯化并鉴定了一种新的具有抗新生血管生成活性的多肽。经SDS-PAGE和N-末端氨基酸序列分析显示,该多肽分子量为15500 Da,采用蛋白数据库分析表明该多肽是一种新发现的鲨鱼软骨多肽(Polypeptide from Prionace glauca,PG155)。 体外实验显示,PG155抑制内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)介导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cell ,HUVEC)迁移和管腔形成,并呈剂量依赖关系。200 μg/ml PG155对牛主动脉内皮细胞(Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells,BAECs)和HUVECs及以下癌细胞,包括人肝癌细胞(human hepatoma Bel-7402 cells,Bel-7402)、 口腔上皮癌细胞(human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells ,KB)、人结肠癌细胞(human colon cancer HCT-18 cells,HCT-18)和人乳腺癌细胞(human breast MCF7 cancer cells ,MCF7)的增殖均无抑制作用,说明PG155无细胞毒作用。20 μg/ml PG155显著抑制HUVEC的迁移和管腔形成;40-80 μg/ml PG155 对VEGF 介导的HUVEC的迁移和管腔形成几乎完全抑制。 体内实验显示,PG155显著抑制斑马鱼胚胎模型新生血管生成,并呈剂量依赖关系。形态学观察表明PG155显著抑制斑马鱼胚胎肠下静脉(subintestinal vessels, SIVs)的生长,随着浓度的升高SIVs的生长可受到完全抑制。碱性磷酸酶染色分析显示,在一定浓度范围内,PG155随着浓度的升高对斑马鱼胚胎整体血管生成抑制作用依次增强。160 μg/ml PG155会引起斑马鱼胚胎心脏功能障碍。 由海洋生物中发现新的肿瘤新生血管生成抑制剂国内外的报道较少,我们的工作表明鲨鱼软骨可作为血管生成抑制剂的重要来源,鲨鱼软骨活性多肽PG155由于具有极低的细胞毒作用,并能抑制VEGF介导的血管生成过程,有希望成为一类新型抗肿瘤药物。

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大米草是一种外来引种植物,本来引进的目的是为了保滩护岸、促淤造陆。然而大米草过度繁殖,侵袭海洋沿岸滩涂,所以综合开发大米草有着重要的经济意义和生态意义。本实验研究着力于将大米草水解液通过皮状丝孢酵母发酵而制取生物油脂。并且随着近年来石油价格的攀升和对于汽车尾气对环境造成的日趋严重的污染,生物柴油的开发受到高度重视。微生物油脂则是生物柴油生产的很好的原料,因为它无需占用耕地,而能够把农业加工剩余物或是其它的含纤维素的生物质转化为油脂。 本实验采用产油酵母菌皮状丝孢酵母(Trichosporon cutaneum)直接发酵经过简单脱毒处理的大米草水解液生产微生物油脂。在122℃,固—液比为10%(w/v),分别用1%、2%、4%和6%稀硫酸水解大米草,结果表明在6%的酸浓度下水解40 min后还原糖含量最高,达到22.8 g/L。而同时以1%稀硫酸在140℃下水解大米草,2.8h后,水解液中葡萄糖产量达到最高14.2g/L。确定了摇瓶发酵最适工艺条件:摇床转速200 rpm,接种量10%(v/v),装液量为200 mL (1000-mL三角瓶)。在此基础上,确定了水解液最适浓缩倍数和pH值,水解液浓缩倍数为4.0时产油量高达6.0 g/L,产油率为46.3%。本文为高效利用大米草提供了新的途径。 关键词:皮状丝孢酵母,大米草,水解,发酵,微生物油脂

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沉积物可以提供连续的地磁场相对强度(RPI)记录,这些记录在全球范围内的对比具有一致性。目前RPI记录越来越多地在布容极性期内作为千年尺度高精度的地层对比手段,但由于构建RPI所需的岩石磁学标准较高,总体来说,RPI数据还相对缺乏,尤其是太平洋地区连续的RPI记录更是相对较少。本文以西太平洋特定海域沉积物为研究对象,进行了古地磁和岩石磁学方面等多个参数的综合测量,通过归一化天然剩磁得到了地磁场相对强度变化曲线,为RPI研究提供了新的记录,为研究区测年提供了新的手段。 西菲律宾海的Ph05孔沉积物的岩石磁学和古地磁研究表明,岩芯中的载磁矿物比较单一,以低矫顽力的磁铁矿为主,χ、ARM及SIRM等参数指示的磁性矿物的含量变化不大。磁性矿物的颗粒以准单畴为主,粒度指示参数χARM/χ具有冰期-间冰期旋回变化。通过交变退磁可得到稳定的特征剩磁,32-38 cm及108-110 cm处发现负倾角,并伴随着RPI的低值。谱分析检验后选择ARM作为归一化参数,通过ARM归一化天然剩磁获得了200 ka以来的地磁场相对强度记录。重建的RPI记录与综合曲线Sint-200有良好对比,可以反映全球性的信号。基于RPI建立的年代模型与氧碳同位素年代模型相似,可以作为独立的定年手段。 对东菲律宾海帕里西维拉海盆西侧F090102孔柱样沉积物进行了系统的古地磁和岩石磁学分析,结果表明样品适合进行相对强度研究。根据功率谱分析结果,选择非磁滞剩磁作为归一化的参数,得到约2 Ma以来的地球磁场相对强度变化曲线。该曲线与SINT-2000曲线可详细对比,比如呈比较典型的锯齿状特征,布容期内的记录与800 ka以来的SINT-800曲线相符。布容/松山极性转换期呈单强度降低的特征,在极性转换期和极性漂移期,相对强度曲线表现为显著低值。 对东海内陆架泥质区沉积物EC2005孔的磁学研究表明,岩芯在110 cm即受到还原成岩作用的影响;110-600 cm经历了铁氧化物还原阶段,样品中磁性矿物以PSD磁铁矿为主,随深度增加,其含量快速减少,其间随着硬磁矿物含量的波动,磁学参数也呈现出峰谷变化;600 cm向下岩芯经历硫酸盐还原阶段,各磁学参数都维持在很低的水平,顺磁性颗粒增加,并出现黄铁矿。早期成岩作用及重磁化作用使得古地磁信号被削弱和改造。

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在浅海养殖系统中,生源要素的形态和动态对滤食性贝类生长有着重要影响,与此同时,滤食性贝类对系统中的生源要素的动态也具有重要作用,国外学者对此研究的比较多,但在我国研究甚少。在本论文中利用室内模拟实验和海上调查的方法,研究滤食性贝类的生物过滤、生物沉积及排泄作用对浅海养殖系统中生源要素动态的影响。室内模拟实验部分:1998年4月至6月间,在烟台利用室内规格相同的水池,建立了栉孔贝扇(Chlamys farreri)不同养殖密度单养、栉孔扇贝和海带(Laminaria japonica)混养、栉孔扇贝和海带、刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)多元化养殖等三种养殖模式,九个养殖系统和一个对照系统,实验中各池的温度、光照、盐度和换水量基本一致,定期测定实验池中颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒氮(PN)和水体及沉积物中营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:1 栉孔扇贝大量滤食水体中的颗粒物质,导致水体中颗粒物质浓度的降低,水体中POC和PN的现存量与栉孔扇贝的放养密度负相关,水体中颗粒物的缺乏会限制栉孔扇贝的生长,当POC、PN的现存量分别降低到0.09mg/L、0.015mg/L时,就会限制栉孔扇贝的生长。2 栉孔扇贝排泄代谢产物增加了水体中无机营养盐的浓度,栉孔扇贝排泄的氮以NH_4~+-N为主,占三氮的93.5%;海带可为栉孔扇贝生长提供一部分饵料。3 实验期间硅浓度低于或近于2umol/L,限制了硅藻的生长,实验后期水体中氮盐浓度降低,氮磷比小于10,可能限制了浮游植物的生长,减少了栉孔扇贝的饵料生物,从而抑制了栉孔扇贝的生长。4 在栉孔扇贝单养和贝藻参混养系列中,沉积物中有机物、有机碳、有机氮、有机磷及总磷的含量随栉孔扇贝放养密度的增大而减少。5 在贝藻混养系列中的栉孔扇贝生长好于单养系列,在贝藻参混养系列中的海带生长速度快于贝藻混养系列;单养和贝藻参混养模式中栉栉孔扇贝的日产量均以放养密度中等的(20个/m~2)养殖系统较高。海上调查部分:于1997年冬季、1998年春季和夏季,在烟台四十里湾海区进行了三次野外调查,分别在养殖海区和非养殖海区取得沉积物柱状样,测定沉积物中有机质和间隙水中无机营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:6 养殖区沉积物中有机质的含量大于非养殖区,平均高约22%。7 养殖海区沉积物间隙水中营养盐的浓度大于非养殖海区,其中养殖区NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P 的浓度分别高于非养殖区50%和200%-400%,NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 的浓度差别不明显;沉积物间隙水中营养盐浓度冬季较小,而春夏季浓度较高;氮盐以NH_4~+-N 为主,占90%以上。8 养殖海区沉积物-海水界面间营养盐扩散通量大于非养殖海区,烟台四十里湾沉积物-海水界面间NH_4~+-N, PO_4~(3-)-P, NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 冬、春、夏三季平均扩散通分别为249.99 umol/m~2/d、3.78 umol/m~2/d、5.24 umol/m~2/d、0.83mol/m~2/d。

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利用焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯与亲电试剂发生的取代反应,在焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的20-meso-位上分别引进硝基和卤原子,得到了20-meso位取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物.所合成的新叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV,IR,~1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.另外,对叶绿素-a卟吩环上的芳香性和相应的化学反应活性也进行了讨论,提出了可能的亲电取代反应机理.

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以1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙基氯甲酸酯(BCEOC)作为柱前荧光衍生试剂,在Hypersil BDS C18 (4.6 ×200 mm, 5 μm)反相色谱柱上,荧光检测波长为390 nm(激发波长为333 nm),采用梯度洗脱实现了20种氨基酸标准品衍生物的分离检测.20种组分的线性范围为51.6 fmol~105.6 pmol,线性回归系数均大于0.9995;检出限为6.3~177.6 fmol (S/N=3:1).经柱后串联质谱电喷雾电离源(ESI Source)实现了各组分的质谱鉴定,并以酪氨酸(Tyr)衍生物为例进行了质谱裂解机理解析.对A、B、C三组(A:安静对照组;B:运动力竭即刻组;C:力竭恢复12 h 组) 24只大鼠血浆中氨基酸的定量测定结果表明,运动力竭即刻较安静状态大鼠血浆氨基酸含量明显增加;力竭恢复12 h 后血浆氨基酸水平基本恢复到运动前状态.方法的灵敏度高、重现性好,为大鼠血浆中氨基酸的测定提供了一种新方法

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利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20及反相硅胶RP-18分离及纯化技术,从辐状肋柱花全草乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分得到7个水溶性成分,经^1H NMR、^13C NMR等波谱技术鉴定为异荭草苷、芒果苷、Swertipunicoside、当药醇苷、异牡荆苷、当药黄素、和7-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基[口山]酮。除异荭草苷外,其余化合物均首次从该植物中得到。

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藏羚(Pantholops hodgsoni)的集群类型有雌性群、雄性群、母仔群、雌雄混群和独羚5种形式。2002年7月~2003年12月,在可可西里地区沿青藏公路设立试验区,直接观察到936群次,计13795只次藏羚。藏羚的集群类型受到生育周期的影响,季节间差异显著。春季以雌性群(60.49%)和雄性群(30.86%)为主;夏季和秋季主要为雌性群(41.65%,49.66%)和母仔群(49.36%,33.67%);雌雄混群(58.14%)主要出现在冬季。雄性群在1年中很少见,尤其是夏秋两季,冬季较为常见,多由亚成体雄性组成。独羚是一种特殊的集群类型,占11.32%。常见的集群大小为2~20只,占71.90%,其次是21~200只的群,占16.35%;>200只的集群极少,仅占0.43%,且仅出现于夏季产羔往返迁徙途中。藏羚的集群大小受竞争、捕食风险以及迁徙繁殖的共同影响。藏羚的集群极不稳定,交配期雌雄混合群受雄性亚成体的干扰经常改变,而在迁徙季节大群和小群之间的转换也很频繁。大型集群为雌性群或母仔群,其最适集群大小为2~20只。

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对甘、青两省自20世纪40年代以来生产上曾磊面积应用的200多个春小麦地方品种和育成品种资料进行了分析。结果表明,19个形态性状、5个农艺性状和2个品质性状都存在着广泛的遗传多样.蟾能成品种农艺性状和品质性状的遗传多样性总体上大于地方品种,但是从20世纪60年代开展春小麦杂交育种工作之后,育成品种形态性状、农艺性状和品质性状遗传多样性呈下降趋势。评价育种对小麦遗传多样性的影响,不能只将地方品种和育成品种的遗传多样性作一简单比较就得出结论,而是应该在遗传多样性演变的动态过程中去研究。

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On a reversed phase Hypersil BDS C-18 (200 mm x 4. 6 mm, 5 mu m) column, 20 amino acids, which were derivatized using 2-(11H-benzo [a] carbazol-11-yl) ethyl carbonochloridate (BCEC-Cl) as pre-column derivatization reagent, were separated in conjunction with a gradient elution. Optimum derivatization was obtained by reacting of amino acids with BCEC-Cl at room temperature for 5 min in the presence of sodium borate catalyst in acetonitrile solvent. The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths were 279 nm and 380 nm respectively. The identification of amino acid derivatives from hydrolyzed bovine serum albumin and bee pollen was carried out by post-column mass spectrometry with electrospray ion source in positive ion mode. Linear correlation coefficients of the amino acid derivatives were > 0.9990, and detection limits (at signal to noise of 3:1) were 1.49 - 19.74 fmol for the labeled amino acids.

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An LC method for the determination of 20 amino acids (AAs), using 1,2-Benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) as fluorescent labeling reagent, has been validated and applied for the analysis of AAs in rat plasma at three different states concerning exercise physiology. Identification of AA derivatives was carried out by LC-MS with electrospray ion (ESI), and the MS-MS cleavage mode of the representative tyrosine (Tyr) derivative was analyzed. Gradient elution on a Hypersil BDS C-18 column gave good separation of the derivatives. Excellent linear responses were observed and good compositional data could be obtained from as little as 50-200 mu L of plasma samples. The contents of 20 AAs in rat plasma of three groups (24 rats, group A: quiet state, group B: at exercising exhaust, group C: 12 h after exercising exhaust) exhibited evident difference corresponding to the physiological states. Facile BCEOC derivatization coupled with LC-FLD-ESI-MS analysis allowed the development of a highly sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of trace level of AAs from plasma or other biochemical samples.

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A sensitive method for the determination of 30 kinds of free fatty acids (FFAs, C-1-C-30) with 1-[2-(p-toluenesulfonate)-ethyl]-2-phenylimidazole-[4,5-f] 9,10-phenan- threne (TSPP) as labeling reagent and using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and identification by online postcolumn mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source in positive-ion mode (HPLC/MS/APCI) has been developed. TSPP could easily and quickly label FFAs in the presence of K2CO3 catalyst at 90 degrees C for 30 min in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, and maximal labeling yields close to 100% were observed with a 5-fold excess of molar reagent. Derivatives were stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. TSPP was introduced into fatty acid molecules and effectively augmented MS ionization of fatty acid derivatives and led to regular MS and MS/MS information. The collision induced cleavage of protonated molecular ions formed specific fragment ions at m/z [MH](+)(molecular ion), m/z [M'+CH2CH2](+)(M' was molecular mass of the corresponding FFA) and m/z 295.0 (the, mass of protonated molecular core structure of TSPP). Fatty acid derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C-8 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 mu m, Agilent) with a good baseline resolution in combination with a gradient elution. Linear ranges of 30 FFAs are 2.441 x 10(-3) to 20 mu mol/L, detection limits are 3.24 similar to 36.97 fmol (injection volume 10 mu L, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, S/N 3:1). The mean interday precision ranged from 93.4 to 106.2% with the largest mean coefficients of variation (R.S.D.) < 7,5%. The mean intraday precision for all standards was < 6.4% of the expected concentration. Excellent linear responses were observed with correlation coefficients of > 0.9991. Good compositional data could be obtained from the analysis of extracted fatty acids from as little as 200 mg of bryophyte plant samples.Therefore, the facile TSPP derivatization coupled with HPLC/MS/APCI analysis allowed the development of a highly sensitive method for the quantitation of trace levels of short and long chain fatty acids from biological and natural environmental samples.

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The Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio (L-C-P) complex of the Tussilagininae (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) contains more than 200 species that are endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in eastern Asia. These species are morphologically distinct; however, their relationships appear complex. A phylogenetic analysis of members of the complex and selected taxa, of the tribe Senecioneae was conducted using chloroplast (ndhF and trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS) sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from individual and combined datasets of the three different sequences. All analyses suggested that Doronicum, a genus that has been included in the Tussilagininae, should be excluded from this subtribe and placed at the base of the tribe Senecioneae. In addition, the Tussilagininae should be broadly circumscribed to include the Tephroseridinae. Within the expanded Tussilagininae containing all 13 genera occurring in eastern Asia, Tussilago and NSPetasites diverged early as a separate lineage, while the remaining I I genera comprise an expanded L-C-P complex clade. We suggest that the L-C-P clade, which is largely unresolved, most likely originated as a consequence of an explosive radiation. The few monophyletic subclades identified in the L-C-P clade with robust support further suggest that some genera of Tussilagininae from eastern Asia require generic re-circumscriptions given the occurrence of subclades containing species of the same genus in different parts of the phylogentic tree due to homoplasy of important morphological characters used to delimit them. Molecular-clock analyses suggest that the explosive radiation of the L-C-P complex occurred mostly within the last 20 million years, which falls well within the period of recent major uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau between the early Miocene to the Pleistocene. It is proposed that significant increases in geological and ecological diversity that accompanied such uplifting, most likely promoted rapid and continuous allopatric speciation in small and isolated populations, and allowed fixation or acquisition of similar morphological characters within unrelated lineages. This phenomenon, possibly combined with interspecific diploid hybridization because of secondary sympatry during relatively stable stages between different uplifts, could be a major cause of high species diversity in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas of eastern Asia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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利用激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析了铝合金中多种元素的成分。采用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器,在空气环境下烧蚀铝合金固体样品获得等离子体。利用多通道光栅光谱仪和CCD检测器对200~980nm波长范围的光谱进行同时检测。研究了检测时延、激光脉冲能量、元素深度分布对光谱强度的影响,考虑这些因素之后对实验参数进行了优化。在优化的实验参数下对国家标准铝合金样品中的八种元素Si,Fe,Cu,Mn,Mg,Zn,Sn及Ni进行了定标,并利用定标曲线对一种铝合金样品进行了定量分析。实验结果表明,测量结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)最大为5.89%,相对误差在-20.99%~15%范围内,说明对铝合金样品成分进行定量分析,激光诱导击穿光谱是一种有效的光谱分析工具,但是分析结果的准确度仍需要提高。

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本文论述 2 0世纪运动稳定性理论研究的三个重要结果 :李雅普诺夫函数、谢聂稳定判据、卡利托洛夫定理 .这三个结果都是对一般的连续系统作出的 ,结论明确 ,简单实用 ,因而具有广泛的应用性