Optimisation and design of post-tensioning anchorage corner blisters in concrete box girder bidges

The design of anchorage blisters of internal continuity post-tensioning tendons of bridges built by the cantilever method, presents some peculiarities, not only because they are intermediate anchorages but also because these anchorages are located in blisters, so the prestressing force has to be transferred from the blister the bottom slab and web of the girder. The high density of steel reinforcement in anchorage blisters is the most common reason for problems with concrete cast in situ, resulting in zones with low concrete compacity, leading to concrete crushing failures under the anchor plates. A solution may involve improving the concrete compression and tensile strength. To meet these requirements a high-performance fibre reinforced self-compacting mix- ture (HPFRC) was used in anchorage corner blisters of post-tensioning tendons, reducing the concrete cross-section and decreasing the reinforcement needed. To assess the ultimate capacity and the adequate serviceability of the local anchorage zone after reducing the minimum concrete cross-section and the confining reinforcement, specified by the anchorage device supplier for the particular tendon, load transfer tests were performed. To investigate the behaviour of anchorage blisters regarding the transmission of stresses to the web and the bottom slab of the girder, and the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, two half scale models of the inferior corner of a box girder existing bridge were studied: a reference specimen of ordinary reinforced concrete and a HPFRC blister specimen. The design of the reinforcement was based in the tensile forces obtained on strut-and-tie models. An experimental program was carried out to assess the models used in design and to study the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, either with casting in situ, or with precast solutions. A non-linear finite element analysis of the tested specimens was also performed and the results compared.

Novel antibiotic-loaded orthopaedic bone cements: insights on drug release profiles and biocompatibility

Acrylic bone cement (BC) is widely used as an anchor of artificial joints. Bacterial infection due to biofilm formation and inflammation are common and difficult to treat problems associated with commercial available BC formulations. Research on novel BC compositions is urgently needed. The main objective of this thesis was to develop a new biocompatible antibiotic-loaded BC with improved release profile. To achieve that aim several additives were incorporated, as an antibiotic (levofloxacin) to combat bacterial growth, an anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac) to decrease the inflammatory process and two well-known and broadly used biopolymers, alginate and chitosan in order to increase matrix porosity, and in this way to intensify the amount of released drug. Novel BC formulations were tested in order to find the most suitable one that had potential to proceed to clinical application. Numerous tests were conducted as: a) evaluation of drug release profiles in different biomimetic media, b) mechanical and surface studies, c) microbiological activity testing against Staphylococcus aureus and d) in vitro biocompatibility assays (fibroblasts and osteoblasts). In general, the addition of biopolymers increased drug release, didn’t compromised BC mechanical properties and increased BC hydrophilicity. Microbiological testing revealed that Lev[BC]Chi was the only matrix that reduced significantly biofilm formation. On the contrary, alginate and diclofenac loading into BC seemed to increase biofilm growth. Biocompatibility studies showed some decrease in cell viability, in particularly on osteoblasts, mainly due to the high amounts of released drugs. In conclusion, the present work has shown that the matrix with more potential to proceed in further investigations was Lev[BC]Chi. Other conditions (namely additives and drugs concentrations) should be evaluated with the other tested BC matrices before being discharged.

Aplicação do CRM no contexto do bloco operatório

RESUMO - Introdução: Na última década, inúmera literatura sobre temas de saúde, principalmente abordando a Segurança do Doente, foca a necessidade e a importância do conceito de trabalho em equipa e da sua implementação na atividade dos profissionais de saúde. É também referido, como exemplo a seguir, por analogia e com a devida adaptação, o conceito e a metodologia do Crew Resource Management (CRM) da aviação civil, em que vários autores reviram a evidência da sua aplicação à medicina e concluíram que era uma ferramenta útil em formação não-técnica para a prática da cirurgia segura. Porquê esta analogia entre a saúde e a aviação civil? Porquê este despertar na saúde para o trabalho em equipa e, principalmente, baseando-se na metodologia do CRM da aviação civil? Qual a importância da formação não-técnica e como pode esta ser adaptada à atividade dos profissionais da saúde, nomeadamente no bloco operatório? São estas as principais questões que irão ser investigadas e analisadas ao longo deste estudo. Objetivos: Na aviação civil, a segurança é uma das prioridades desta indústria e um dos pilares da sua sustentabilidade. Sendo a indústria da aviação civil, como a saúde, uma atividade complexa importa em primeiro lugar compreender como a segurança deve ser abordada nas organizações complexas. Depois de compreendermos os quatro pilares da segurança (política, risco, garantia e promoção) aplicados na aviação civil, analisaremos a necessidade da formação não-técnica, explicando a importância da metodologia do CRM na aviação civil e a possibilidade da “importação” dos seus conceitos pela saúde. Metodologia: Para aferirmos a necessidade de formação não-técnica pelos profissionais da saúde foi desenvolvido um inquérito aos alunos finalistas dos Cursos de Enfermagem e dos Cursos de Medicina e outro inquérito a profissionais da saúde, Enfermeiros e Médicos (Anestesista e Cirurgião) com funções no Bloco Operatório, para responderem às seguintes inquietações:  Tiveram os profissionais de saúde formação formal na sua licenciatura ou pós-graduação em temas sobre comunicação, trabalho em equipa, gestão do erro, gestão do stress, liderança, atitudes e comportamentos para um trabalho em equipa eficiente e seguro?  Tiveram formação inicial no início da sua carreira e formação recorrente equivalente sobre estes temas ao longo da sua carreira?  Estão os profissionais de saúde preparados, com conhecimentos obtidos em formação formal, para trabalhar em equipa? Pretendeu-se igualmente, através de inquérito, saber se os alunos finalistas das licenciaturas acima identificadas consideram importante para a sua futura atividade como profissionais de saúde possuírem competências não-técnicas para o trabalho em equipa para evitarem os eventos adversos. No referido inquérito será também questionado quais as matérias a abordar nas licenciaturas (ou em outra etapa da formação), consideradas necessárias para se obterem competências de trabalho em equipa e qual a opinião sobre a frequência da formação recorrente sobre estes temas. Conclusão: O trabalho ficará concluído com uma proposta de conteúdos programáticos para a formação não-técnica dos profissionais de saúde, para a sua formação inicial e para a formação recorrente ao longo da carreira, baseada na metodologia do CRM da aviação civil. Objetivo final: Como objetivo final do estudo pretende-se contribuir, através da aplicação de formação não-técnicas aos profissionais de saúde, para a melhoria da Segurança do Doente nos cuidados em saúde.

The general practitioner and the surgeon: stereotypes and medical specialties

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and characterize the professional stereotypes associated with general medicine and surgery among Brazilian medical residents. METHODS: A randomized sample of residents of the General Medicine and Surgery Residence Programs were interviewed and their perceptions and views of general and surgical doctors were compared. RESULTS: The general practitioner was characterized by the residents in general to be principally a sensitive and concerned doctor with a close relationship with the patient; (45%); calm, tranquil, and balanced (27%); with intellectual skills (25%); meticulous and attentive to details (23%); slow to resolve problems and make decisions (22%); and working more with probabilities and hypotheses (20%). The surgeon was considered to be practical and objective (40%); quickly resolving problems (35%); technical with manual skills (23%); omnipotent, arrogant, and domineering (23%); anxious, stressed, nervous, and temperamental (23%); and more decided, secure, and courageous (20%). Only the residents of general medicine attributed the surgeon with less knowledge of medicine and only the surgeons attributed gender characteristics to their own specialty. CONCLUSION: There was considerable similarity in the description of a typical general practitioner and surgeon among the residents in general, regardless of the specialty they had chosen. It was interesting to observe that these stereotypes persist despite the transformations in the history of medicine, i.e. the first physicians (especially regarding the valorization of knowledge) and the first surgeons, so-called "barber surgeons" in Brazil (associated with less knowledge and the performance of high-risk procedures).

O corpo da Guarda prisional como Órgão de Polícia Criminal e a sua importância na Segurança Interna

The study now presented a research study aimed at the exercise of security activity of the prison guard corps (CGP) in the specific context of the prison system (SP). The study also focused on the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the current panorama of world crime and their relationship with the prison security object of study was the security activity of the CGP on the current inmate population, as well as the typology of crimes inherent to it and that requires the interpretation of the amendment to the correctional paradigm. In the preparation of the study we have tried to identify the legal framework of the profession based on the main laws and decree-laws governing the institution DGRSP and CGP's career. The difficulties and constraints were analyzed the performance of the security function of the CGP, resulting from the infrastructure, the interaction with the inmates and the need of assigning the status of Criminal Police (OPC). Really connected the relevant importance of OPC so the Corporation can establish a cooperation interaction and sharing of information with different security forces. We noted the importance of the CGP being OPC status before the framework for its action in work situations, specifically, on gatehouses, prison wings, area, and high-complexity operations such as escorts and riot control interventions.The explanation of this study enabled us to assess the importance of the actions of a police officer of the elements of the CGP for maintaining internal security. The analyses and studies were complemented by twenty years of career and exercise of the activity of the master's degree, during which time he served as guard and head of the CGP, the intervention Group and Prison Security, the Lisbon Prison, Prison, Prison of Caxias, Sintra and Monsanto.

How aspiring filmmakers cope with unexpected events on set

Making the transition between plans and unexpected occurrences is something organizations are used to doing every day. However, not much is known about how actors cope with unanticipated events and how they accommodate them within predefined schedules. In this study, we draw on an inductive analysis of aspiring filmmakers’ film sets to elaborate on how they plan their shooting activities every day, only to adjust them when unforeseen complications arise. We discover that film crews anchor their expectations for the day based on a planned shooting schedule, yet they incorporate a built-in assumption that it will inevitably be disrupted. We argue that they resort to triage processes and “troubleshooting protocols” that help decipher incoming problems. Familiar problems are solved by making use of experience obtained from past situations, whereas unprecedented problems are solved through a tacit protocol used as a tool to quickly devise an appropriate game plan. This study contributes to the literature on sense-making and provides valuable information about the unexplored world of filmmaking.

How small accounting firms can compete in an environment in which the big four are getting bigger

This paper sets out to determine how small accounting firms can compete in the United States in the early 21st century. The first chapter identifies the central goal of the paper: namely, to use existing literature and market data to define a business strategy for Ross & Moncure, Inc., a small accounting firm in the metropolitan Washington area. The second chapter is a literature review, and in it the author finds that large accounting firms are advantaged in terms of reputation, ability to diversify, and ability to retain employees, but are disadvantaged in their ability to form longstanding successful relationships with clients. In the third chapter, the author explores the relationship between the Big Four firms and their employees. The goal of this chapter is to determine how small accounting firms can compete for top talent in the HR market, and the author finds that this can be done by offering faster career progression and more client interaction. The fourth chapter looks at the market for accounting services in the United States, exploring the different options that consumers have to meet their accounting needs. It is found in this chapter that big and small accounting firms tend to compete for clients of different profiles. In the fifth chapter, the author uses proprietary company data to explore the composition, existing strategy and culture of Ross & Moncure. In the sixth chapter, all of the previous chapters come together to formulate a strategy and plan for action for Ross & Moncure: specifically, that the firm should further cultivate networks and relationships, and should create a fulfilling professional environment by increasing client-employee interaction, encouraging external education, and allowing employees to take on many different projects

Descrição e reflexão sobre um percurso profissional

Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Ensino da Música

José Anastácio da Cunha e o projeto MAT² : no trilho de uma história extraordinária

A ideia de que as Matemáticas de Portugal (e de Espanha) atravessaram, depois de um período áureo nos Descobrimentos, um longo deserto onde não foi possível florescerem Mestres, nem escolas, nem cultura científica, nem investigação de relevo foi, durante muito tempo, reiteradamente veiculada, inclusivé através de alguns dos nossos mais referenciados historiadores da Matemática, como é o caso de Gomes Teixeira ou de Rey Pastor. Mas a verdade é que o estudo da História das Matemáticas em Portugal tem, na última década, vivido um interesse crescente onde sobressaem, em particular, uma leitura menos enviesada sobre, por exemplo, o papel educativo dos Jesuítas ou a publicação das obras completas de Pedro Nunes. Está-se assim a contribuir para uma compreensão mais completa da História geral de Portugal, de que a História da Ciência e da Cultura faz parte. José Anastácio da Cunha (1744-1787) foi figura de proa no século XVIII português. Sabíamo-lo matemático que, sem nunca ter saído de Portugal, havia sido capaz de antecipar, em mais de 50 anos, os esforços de matemáticos franceses e alemães para fundar a Matemática com rigor. Sabíamo-lo também autor de uma vasta e diversificada obra de inegável importância matemática mas, igualmente, autor de textos poéticos. Agora, com o projecto que denominámos de MAT2, centramo-nos em José Anastácio da Cunha e pretendemos, se possível, ir ainda mais além. Partimos de uma descoberta, árdua mas com final feliz, em um Arquivo de família: o da Casa de Mateus. Sentimo-nos, com esta “sorte”, privilegiados e gratos por nos ter sido gentilmente concedido o acesso a um vasto conjunto de documentos únicos (diários de viagens, notas de aulas e correspondência) que incluem memórias autógrafas e inéditas de Anastácio da Cunha. Organizámo-nos, cientes do trabalho árduo que temos pela frente, multi e interdisciplinarmente englobando a Matemática (nas suas múltiplas especializações) e a História (incluindo a da Matemática) mas também contando com a Física, a Informática, os estudos militares ou a Arquivística e as Humanidades; reunimos académicos, mais e menos veteranos, com investigadores jovens e juntámos valências nacionais e estrangeiras. No presente artigo daremos conta do percurso trilhado, até agora, pelo projecto MAT2.

Relação entre coordenação motora e comportamento sedentário, em crianças

Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

Da prevenção à inclusão

Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia da Justiça)

Avaliação de um processo de aconselhamento na construção de carreira: estudo de caso

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia

Intra and inter-individual differences in social intelligence of Portuguese students

Social intelligence is a favorable condition for career decision-making and development. The social intelligence indices of Portuguese students in school years prior to a career transition are characterized and intra and interindividual differences are analyzed. Participants were 1095 students (552, 50.4% women) with a mean age of 14.78 years (SD = 1.86), in the 8th (542, 49.5%), 10th (295, 26.9%) and 11th (258, 23.6%) grades. The Cognitive Test of Social Intelligence (PCIS) was administered at two moments, six months apart. Results indicate that the 8th grade obtained higher average scores in Problem Solving, Motivation and Self-confidence (time 1), while the 10th grade obtained better results in Problem Solving, Motivation and Familiarity (time 2). Between the assessment moments, all school years register an increase in Problem Solving and Self-confidence in social situations. These results constitute favorable psychological conditions for the promotion of ethical questioning in career guidance interventions.

Da carreira às trajetórias de inserção profissional: o caso dos licenciados em educação de infância e em ensino básico (1.º ciclo), pela Universidade do Minho, entre 2001 e 2010

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Formação de Professores).

Seismic retrofit of masonry-to-timber connections in historical constructions

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil.