Developing a conceptual framework to analyse professionalisation in sport federations

Existing research on sport organisations is imprecise in the use of the concept 'professionalisation'. Furthermore, we do not know if analytical concepts of professionalisation correspond with the understanding in practice. This study explores the perceptions of practitioners and proposes a framework to analyse professionalisation in national sport federations. Expert interviews were conducted with six key people from Swiss national sport federations and then analysed these for characteristics of professionalisation using a hermeneutic approach. The characteristics were divided into three areas: (1) changed management philosophy, (2) functional differentiation and specialisation, and (3) application of management tools. However, professionalisation is primarily perceived to be a matter of 'professional' attitude that transforms into federation culture. The practitioners disclose an ambivalent view of professionalisation, e.g. business-like culture vs. voluntarism, for-profit vs. non-profit orientation, autonomy vs. control. A framework is developed that synthesises analytical concepts and practitioners' perceptions to support future comprehensive research into causes, forms and consequences of professionalisation in national sport federations.

CRM and higher education : developing a monitoring system to improve relationships in e-learning environments

Peer-reviewed

Broadening the CRM domain of application to higher educational (e-learning) environments

In this paper, we reflect about the broadening of the field of application of CRM from the business domain to a wider context of relationships in which the inclusion of non-profit making organizations seems natural. In particular, we focus on analyzing the suitability of adopting CRM processes by universities and higher educational institutions dedicated to e-learning. This is an issue that, in our opinion, has much potential but has received little attention in research so far.

Alimento humano : viabilidad y encaje del diseño permacultural como sistema agrícola

La Permacultura, los Paisajes de retención de agua y la Economía del bien común, se configuran como una alternativa a la situación actual de la agricultura. Mediante la combinación de estas corrientes, se puede desarrollar una agricultura más respetuosa con el entorno natural capaz de ayudar a regenerarlo. Una buena gestión del suelo fija y estabiliza el CO2 y gracias a los paisajes de captación de agua, se consigue cosechar el agua, infiltrándose en los ecosistemas y llenándolos de vida. Sumado a una correcta gestión del agua se mitigan los efectos del cambio climático en nuestras latitudes. Finalmente la economía del bien común, nos permite crear sistemas económicos más justos y sociales, encajando a la perfección con los principios de la Permacultura. Para poder aplicar dicho concepto actualmente, establecer el sistema agrícola como un sistema asociativo (asociación sin ánimo de lucro), nos permite fijar unos precios estables y sociales, dando especial importancia a la mano de obra y a la autosuficiencia.

Estudi estratègic del coblisme com a bé cultural

Aquest treball de final de carrera tracta sobre l’aplicació de les modernes tècniques de reflexió estratègica aplicades al sector de la cultura popular catalana, concretament la cultura popular catalana que engloba les manifestacions on el vincle comú és la formació musical pròpia: la cobla. Aprofitar aquest sector, a priori tant complex i tant allunyat en principi del món d’estratègia d’empresa com aquest, és l’excusa per veure el comportament d’aquestes eines i teories, i comprovar-ne la seva eficàcia i adaptabilitat als diferents casos de la realitat, a més de poder treballar un tema tant nou com la valoració d’intangibles. A la vegada, es produeix una síntesi de treballs orientats a l’organització d’entitats sense ànim de lucre existents en la bibliografia especialitzada, i que han tingut un inexistent ressò pràctic. Això pot ser un contrasentit en un país on l’associacionisme és tan arrelat i un dels pilars socials que ens vertebren i diferencien. En el cas de la música per a cobla, especialment destacable en un moment molt important i crític per estar en un temps de transició social molt fort. També, cal destacar vivament que té una sèrie de valors afegits de qualitat i complexitat que la situen en un interessant camí entre la cultura popular i les propostes de caràcter més comercial, en unes condicions actuals de gran desconeixement social. Les vinculacions entre estratègia, innovació, responsabilitat social i cultura del coneixement, donen a aquest treball un fort caràcter actual i adaptat a la realitat en les consideracions sobre el management en general.

Open Device Lab: movement to improve web and app experience

We present here the first part of the literature review regarding our study object, the Open Device Labs. The research on ODLs emerges from the observation of worldwide non-profit movement, which, through mutual collaboration, information and devices sharing, proposes a final improvement on user’s experience with the web and app.

Käytäntölähtöinen innovaatiotoiminta – Kaakkois-Suomen peliteollisuus

Tiede innovaatioiden synnyttäjänä on nykyisin ennemminkin oletus kuin totuus, ja monet innovaatiot syntyvät käytäntölähtöisten toimintojen kautta. Diplomityön päätavoitteena on määrittää käytäntölähtöinen innovaatiotoiminta. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena case-tutkimuksena. Tutkimuksessa on haastateltu seitsemää pelinkehitysyritystä liittyen yritysten innovaatioprosesseihin ja käytäntölähtöiseen innovaatiotoimintaan. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa on haastateltu neljää voittoa tavoittelemattoman organisaation edustajaa Kymenlaakson innovaatiojärjestelmän nykytilasta. Teoriaosassa käydään läpi käytäntölähtöisen innovaation nykyisiä määritelmiä ja niihin liittyviä käsitteitä. Empiriaosassa esitetään haastatteluilla kerätyn aineiston analyysin perusteella tehdyt johtopäätökset. Teoria- ja empiriaosien avulla määritetään käytäntölähtöinen innovaatiotoiminta. Johtopäätöksissä määritetään käytäntölähtöisten innovaatioiden syntymekanismit ja lähteet. Lisäksi esitetään alueellisen innovaatiojärjestelmän asema käytäntölähtöisten innovaatioiden edistämisessä.

Decentralized management of organic household wastes in the Kathmandu Valley using small-scale composting reactors

The sustainable management of municipal solid waste in the Kathmandu Valley has always been a challenging task. Solid waste generation has gone rapidly high in the Kathmandu Valley over the last decade due to booming population and rapid urbaniza-tion. Finding appropriate landfill sites for the disposal of solid wastes generated from the households of the Kathmandu Valley has always been a major problem for Nepalese government. 65 % of total generated wastes from the households of Nepal consist of organic materials. As large fractions of generated household wastes are organic in na-ture, composting can be considered as one of the best sustainable ways to recycle organ-ic wastes generated from the households of Nepal. Model Community Society Development (MCDS), a non-governmental organization of Nepal carried out its small-scale project in five households of the Kathmandu Valley by installing composting reactors. This thesis is based on this small-scale project and has used secondary data provided by MCDS Nepal for carrying out the study. Proper man-agement of organic wastes can be done at household levels through the use of compost-ing reactors. The end product compost can be used as soil conditioners for agricultural purposes such as organic farming, roof-top farming and gardening. The overall average organic waste generation in the Kathmandu Valley is found to be 0,23 kg/person/day and the total amount of organic household wastes generated in the Kathmandu Valley is around 210 Gg/yr. Produced composts from five composting reac-tors contain high amount of moistures but have sufficient amount of nutrients required for the fertility of land and plant growth. Installation of five composting reactors in five households have prevented 2,74 Mg of organic wastes going into the landfills, thus re-ducing 107 kg of methane emissions which is equivalent to 2,7 Mg of carbondioxide.

Profile of the Brazilian scientific production in multiple sclerosis

This paper analyzes the profile of the Brazilian output in the field of multiple sclerosis from 1981 to 2004. The search was conducted through the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, selecting papers in which the term "multiple sclerosis" was defined as the main topic and "Brazil" or "Brasil" as others. The data were analyzed regarding the themes, the state in Brazil and institution where the papers were produced, the journals where the papers were published, journal's impact factor, and language. The search disclosed 141 documents (91 from MEDLINE and LILACS, and 50 from LILACS only) published in 44 different journals (23 of them MEDLINE-indexed). A total of 111 documents were produced by 17 public universities, 29 by 3 private medical schools and 1 by a non-governmental organization. There were 65 original contributions, 37 case reports, 20 reviews, 6 PhD dissertations, 5 guidelines, 2 validation studies, 2 clinical trials, 2 chapters in textbooks, 1 Master of Science thesis, and 1 patient education handout. The journal impact factor ranged from 0.0217 to 6.039 (median 3.03). Of 91 papers from MEDLINE, 65 were published by Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. More than 90% of the papers were written in Portuguese. São Paulo was the most productive state in the country, followed by Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Eighty-two percent of the Brazilian output came from the Southeastern region.

Talkootyön verokohtelu

Tutkimus käsittelee talkootyön verotusta, joka liittyy lähinnä aatteellisten yhdistysten toimintaan. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on muodostaa selkeä kokonaiskuva talkootyön verokohtelusta sekä osoittaa oikeustapauksiin perehtymällä mahdollisia riskitekijöitä yhdistysten kannalta kielteisiin veroseuraamuksiin. Tutkimusmenetelmä on lainopillinen eli voimassa olevaa oikeutta tutkiva. Työn teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat siten lainsäädäntö, oikeuskirjallisuus sekä Verohallinnon ohjeistus, jolla on ennakkopäätösten ohella suuri käytännön merkitys verotuksessa. Yhdistystoiminnan perusta on vapaaehtoistyövoima. Välitön, vastikkeeton työ suoraan yhdistyksen hyväksi on verotuksellisesti ongelmaton. Talkootyösuoritteet eli välillinen työ yhdistyksen nimissä kolmannen osapuolen lukuun muodostavat merkittävän osuuden yhdistysten varainhankinnasta. Talkootyötulo voi olla verotonta ainoastaan, mikäli korvauksen saaja täyttää tuloverolaissa mainitut yleishyödyllisyyskriteerit. Lisäksi verottomuuden edellytyksenä on se, ettei suoritusta pidetä yhdistyksen elinkeinotulona tai työn tekijän henkilökohtaisena palkkana. Saatu tulo on käytettävä yhdistyksen tarkoituksen mukaiseen yleishyödylliseen toimintaan, eikä hyöty saa kanavoitua työn tekijöiden hyväksi. Oikeustapausten perusteella talkootyön verollisuutta arvioitaessa merkitystä on annettu työn kestolle, toimeksiantajan johdon ja valvonnan olemassaololle, työn läheiselle liittymiselle varsinaiseen yleishyödylliseen toimintaan, kilpailuolosuhteille sekä tulojen määrälle suhteessa muihin tuloihin. Ratkaisujen valossa verotuskäytäntö vaikuttaa osittain ristiriitaiselta. Lisäksi on muistettava, että kyseessä on aina yksittäistapauksen kokonaisarviointi. Riskialttiilta vaikuttavassa tapauksessa verovelvollisen on suositeltavaa hakea ennakkokannanotto, sillä usean vuoden ajalta kumuloituvat veroseuraamukset johtavat helposti syvään talousahdinkoon, pahimmillaan jopa toiminnan lakkaamiseen.

Alternative banking: theory and evidence from Europe

Since financial liberalization in the 1980s, non-profit maximizing, stakeholder-oriented banks have outperformed private banks in Europe. This article draws on empirical research, banking theory and theories of the firm to explain this apparent anomaly for neo-liberal policy and contemporary market-based banking theory. The realization of competitive advantages by alternative banks (savings banks, cooperative banks and development banks) has significant implications for conceptions of bank change, regulation and political economy.

Margaret Glassford fonds, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1973-1975, 1977-1984, 1986-2000, 2002, 2005, n.d.

Margaret was an only child who grew up on a farm just east of Cayuga, Ontario. After high school, Margaret attended Hamilton Teacher’s College and took a position with Grantham Public School Board and taught at Power Glen school. Margaret was married in 1962 and had 2 children, a daughter and a son in 1963 and 1964, respectively. Margaret left her teaching job to raise her children. Margaret was very creative and artistic and during this time, focused on these talents, which included painting, graphic arts and sewing. Margaret was also an accomplished pianist. In her 40’s, Margaret enrolled at Brock University and in 1989 obtained a Honors Bachelor of Arts degree with First-Class Honors in Sociology. In partial fulfillment of her Honors B.A. she completed her thesis that is entitled ; The State and Liberal Feminism: The Ontario Government’s “Business Ownership For Women Program”. While living in St. Catharines, Margaret attended York University and graduated with a Master of Arts in Sociology in 1992 where her studies focused on women’s issues. Margaret received a scholarship from York University and was a teaching assistant. Margaret stayed on at York University and completed her academic requirements for a Doctorate degree in Sociology. Her dissertation was on self employed women in St. Catharines at the beginning of WWII -- not the” Rosie the Riveters” who took over jobs formerly held by men who had to go off to fight World War II, but women who ran their own businesses when that was still unusual. Margaret completed the research for her thesis but did not complete her written thesis as she made a difficult decision to put her academic work on hold in the mid-1990’s and she returned to her love for the arts, although she always remained a voracious reader and interested in women’s issues. In the last decade of her life, she took up quilting with a passion, which she referred to as fabric arts. Margaret loved colour and being non-traditional. Margaret had been a quilting instructor at the Flemington College for Fine Arts in Haliburton. In 1997, Margaret founded Project Smile in the St. Catharines region, a non-profit group who make quilts for children with cancer. Margaret was also the President of the Niagara Heritage Quilters’ Guild in 2006-2007 and was very involved with the Local Council of Women.

Rotary Club of St. Catharines fonds, 1973-1985, n.d.

The first Rotary Club was created in February 1905, by Chicago lawyer Paul P. Harris. Harris envisioned a club which would bring members of the business community closer together. As his vision grew more members were acquired. In order to accommodate everyone, meetings were held at each of the member’s place of business; hence the name Rotary Club was adopted. A wagon wheel was chosen as an appropriate symbol to denote the club; which today has become the cogwheel. By the close of its first year the club had thirty members. Slowly Rotary Clubs began emerging across the country and by 1910 they had become International by moving North to Canada. By 1921 Rotary representation was present in every Continent and in 1922 the name Rotary International had been approved. The Rotary Club of St. Catharines came into existence on May 19, 1921 under the Charter President Canon Bill Broughall. The Club’s beginnings were humble with only twenty-five members; however, by their seventy-fifth anniversary the club had grown to one hundred and forty-four. The Rotary Club of St. Catharines is a non-profit charity, prescribing to the motto Service above Self. This motto is demonstrated through the Clubs numerous contributions to society both locally and internationally. The Club raises funds, supports exchange programs, and participates in community service work. Some of the organizations which have benefited from the Clubs donations; include, Easter Seals, the Niagara Peninsula Children’s Centre, and the Youth Exchange Program.

A Study of One Living School Partnership

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to explore the ways one partnership evaluated its partners and relationships using Gray‟s model of collaboration (2000). The model consists of five approaches that are made up of: problem-focused, relational, cognitive, structural, and political. These approaches were tested at one „Living School‟ partnership that was constituted by a school, a public health department, the City‟s Park and Recreation Department, commercial enterprises, and organizations from the non-profit sector. Eight pre-arranged interviews were conducted using conversational interview technique, with three additional interviews on-site. The results of the research revealed that based on Gray‟s five approaches, this one Living School partnership was found to be successful. Consistent with partnership research, trust, social capital and structure were found to be key ingredients, as well as new themes of leadership, role clarity, and a shared vision were also found to be vital.