Impacts of climate change of seaports: A survey of knowledge, perceptions, and planning efforts among port administrators

Port authorities from around the world were surveyed to ascertain how administrators feel climate change might impact their operations, what level of change would be problematic, and how they plan to adapt to new conditions. The survey was distributed to 350 major ports through two leading international port organizations, the International Association of Ports and Harbors and the American Association of Port Authorities. (PDF contains 4 pages)

Climate change adaptation and planning: An example from Kailua Beach, Oahu, Hawaii

The University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program (UHSG) in partnership with the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands (OCCL) is developing a beach and dune management plan for Kailua Beach on the eastern shoreline of Oahu. The objective of the plan is to develop a comprehensive beach management and land use development plan for Kailua Beach that reflects the state of scientific understanding of beach processes in Kailua Bay and abutting shoreline areas and is intended to provide long-term recommendations to adapting to climate change including potential coastal hazards such as sea level rise. The development of the plan has lead to wider recognition of the significance of projected sea level rise to the region and provides the rational behind some of the land use conservation strategies. The plan takes on a critical light given global predictions for continued, possibly accelerated, sea-level rise and the ongoing focus of intense development along the Hawaiian shoreline. Hawaii’s coastal resource managers are faced with the daunting prospect of managing the effects of erosion while simultaneously monitoring and regulating high-risk coastal development that often impacts the shoreline. The beach and dune preservation plan is the first step in a more comprehensive effort prepare for and adapt to sea level rise and ensure the preservation of the beach and dune ecosystem for the benefit of present and future generations. The Kailua Beach and Dune Management plan is intended to be the first in a series of regional plans in Hawaii to address climate change adaptation through land use planning. (PDF contains 3 pages)

Applying hedonic property models in the planning and evaluation of shoreline management

According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s chapter “Coastal Systems” (Agardy and Alder 2005), 40% of the world population falls within 100 km of the coast. Agardy and Alder report that population densities in coastal regions are three times those of inland regions and demographic forecasts suggest a continued rise in coastal populations. These high population levels can be partially traced to the abundance of ecosystem services provided in the coastal zone. While populations benefit from an abundance of services, population pressure also degrades existing services and leads to increased susceptibility of property and human life to natural hazards. In the face of these challenges, environmental administrators on the coast must pursue agendas which reflect the difficult balance between private and public interests. These decisions include maintaining economic prosperity and personal freedoms, protecting or enhancing the existing flow of ecosystem services to society, and mitigating potential losses from natural hazards. (PDF contains 5 pages)

Five concepts in planning theory useful to coastal management

In recent years coastal resource management has begun to stand as its own discipline. Its multidisciplinary nature gives it access to theory situated in each of the diverse fields which it may encompass, yet management practices often revert to the primary field of the manager. There is a lack of a common set of “coastal” theory from which managers can draw. Seven resource-related issues with which coastal area managers must contend include: coastal habitat conservation, traditional maritime communities and economies, strong development and use pressures, adaptation to sea level rise and climate change, landscape sustainability and resilience, coastal hazards, and emerging energy technologies. The complexity and range of human and environmental interactions at the coast suggest a strong need for a common body of coastal management theory which managers would do well to understand generally. Planning theory, which itself is a synthesis of concepts from multiple fields, contains ideas generally valuable to coastal management. Planning theory can not only provide an example of how to develop a multi- or transdisciplinary set of theory, but may also provide actual theoretical foundation for a coastal theory. In particular we discuss five concepts in the planning theory discourse and present their utility for coastal resource managers. These include “wicked” problems, ecological planning, the epistemology of knowledge communities, the role of the planner/ manager, and collaborative planning. While these theories are known and familiar to some professionals working at the coast, we argue that there is a need for broader understanding amongst the various specialists working in the increasingly identifiable field of coastal resource management. (PDF contains 4 pages)

The marine protected area planning process in Washington state: Recommendations for increased effectiveness

In Washington State, the Department of Natural Resources (WA DNR) is responsible for managing state-owned aquatic lands. Aquatic reserves are one of many Marine Protected Area (MPA) designations in WA State that aim to protect sensitive aquatic and ecological habitat. We analyzed the designation and early planning processes of WA State aquatic reserves, identified gaps in the processes, and recommend action to improve the WA State aquatic reserve early planning approach. (PDF contains 4 pages)

Marine spatial planning approaches at the state level: Similarities and differences between MSP efforts across the country

Competing uses, sensitive and valuable marine resources, and overlapping jurisdictions complicate management decision making in the marine environment. States are developing marine spatial planning capacity to help make better decisions, particularly as demand for ocean space and resources is growing because of emerging human uses (renewable energy, aquaculture) and traditional human uses (commercial fishing, commerce). This paper offers perspectives on marine spatial planning efforts being carried out in four states across the US, and demonstrates similarities and differences between them. The approach to marine spatial planning in each state is discussed with specific attention given to issues such as what is driving the effort, data availability, maturity of the effort, and level of resources devoted to it. Highlighting the similarities and differences illustrates state and region specific challenges and the approaches being used to meet them. (PDF contains 4 pages)

Coastal resource planning system: Integrating evaluation of ecological integrity and ecosystem services valuation

Efficient and effective coastal management decisions rely on knowledge of the impact of human activities on ecosystem integrity, vulnerable species, and valued ecosystem services—collectively, human impact on environmental quality (EQ). Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an emerging approach to address the dynamics and complexities of coupled social-ecological systems. EBM “is intended to directly address the long-term sustainable delivery of ecosystem services and the resilience of marine ecosystems to perturbations” (Rosenberg and Sandifer, 2009). The lack of a tool that integrates human choices with the ecological connections between contributing watersheds and nearshore areas, and that incorporates valuation of ecosystem services, is a critical missing piece needed for effective and efficient coastal management. To address the need for an integrative tool for evaluation of human impacts on ecosystems and their services, Battelle developed the EcoVal™ Environmental Quality Evaluation System. The EcoVal system is an updated (2009) version of the EQ Evaluation System for Water Resources developed by Battelle for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Dee et al., 1972). The Battelle EQ evaluation system has a thirty-year history of providing a standard approach to evaluate watershed EQ. This paper describes the conceptual approach and methodology of the updated EcoVal system and its potential application to coastal ecosystems. (PDF contains 4 pages)

Marketing of fishing gear materials and fishing gear making in parts of Kainji Lake basin

The importance of fishing gear in fishing cannot be over-emphasized; as without it fish cannot be obtained. The method used to catch fish affects the condition in which the product is landed. This means that a bad-catching method would produced bad fish to the consumer. To achieve the goal of self-sufficiency in fish production in Nigeria, there is need to address the lingering problems of fishing gear and craft technology, especially in terms of availability of materials and their cost. The sale and making of fishing gear materials are two areas of fisheries, which are yet to be exploited by the general public as forms of businesses for livelihood. The study is conducted in villages around the lower part of Kainji Lake, towards the dam, including New Bussa. It reveals that only the fishermen themselves are involved in making their own fishing gears while those involved in the selling of fishing gear materials like the sheet netting, ropes, twines, floats, sinkers etc are business men and women who may not have any experience of fishing. Also considered in the study is the art of making fishing crafts like the canoe and gourd. Very few entrepreneurs are involved and they are so skilled that each is specialized in the making of only one kind of craft or gear

Desarrollo de una idea de negocio a partir de un hobby en el Grado en Marketing

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas

The role of women in fish processing: handling and marketing in Kainji Lake basin

The study assessed the contribution of women in fish handling, processing and marketing in Kainji Lake basin. Structured questionnaires were administered to three fishing villages selected at random. The fishing villages were Monai, Yuna, Fakun, and New Bussa market. The study revealed that women play vital roles in fisheries activities as producers, assistants to men preservers, traders and financiers. The notable fishing activity performed by women is processing right from the moment the boats or canoes land at sites. Women assist in emptying nets, sorting gutting and cleaning the catch. In most cases their activities involved salting smoking and drying using traditional processing techniques. Women are also involved in storage and marketing of both fresh and smoked fish. In spite of these important contribution, most women in the various fishing communities are illiterates, have little or no say in decision making in areas that affects their livelihood and are regarded as inferior fedex. Culture and religion also has significant impact on their contribution in fishing activities

Towards a Participatory Integrated Assessment Approach for Planning and Managing Natura 2000 Network Sites

36 p.

Reseña del libro: Marketing práctico para pequeños negocios. Una guía para todos

El libro que se presenta aborda la difícil misión de conjugar el marco conceptual de una disciplina académica como es el Marketing, con su importancia práctica para las pequeñas empresas y negocios como fundamento de su creación, y permanencia en el mercado. Resulta particularmente original e infrecuente, el enfoque que los autores nos trasladan en este libro, en el sentido de proponer una doble perspectiva a tener en cuenta cuando se escribe sobre Marketing, la teoría y la práctica, aspecto no siempre considerado por los libros publicados bajo esta temática. Bajo este enfoque, los autores destinan la primera parte del libro a exponer los conceptos y técnicas de Marketing con una visión rigurosa y asentada sobre los pilares que la investigación científica de esta disciplina académica viene desarrollando desde el pasado S.XX en el área de la economía de empresa. Exponen los elementos que la empresa debe considerar en su reflexión estratégica a largo plazo, y en los pilares del denominado Marketing operativo y la perspectiva táctica. Estas son las claves para que también los pequeños negocios desarrollen un Plan de Marketing como guía de sus actuaciones, que se expone en el último capítulo del libro. Desde el enfoque práctico que se ha dado a esta publicación, hay que destacar que cada capítulo finaliza con un apartado destinado a cuestiones y preguntas para reflexionar sobre los conceptos expuestos. En una disciplina de estas características, tan importante como tener en cuenta un riguroso marco teórico, es necesario explicitar la forma de poder transitar a la realidad particular de cada negocio, y así, adaptar esta técnica de gestión empresarial a nuestro contexto. Los autores han logrado con mucho éxito esta simbiosis, que es fruto de su larga experiencia como profesores e investigadores del Área de Comercialización e Investigación de mercados de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.

Cambio social y marketing: análisis de grupos sociales emergentes

Este trabajo trata sobre la evolución de factores como la demografía, la cultura, la tecnología y la economía y sus consecuencias en las diferentes sociedades. Los grupos sociales que se acaban creando debido a estos cambios y las estrategias de marketing que tienen que llevar acabo las empresas para adaptarse a estos nuevos grupos sociales. Idioma: castellano.

Comparación de las políticas de marketing aplicadas por la misma empresa en países y análisis de las causas de las diferencias: el caso de Coca Cola

El trabajo consiste en analizar el Marketing Mix (4P’s) de Coca-Cola y comparar sus políticas en otros países. La primera política analizada es el producto, que comienza hablando del envase y sus diferentes tipos. Se ha diferenciado la lata y el idioma, ya que son las partes más características. Por otro lado, se ha analizado el sabor. Se han escogido tres productos y analizado las diferencias que poseen entre sí en distintos países. La distribución se ha separado en 5 puntos. Primero, la distribución en España y los cambios que ha sufrido en los últimos años, así como las consecuencias de estos. El segundo, la distribución en Argentina, seguido de EEUU y China así como, algunos casos excepcionales en el resto del mundo, que tienen una metodología muy particular y característica en la forma de distribución. En cuanto al precio, se ha van a analizar los factores que se estudian a la hora de imponer el precio tales como el PIB y cuáles son los aspectos más relevantes en la toma de decisiones. Y por último la comunicación, donde se muestran diferentes ejemplos a lo largo de toda la vida de Coca-Cola donde se ha visto presente la marca.

Estrategia de marketing y responsabilidad social: análisis crítico y de buenas prácticas

En este trabajo, tras un análisis y desarrollo teórico sobre el estado de la cuestión en materia de responsabilidad social de la empresa (RSE) y su relación con el marketing por su impacto sobre la imagen y reputación de la empresa o marca, se estudia el esfuerzo en RSE transmitido en la Web de de 26 empresas que pertenecían al Foro de Marcas Renombradas Españolas (FMRE) en 2009 y que continúan presentes en dicho Foro en junio de 2014. En la parte empírica de este trabajo se explica qué es este Foro y cuales son las razones que nos han llevado a elegirlo como universo de estudio para nuestro estudio empírico