928 resultados para Complexity.


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Mestrado (PES II), Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, 26 de Junho de 2014, Universidade dos Açores.

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Mestrado (PES II), Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, 3 de Julho de 2014, Universidade dos Açores.

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Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are nowadays one of the hottest topics in coding theory, notably due to their advantages in terms of bit error rate performance and low complexity. In order to exploit the potential of the Wyner-Ziv coding paradigm, practical distributed video coding (DVC) schemes should use powerful error correcting codes with near-capacity performance. In this paper, new ways to design LDPC codes for the DVC paradigm are proposed and studied. The new LDPC solutions rely on merging parity-check nodes, which corresponds to reduce the number of rows in the parity-check matrix. This allows to change gracefully the compression ratio of the source (DCT coefficient bitplane) according to the correlation between the original and the side information. The proposed LDPC codes reach a good performance for a wide range of source correlations and achieve a better RD performance when compared to the popular turbo codes.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEG

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Hidráulica

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Trabalho Final para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of hospital of birth on neonatal mortality. METHODS: A birth cohort study was carried out in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2004. All hospital births were assessed by daily visits to all maternity hospitals and 4558 deliveries were included in the study. Mothers were interviewed regarding potential risk factors. Deaths were monitored through regular visits to hospitals, cemeteries and register offices. Two independent pediatricians established the underlying cause of death based on information obtained from medical records and home visits to parents. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of hospital of birth, controlling for confounders related to maternal and newborn characteristics, according to a conceptual model. RESULTS: Neonatal mortality rate was 12.7‰ and it was highly influenced by birthweight, gestational age, and socioeconomic variables. Immaturity was responsible for 65% of neonatal deaths, followed by congenital anomalies, infections and intrapartum asphyxia. Adjusting for maternal characteristics, a three-fold increase in neonatal mortality was seen between similar complexity hospitals. The effect of hospital remained, though lower, after controlling for newborn characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal mortality was high, mainly related to immaturity, and varied significantly across maternity hospitals. Further investigations comparing delivery care practices across hospitals are needed to better understand NMR variation and to develop strategies for neonatal mortality reduction.

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A presente investigação procurou descrever, de forma exaustiva, o processo de previsão, negociação, implementação e avaliação do Contrato de Execução celebrado entre a Câmara Municipal de Sintra e o Ministério da Educação em 2009. Este contrato corresponde a um instrumento previsto na regulamentação do quadro de transferências de competências para os municípios em matéria de educação, de acordo com o regime previsto no Decreto-Lei n.º 144/2008, de 28 de julho. Definida a problemática e os objetivos, a investigação centrou-se num estudo de caso no qual foi feita a descrição e interpretação do processo e das ações desenvolvidas pelos intervenientes no período compreendido entre 2008 e 2011. Recorreu-se à confrontação dos dados obtidos através da análise das fontes documentais e do recurso às entrevistas realizadas aos responsáveis pelo Pelouro da Educação e diretores dos Agrupamentos de Escolas, à luz da revisão da literatura e do contributo de diferentes trabalhos de investigadores nesta matéria. A investigação permitiu concluir que o processo de contratualização foi algo complexo face à realidade deste Município e que o normativo apresenta várias lacunas no que diz respeito à contratualização da referida transferência de competências, designadamente porque procura generalizar algo que não é, de todo, generalizável – o campo da educação face à complexidade dos territórios educativos em causa e aos dos intervenientes envolvidos no mesmo.

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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais.

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Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Estruturas

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

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The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates the activity of transcription factors in bacteria (OxyR and PerR), lower eukaryotes (Yap1, Maf1, Hsf1 and Msn2/4) and mammalian cells (AP-1, NRF2, CREB, HSF1, HIF-1, TP53, NF-κB, NOTCH, SP1 and SCREB-1) are reviewed. The complexity of regulatory networks increases throughout the phylogenetic tree, reaching a high level of complexity in mammalians. Multiple H2O2 sensors and pathways are triggered converging in the regulation of transcription factors at several levels: (1) synthesis of the transcription factor by upregulating transcription or increasing both mRNA stability and translation; (ii) stability of the transcription factor by decreasing its association with the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex or by inhibiting this complex; (iii) cytoplasm-nuclear traffic by exposing/masking nuclear localization signals, or by releasing the transcription factor from partners or from membrane anchors; and, (iv) DNA binding and nuclear transactivation by modulating transcription factor affinity towards DNA, co-activators or repressors, and by targeting specific regions of chromatin to activate individual genes. We also discuss how H2O2 biological specificity results from diverse thiol protein sensors, with different reactivity of their sulfhydryl groups towards H2O2, being activated by different concentrations and times of exposure to H2O2. The specific regulation of local H2O2 concentrations is also crucial and results from H2O2 localized production and removal controlled by signals. Finally, we formulate equations to extract from typical experiments quantitative data concerning H2O2 reactivity with sensor molecules. Rate constants of 140 M-1s−1 and ≥ 1.3 × 103 M-1s−1 were estimated, respectively, for the reaction of H2O2 with KEAP1 and with an unknown target that mediates NRF2 protein synthesis. In conclusion, the multitude of H2O2 targets and mechanisms provides an opportunity for highly specific effects on gene regulation that depend on the cell type and on signals received from the cellular microenvironment.