Estruturas cerâmicas a base de zircônia e alumina utilizadas na confecção de infra - estruturas para coroas e pontes fixas

The continuous advances in ceramic systems for crowns and bridges infrastructure getting researchers and manufacturers looking for a material that has good mechanical properties and aesthetic. The purpose of this study was to verify in which composition and sintering temperature the ceramic system for infrastructure composed of alumina and zirconia would have the best mechanical properties. With this objective we made in UFRN laboratories 45 test bodies in the form of rectangular bars with the following dimensions: 30mm x 8mm x 3mm, where we separated by the sintering temperature: 1200°C, 1300ºC and 1400ºC, and by comp osition: 33% Zirconia + 67% Alumina; 50% Zirconia + 50% Alumina and 25% Zirconia + 75% Alumina, these test bodies were not infiltrated with glass. Also, were made nine test bodies by a technical from a laboratory with a commercial ceramic system: in the Ceram Zircônia (Vita - Zahnfabrik) with the following dimensions: 20mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, these test bodies following all recommendations of the manufacturer and were infiltrated with glass. Were realized optical and electronic microscopy analyses, hardness testing, resistance to bending in three points, porosity and bulk density. After analysis of the results we verified that with the increasing of sintering temperature, increased the value of resistance to bending, but with the same temperature there was no significant difference between the different compositions, samples made with the commercial ceramic that were infiltrated, presented a resistance to bending six times greater than the samples sintered to 1400°C and which have not been infiltra ted. There was no significant difference between the values of apparent porosity for the samples made in UFRN laboratories, but the samples of commercial ceramic obtained 0% in porosity apparent value. In tests of Rockwell Hardness there is an increase in the value of Hardness, with the increase of sintering temperature for the samples not infiltrated. Samples infiltrated showed similar values as the samples sintered in 1400°C. There was no significant difference between the values of apparent density among samples manufactured in UFRN laboratories and samples made with a commercial ceramic

Álgebra de mapas de atributos de solos para estimativa da aptidão agrícola das terras.

The land suitability evaluation is used to establish land zonings for agriculture activities. Geographic information systems (GIS) are useful for integrating different attributes necessaries to define apt and not apt lands. The present study had as main objective to describe procedures to define land suitability using GIS tools, soils maps and data soils profiles data, emphasizing procedures to define soil atributes. The area studied was the watershed of Córrego Espraiado, Ribeirão Preto-SP, located on the recharging area of the Guarani Aquifer, with approximately 4,130 ha and predominance of sugar cane culture. The database project was developed using the GIS Idrisi 32. The land suitability evaluation was done considering the intensive agricultural production system predominant in the watershed, adjusted for the vulnerability of the areas of recharge and for the methodology of GIS tools. Numerical terrain models (NTM) had been constructed for cation exchange capacity, basis saturation, clay content and silt+clay content using kriging (geostatistical interpolator), and for aluminum saturation using the inverse-square-distance. Boolean operations for handling geographic fields (thematic maps and NTM) to produce information plans are described and a land suitability map obtained by GIS tools is presented, indicating that 85% of watershed lands are apt to annual cultures.

Determinação de resíduos de glifosato em plantas de soja utilizando cromatografia de íons.

O glifosato (N-(fosfonometil) glicina, C3H8NO5P) é um herbicida sistêmico não seletivo (mata qualquer tipo de planta) desenvolvido para matar ervas, principalmente as perenes. É amplamente empregado na cultura de soja transgënica, a qual é resistente ao glifosato e cujas sementes são comercializadas pela Monsanto. A determinação de resíduos de glifosato em amostras ambientais, plantas e alimentos normalmente é realizada por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência e reação pós coluna. Este método vem sendo utilizado rotineiramente no Laboratório de Resíduos e Contaminantes da Embrapa Meio Ambiente (LRC). Entretanto o mesmo é muito trabalhoso e consome grandes quantidades de reagentes. Assim neste trabalho está sendo apresentado um método cromatográfico alternativo, por cromatografia de íons, o qual possui as vantagens de ser mais simples e rápido que o método convencional.

Otimização do processo de síntese do aluminato de cobalto via método de polimerização de complexos (MPC) através do planejamento fatorial fracionado

In the ceramics industry are becoming more predominantly inorganic nature pigments. Studies in this area allow you to develop pigments with more advanced properties and qualities to be used in the industrial context. Studies on synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate has been widely researched, cobalt aluminate behavior at different temperatures of calcinations, highlighting especially the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900° C that served as a basis in the development of this study, using the method of polymerization of complex (CPM), economic, and this method applied in ceramic pigment synthesis. The procedure was developed from a fractional factorial design 2 (5-2) in order to optimize the process of realization of the cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), having as response surfaces the batch analysis data of Uv-vis spectroscopy conducted from the statistic software 7.0, for this were chosen five factors as input variables: citric acid (stoichiometric manner), puff or pyrolysis time (h), temperature (° C), and calcinations (° C/min), at levels determined for this study. By applying statistics in the process of obtaining the CoAl2O4 is possible the study of these factors and which may have greater influence in getting the synthesis. The pigments characterized TG/DSC analyses, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) in order to establish the structural and morphological aspects of pigment CoAl2O4, among the factors studied it were found to statically with increasing calcinations temperature 700°< 800 <900 °C, the bands of Uv-vis decrease with increasing intensity of absorbance and that with increasing time of puff or pyrolysis (h) there is an increase in bands of Uv-vis proportionally, the generated model set for the conditions proposed in this study because the coefficient of determination can explain about 99.9% of the variance (R²), response surfaces generated were satisfactory, so it s possible applicability in the ceramics industry of pigments

Origen y distribución de tierras raras (RREs) en el agua y sedimentos de la Laguna de El Hito (Cuenca, España Central).

Determination of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the waters and sediments of El Hito Lake and its drainage basin was carried out. Distribution maps for REEs concentrations show increasing values in the lake sediments from the center to the eastern edge reaching 166.5 mg/kg. In the drainage basin, higher values were observed with a maximum of 350.9 mg/kg in the southern part. Concentrations in the water were considerably lower with a maximum value of 1.3 µg/L. Ce, La and Nd were the most abundant elements. When normalized REE concentrations against NASC (North American Shale Composite), a positive anomaly of Eu in the water and of Nd in the sediments (lake and basin) was observed. The (La/Gd)NASC and (La/Yb)NASC ratios determined the predominance of light REE (LREE) over medium (MREE) and heavy REE (HREE). Key-words: Rare Earth Elements, lacustrine sediments and water, Eu anomaly, sulfates RESUMEN: Se llevó a cabo el estudio de Tierras Raras (REEs) del agua y los sedimentos de la Laguna de El Hito así como de su cuenca de recepción. Los mapas de distribución de las concentraciones de REE en los sedimentos de la laguna mostraron valores crecientes desde el centro hacia el margen este alcanzando 166.5 mg/kg. En la cuenca se midieron valores más elevados llegando hasta 350.9 mg/kg en la mitad sur. Los valores en el agua fueron notablemente inferiores, con un máximo de 1.3 µg/L. El elemento más abundante fue el Ce seguido del Nd. Se normalizaron las concentraciones de REEs frente a las del NASC (North American Shale Composite), observándose una anomalía positiva de Eu en el agua, así como de Nd en los sedimentos (laguna y cuenca). Mediante los índices (La/Gd)NASC y (La/Yb)NASC se determinó el predominio de las REEs ligeras (LREEs) frente a las medias (MREE) y pesadas (HREE).

Dinâmica do desflorestamento e uso das terras na região dos formadores do rio Xingu.

Because of the occupation occurred in the last thirty years at Xingu river basin, this region has been suffering a large deforestation pressure, especially on its headwaters areas. This study aims to apply GIS techniques to evaluate how land use change has influenced the deforestation dynamics of Xingu water basin in Mato Grosso State. For that, a GIS based study was carried out were the deforestation data for the period between 2000 and 2005 was spatially integrated with settlement areas, indigenous lands, sites of mineral deposits and prospect areas. From this spatially integration, it was possible to analyze statistically how the deforestation has manifested on each kind of occupation, considering the original forest area. The techniques used, including inventory and database organization on GIS environment, and spatial analysis tools made it possible to analyze the deforestation in the Xingu basin in Mato Grosso State between the period of 2000 and 2005, and identify the most affected areas, considering different land uses.

Adequabilidade do uso das terras agrícolas no município de Araras, SP.

Os estudos de adequação do uso agrícola das terras permitem identificar áreas com alto risco de degradação por apresentarem uso mais intensivo que a potencialidade de suas terras, assim como podem indicar áreas com uso adequado ou mesmo aquelas em que o uso está abaixo do potencial produtivo de suas terras. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar se as terras agrícolas no município de Araras, SP estão sendo subutilizadas, sobreutilizadas ou encontram-se com uso adequado, através da interseção digital dos mapas de aptidão agrícola e de uso e cobertura das terras da área estudada. O estudo pode se constituir em uma importante ferramenta para o planejamento e desenvolvimento rural, de forma sustentável. Para a elaboração do mapa de adequabilidade das terras usou-se o mapa de aptidão agrícola Oliveira & Berg [1] e o mapeamento do uso e cobertura das terras Valladares & Tôsto[2]. Conclui-se que dado a uma boa aptidão agrícola, as terras do município apresentam-se na sua maioria com uso adequado.

Avaliação da capacidade de uso das terras da quadrícula de Araras, SP.

O uso da terra, sem o prévio conhecimento do potencial produtivo do solo, pode desencadear os indesejáveis processos erosivos e a consequente degradação ambiental, com perda da capacidade produtiva do sistema (arraste de solo e fertilizantes), assoreamento, eutrofização de rios e mananciais, principalmente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de uso das terras do município de Araras, SP, que pode se constituir numa importante ferramenta de planejamento e desenvolvimento rural, de forma sustentável. Como metodologia, adotou o sistema de classificação de terras, conforme Lepsch [1]. Os resultados indicaram que o município possui excelente potencial produtivo, pois 91,4% de suas terras são apropriadas para culturas anuais, perenes, pastagens, reflorestamento e vida silvestre. Concluiu-se que a classe II foi a de maior significância, tanto pelo seu elevado potencial e opções de uso agrícola, quanto pela sua extensão territorial (79,4% da área municipal).

Terrenos de marinha: terras públicas com função social? um estudo da orla marítima de natal

This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development

Estudo da influência da temperatura de brasagem nas uniões zircônia/aço inox 304 utilizando metalização mecânica

Metal-Ceramic (M/C) Zirconia-stainless steel interfaces have been processed through brazing techniques due to the excellent combination of properties such as high temperature stability, high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. However, some M/C interfaces show some defects, like porosity and cracks results in the degradation of the interfaces, leading even to its total rupture. Most of time, those defects are associated with an improper brazing parameters selection to the M/C system. In this work, ZrO2 Y-TZP and ZrO2 Mg - PSZ were joint with the stainless steel grade 304 by brazing using a eutectic silver-copper (Ag28Cu) interlayer alloy with different thermal cycles. Ceramic surfaces were previous mechanically metallized with titanium to improve adhesion of the system. The effect of temperature on the M/C interface was studied. SEM-EDS and 3 point flexural bend test were performed to evaluate morphology, chemical composition and mechanical resistance of the M/C interfaces. Lower thermal cycle temperatures produced better results of mechanical resistance, and more regular/ homogeneous reaction layers between braze alloy and metal-ceramic surfaces. Also was proved the AgCu braze alloy activation in situ by titanium

Intervenção psicomotora por terras de Moçambique : crianças com paralisia cerebral e jovens com DID, uma realidade escondida

O presente documento, criado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Atividade de Aprofundamento de Competências Profissionais, do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora, apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido no Centro de Reabilitação Psicossocial, das Irmãs Hospitaleiras em Maputo – Moçambique. O processo de intervenção psicomotora foi desenvolvido com jovens/adultos com Dificuldades Intelectuais e Desenvolvimentais e crianças com Paralisia Cerebral ou Atraso Global do Desenvolvimento, durante 8 meses. A intervenção concretizou-se em sessões de grupo e individuais em contexto de atividade motora, terapias expressivas, desenvolvimento pessoal e social com os jovens/adultos e em contexto de promoção do desenvolvimento psicomotor, atividades psicopedagógicas e terapias expressivas com as crianças, com objetivo de promoção de bem-estar, qualidade de vida, funcionalidade e autonomia dos utentes, tendo em conta o contexto cultural, familiar e as potencialidades, dificuldades e interesses. No processo de intervenção estiveram presentes as fases próprias da prática terapêutica, observação, conhecimento e criação de relação empática com os utentes, avaliação inicial, processo de intervenção planeado, avaliação final e comparação dos resultados com avaliação inicial e reflexão sobre o mesmo. É ainda apresentado um projeto de investigação centrado no estudo das atitudes da comunidade do Bairro das Mahotas perante a população com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental.

Museu do território do Vale da Paiva e Serras (em terras de Arouca, Castro Daire, São Pedro do Sul e Vila Nova de Paiva)

O Museu do Território, descentralizado e polinucleado, sediado no Museu Maria da Fontinha, compreende 50 núcleos, de diversificados patrimónios: geológico (Geoparque de Arouca), arqueológico (castros, dólmens ou orcas) religioso (mosteiros, igrejas e ermidas), histórico, gastronómico, paisagístico, artístico, musical e do "saber fazer". Pretende-se a preservação de identidades, memórias, patrimónios, tangíveis e intangíveis, garantindo a auto-estima das populações abrangidas, buscando sempre um desenvolvimento, um ambiente e um turismo sustentáveis, para acréscimo da melhoria económica e social. Respeitar-se-ão sempre os princípios da museologia. O presente trabalho/dissertação descreve com algum pormenor a transformação da Casa-Museu Maria da Fontinha, com 26 anos de existência, em Museu Maria da Fontinha. O Museu abrange territórios de 28 freguesias dos Municípios de Arouca, Castro Daire, São Pedro do Sul e Vila Nova de Paiva. ABSTRACT: The Museum of the Territory, decentralized and polynucleated, based in the Museum of Maria da Fontinha, includes 50 centres of diverse heritages: geological (Geoparque of Arouca), archaeological (castors, dolmens or orcas), religious (monasteries, churches and hermitages), history, food, landscape, artistic, musical and know-how. It wishes the protection of identities, memories and tangible and intangible heritages, and thus ensuring the self-esteem of the populations concerned, proceeding with the development, the environment and the sustainable tourism, to achieve better economic and social improvement, always respecting the museology principles. The principales of museology will always be respected. The present work thesis describes in detail the transformation of Casa­Museu Maria da Fontinha, with its 26 years of existence, into Museu Maria da Fontinha. The Museum covers areas of 28 parishes of the Arouca, Castro Daire, São Pedro do Sul and Vila Nova de Paiva Municipalities.

Colonialidade do poder no direito e povos indígenas na América Latina: as faces da subordinação/dominação jurídica frente ao direito de retorno às terras ancestrais dos povos indígenas Kaiowá do Tekohá Laranjeira Ñande‘Rú no Brasil e Mapuche do Lof Temucuicui no Chile

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação sobre as Américas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados sobre as Américas, 2016.

A Bolsa de Terras - o regime da Lei nº.62/2012, de 10 de Dezembro

Em 2012, o nosso ordenamento jurídico criou a figura da Bolsa de terras. Uma Bolsa nacional de terras, para utilização agrícola, florestal ou silvopastoril, com o objetivo de implementar o aproveitamento do território rural (Lei n.º 62/2012, de 10 de dezembro). Pela Portaria n.º 197/2013, de 28 de maio, estabeleceu-se o Regulamento da Bolsa Nacional de Terras. A nova realidade jurídica despertou, de novo, a reflexão sobre a importância e evolução da questão agrícola em Portugal. A Bolsa de terras despoleta a necessidade de se refletir sobre a questão da Nova Ciência Administrativa.