Spatial variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages and the influence of hydrological and environmental variables along the Sigi River, Tanzania-East Africa

The study of investigating the spatial and temporal variability of macroinvertebrate and their relation to hydrology, hydraulic and environmental factors was done along the Sigi River during two sampling periods in the dry (March) and wet (May) periods of 2012. The river was demarcated based on slope ranges and five river zones were identified as mountains streams (MS), upper foothills (UF), lower foothills (LF), rejuvenated foothills (REJ) and mature lower river (MR). Samples of macroinvertebrate were collected from the five river zones and measurements of hydrological (discharge), hydraulics (Depth, velocity and Froude number) and Environmental (pH, Temperature, substrate, conductivity) parameters were done in each zone. In characterizing the macroinvertebrate assemblages along the Sigi River diversity indices (number of taxa, total abundances, Margalef richness index and ShannonWiener index) were calculated and the most representative species for the spatial and temporal variation were identified. Melanoides and Afronurous showed differences in abundance in two samplings periods while Cleopatra, Potamonautes, Ephemerythus, Neoperla, Caenis, Ceratogomphus and Cheumatopsyche showed significant difference among the river zones. Spearman rank correlation and Distance Linear Model (DistLM) used to revealed physical factors governing the macroinvertebrate assemblages distribution. The study demonstrated that the variation of physical factors like discharge, temperature, conductivity and pH have an important role in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the river and the life cycle of macroinvertebrate (Afronurus) is important in determining the temporal variability.

Ecological niche modeling, cytogenetics and phylogeography of the genera Geomalacus and Letourneuxia (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) from the Iberian-Moroccan region

First described more that 150 years ago, the systematics of the genera Geomalacus and Letourneuxia (Arionidae, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) is still challenging. The taxonomic classification of arionid species is based on extremely labile characters such as body size or color that depends both on diet and environment, as well as age. Moreover, there is little information on the genetic diversity and population structure of the Iberian slugs that could provide extra clues to disentangle their problematic classification. The present work uses different analytical tools such as habitat suitability (Ecological Niche Modeling - ENM), cytogenetic analysis and phylogeography to establish the geographical distribution and evolutionary history of these pulmonate slugs. The potential distribution of the four Geomalacus species was modeled using ENM, which allowed the identification of new locations for G. malagensis, including a first report in Portugal. Also, it was predicted a much wider distribution for G. malagensis and G. oliveirae than previously known. Classical cytogenetic analyses were assayed with reproductive and a novel use of somatic tissues (mouth and tentacles) returning the number of chromosomes for the four Geomalacus species and L. numidica (n = 31, 2n = 62) and the respective karyotypes. G. malagensis and L. numidica present similar chromosome morphologies and karyotypic formulae, being more similar to each other than the Geomalacus among themselves. We further reconstructed the phylogeny of the genera Geomalacus and Letourneuxia using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (18S rRNA), and applied an independent evolutionary rate method, the indicator vectors correlation, to evaluate the existence of cryptic diversity within species. The five nominal species of Geomalacus and Letourneuxia comprise 14 well-supported cryptic lineages. Letourneuxia numidica was retrieved as a sister group of G. malagensis. G. oliveirae is paraphyletic with respect to G. anguiformis. According to our dating estimates, the most recent common ancestor of Geomalacus dates back to the Middle Miocene (end of the Serravallian stage). The major lineage splitting events within Geomalacus occurred during the dry periods of the Zanclean stage (5.3-3.6 million years) and some lineages were confined to more humid mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula, which lead to a highly geographically structured mitochondrial genetic diversity. The major findings of this are the following: (1) provides updated species distribution maps for the Iberian Geomalacus expanding the known geographic distribution of the concerned species, (2) unravels the cryptic diversity within the genera Geomalacus and Letourneuxia, (3) Geomalacus oliveirae is paraphyletic with G. anguiformis and (4) Letourneuxia numidica is sister group of G. malagensis.

Marine foundation species shifting ranges and genetic baselines

This thesis revealed the most importance factors shaping the distribution, abundance and genetic diversity of four marine foundation species. Environmental conditions, particularly sea temperatures, nutrient availability and ocean waves, played a primary role in shaping the spatial distribution and abundance of populations, acting on scales varying from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometres. Furthermore, the use of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with biological records of occurrence and high-resolution oceanographic data, allowed predicting species distributions across time. This approach highlighted the role of climate change, particularly when extreme temperatures prevailed during glacial and interglacial periods. These results, when combined with mtDNA and microsatellite genetic variation of populations allowed inferring for the influence of past range dynamics in the genetic diversity and structure of populations. For instance, the Last Glacial Maximum produced important shifts in species ranges, leaving obvious signatures of higher genetic diversities in regions where populations persisted (i.e., refugia). However, it was found that a species’ genetic pool is shaped by regions of persistence, adjacent to others experiencing expansions and contractions. Contradicting expectations, refugia seem to play a minor role on the re(colonization) process of previously eroded populations. In addition, the available habitat area for expanding populations and the inherent mechanisms of species dispersal in occupying available habitats were also found to be fundamental in shaping the distributions of genetic diversity. However, results suggest that the high levels of genetic diversity in some populations do not rule out that they may have experienced strong genetic erosion in the past, a process here named shifting genetic baselines. Furthermore, this thesis predicted an ongoing retraction at the rear edges and extinctions of unique genetic lineages, which will impoverish the global gene pool, strongly shifting the genetic baselines in the future.

O turismo residencial, os resorts integrados e as motivações: o caso do Polo de Desenvolvimento Turístico do Oeste

Esta tese aborda o quadro conceptual e metodológico referente à triangulação entre Turismo Residencial, Motivações e Destino Turístico. A questão de partida inseriu-se na expansão do Turismo Residencial nomeadamente em espaços como os Resorts Integrados, no Polo de Desenvolvimento do Oeste. Estamos perante um colectivo de turistas interessados em alcançar valores relacionados com o bem-estar e com a qualidade de vida, imbricados na lógica representativa dos estilos de vida num destino turístico onde a abundância e a diversidade dos recursos naturais endógenos, bem como a riqueza do património cultural, histórico e arquitectónico, tornaram visível a emergência de um turismo como alternativa estratégica para a satisfação dos objectivos de desenvolvimento da região. Para testar as hipóteses do trabalho foi utilizada uma metodologia que abrangeu vários métodos e técnicas de investigação que incluíram a aplicação de questionários aos turistas residenciais que são proprietários de uma segunda residência em Resorts Integrados (124) e aos representantes de instituições e empresas públicas e privadas ligadas ao fenómeno turístico (84) no destino em análise. Os questionários aplicados permitiram relacionar e avaliar a compatibilidade entre os dois grupos de inquiridos. Os turistas residenciais inquiridos são turistas originários de mercados externos, estão maioritariamente no ativo das suas funções laborais e compram uma segunda residência com o intuito de adquirir um estilo de vida assente em dimensões que muitas vezes não estão disponíveis na primeira habitação. São consideradas habitações dedicadas ao tempo de lazer e turismo em família, mas também se conciliam com a rentabilização da mesma através do arrendamento em determinados períodos do ano. No que diz respeito ao destino turístico, a compra de uma segunda residência coaduna-se com os principais motivos manifestados pelos turistas residenciais, através da permanência nas habitações e através do envolvimento que estabelecem com o destino turístico, não se limitando ao perímetro dos Resorts Integrados, no que diz respeito aos serviços consumidos durante a sua estada. Por outro lado, os representantes das entidades e instituições revelam conhecimento e predisposição para se envolverem na definição de uma estratégia concertada que possibilite o desenvolvimento deste fenómeno turístico na região, no entanto existe alguma necessidade em sensibilizar estes inquiridos para os impactes negativos que decorrem deste processo, inseridos na lógica do desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade turística, que se quer estruturada em princípios de qualidade de forma a influenciar os vários intervenientes, tendo em vista a proteção do ambiente e a preservação da identidade cultural da comunidade. O cruzamento dos dados recolhidos junto dos dois grupos de inquiridos revela que os factores eleitos são maioritariamente idênticos no que diz respeito aos destinos concorrentes e aos serviços comerciais utilizados dentro e fora do Resort Integrado, sendo que neste último o seu grau de prioridade diverge, o que pode deixar transparecer a existência de algumas diferenças entre o percepcionado pelos dois grupos. O resultado desta investigação evidencia a importância da problemática apresentada neste estudo.

Molecular structure and functional analysis of runx3 in zebrafish

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, 2014

Um modelo bioeconómico para a gestão sustentável das florestas mediterrâneas

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Agrárias (Território e Ambiente), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2013

Competências multiculturais: inteligência cultural e personalidade multicultural em contexto organizacional e social

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Identification of novel molecular determinants of tissue mineralization in fish

The identification of genes involved in signaling and regulatory pathways, and matrix formation is paramount to the better understanding of the complex mechanisms of bone formation and mineralization, and critical to the successful development of therapies for human skeletal disorders. To achieve this objective, in vitro cell systems derived from skeletal tissues and able to mineralize their extracellular matrix have been used to identify genes differentially expressed during mineralization and possibly new markers of bone and cartilage homeostasis. Using cell systems of fish origin and techniques such as suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray hybridization, three genes never associated with mechanisms of calcification were identified: the calcium binding protein S100-like, the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase sdr-like and the betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase bhmt3. Analysis of the spatial-temporal expression of these 3 genes by qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed: (1) the up-regulation of sdr-like transcript during in vitro mineralization of gilthead seabream cell lines and its specificity for calcified tissues and differentiating osteoblasts; (2) the up-regulation of S100-like and the down-regulation of bhmt3 during in vitro mineralization and the central role of both genes in cartilaginous tissues undergoing endo/perichondral mineralization in juvenile fish. While expression of S100-like and bhmt3 was restricted to calcified tissues, sdr-like transcript was also detected in soft tissues, in particular in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional analysis of gene promoters revealed the transcriptional regulation of the 3 genes by known regulators of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation/mineralization: RUNX2 and RAR (sdr-like), ETS1 (s100-like; bhmt3), SP1 and MEF2c (bhmt3). The evolutionary relationship of the different orthologs and paralogs identified within the scope of this work was also inferred from taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses and revealed novel protein subfamilies (S100-like and Sdr-like) and the explosive diversity of Bhmt family in particular fish groups (Neoteleostei). Altogether our results contribute with new data on SDR, S100 and BHMT proteins, evidencing for the first time the role for these three proteins in mechanisms of mineralization in fish and emphasized their potential as markers of mineralizing cartilage and bone in developing fish.

Assemblage structure and secondary production of mesozooplankton in shallow water volcanic CO2 vents of the Azores

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Modeling the suitable habitat of a structural red gorgonian species in the Mediterranean/east Atlantic regions predicts a wider distribution than previously known

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univerdade do Algarve, 2015

Caracterização de variantes de Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), Arabis Mosaic Virus (ARMV) e respectivos RNAS satélites presentes em castas portuguesas de Vitis Vinifera

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Impacto fisiológico do parasita dinoflagelado Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) em corvina-legítima (Argyrosomus regius, Asso, 1801) produzida em aquacultura

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Tarefas matemáticas em diferentes contextos escolares

Dissertação de mestrado, Ensino da Matemática no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Inclusão de uma criança com síndrome de turner numa escola do ensino regular: um estudo de caso

Dissertação de mestrado, Educação Especial - Domínios Cognitivo e Motor, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Revisão das orientações terapêuticas da Hipertensão Arterial em ambulatório

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014