Controversy over the Taxation of Recogidas in the Philippines in the mid- 18th Century. The Case of Santa Rita de Pasig’s Spiritual Absorption

This article studies the house of seclusion established for devout Indian and mestizo laywomen in the town of Pasig in 1740, and the dispute over tribute obligations that affected retreated or “pious” women. Founded outside of the Royal Patronato, this house of seclusion was extraordinarily attractive as a place for voluntary retreat and as an educational center. The dispute over tribute payments brought to light misgivings and conflicts of interest between the parties involved, while revealing the fundamental problem: the traditionally undefined juridical status of this type of establishment on the Islands. The solution given to the problem (tribute exemption) was to be extended to other similar centers in the Philippines. This article, realized with the use of unpublished documentation from the General Archives of the Indies, contributes therefore to our knowledge of the world of women in the Philippine archipelago; an ambit of great complexity that, as of yet, has been insufficiently studied.

“Niemand zeugt für den Zeugen”. Temporalidad y memoria en la poesía de Paul Celan

El artículo analiza cómo Paul Celan, utilizando recursos arreferenciales y antimiméticos propios de la poésie pure y la poesía absoluta, desarrolla un modelo poético en el que la temporalidad y la memoria son determinantes. En el nuevo modelo, el lenguaje no constituye una realidad autónoma e inmanente; antes bien, se concreta en una acci��n dialógica y remite a una realidad extralingüística. El mismo texto poético configura un espacio del recuerdo, se erige en un lugar de memoria que, a través de las sedimentaciones históricas que arrastra el lenguaje, da testimonio de lo ocurrido.

Dos traducciones del español al inglés a finales del siglo XV

Al parecer, el primer libro traducido del español al inglés fue La Celestina, ca. 1525. Sin embargo, con anterioridad a esa fecha, hay constancia de que a finales del siglo XV se llevaron tambi��n a cabo traducciones de condici��n documental. De dos de ellas se da cuenta en este artículo: la traducci��n de una carta (previamente traducida del árabe al español) y la traducci��n de un documento comercial fechado el 29 de mayo de 1490.

Líneas posibles de avance del modelo de Sraffa

Diversas consideraciones históricas e ideológicas han impedido la difusi��n de la obra fundamental de Sraffa Producci��n de mercancías por medio de mercancías. La obra de Sraffa ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente en sus aspectos matemáticos por economistas tales como Garegnani, Abraham-Frois, Pasinetti, Steedman, Kurz, Roncaglia, etc. pero sin desarrollar apenas sus aspectos teóricos y económicos. En este artículo se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre posibles desarrollos del libro de Sraffa a partir de su propio esquema de pensamiento.

Of Marx and Makers: an Historical Perspective on Generative Justice

In Marxist frameworks “distributive justice” depends on extracting value through a centralized state. Many new social movements—peer to peer economy, maker activism, community agriculture, queer ecology, etc.—take the opposite approach, keeping value in its unalienated form and allowing it to freely circulate from the bottom up. Unlike Marxism, there is no general theory for bottom-up, unalienated value circulation. This paper examines the concept of “generative justice” through an historical contrast between Marx’s writings and the indigenous cultures that he drew upon. Marx erroneously concluded that while indigenous cultures had unalienated forms of production, only centralized value extraction could allow the productivity needed for a high quality of life. To the contrary, indigenous cultures now provide a robust model for the “gift economy” that underpins open source technological production, agroecology, and restorative approaches to civil rights. Expanding Marx’s concept of unalienated labor value to include unalienated ecological (nonhuman) value, as well as the domain of freedom in speech, sexual orientation, spirituality and other forms of “expressive” value, we arrive at an historically informed perspective for generative justice. 

Cambios del clima, durante los últimos cinco millones de años, observados en el África Atlántica (Islas Canarias)

[ES] En las Canarias orientales, testimonios geológicos del inicio del Plioceno hasta la actualidad han permitido constatar la evolución paleoclimática desde una importante posición en el margen sahariano atlántico. Esta evolución revela la existencia de oscilaciones climáticas caracterizadas por la sucesión de climas que pasan de húmedos y cálidos a cálidos y áridos y que coinciden, respectivamente, con el inicio y el final de períodos interglaciales durante los que el mar fue transgresivo.

La imagen de Barbaci��n en las "Res Gestae" de Amiano Marcelino1

Este artículo analiza uno de los personajes secundarios más relevantes de las Res Gestae (RG) de Amiano Marcelino, el magister peditum Barbaci��n. El historiador presenta a Barbaci��n como un ser infame: colaborador en la muerte de Galo, cobarde, arrogante y desleal con Juliano durante la campaña militar del 357, delator de falsedades ante Constancio, merecedor de una muerte indigna. Sin embargo, un estudio de conjunto de los pasajes de Res Gestae, tomando como apoyo metodológico las técnicas de argumentaci��n aplicadas al retrato y el concepto de ‘argumentaci��n implícita’ de Sabbah 1978 y los métodos de caracterizaci��n de personajes de Pauw 1977, corrige esta visi��n comúnmente aceptada y demuestra la parcialidad del historiador. Así mismo se pone de manifiesto que el personaje, como otros actantes secundarios en las RG, es una réplica del carácter de Constancio II.

An algoritmh for the estimation of 3D surfaces using competitive learning

This paper addresses the estimation of object boundaries from a set of 3D points. An extension of the constrained clustering algorithm developed by Abrantes and Marques in the context of edge linking is presented. The object surface is approximated using rectangular meshes and simplex nets. Centroid-based forces are used for attracting the model nodes towards the data, using competitive learning methods. It is shown that competitive learning improves the model performance in the presence of concavities and allows to discriminate close surfaces. The proposed model is evaluated using synthetic data and medical images (MRI and ultrasound images).

A geografia diocesana (1147-1505)

Em meados do século XII, o bispado de Viseu era constituído por um território de extensão considerável situado a pouca distância da então fronteira Sul do Reino de Portugal. Nesta centúria, porém, as fronteiras diocesanas ainda não se tinham conformado. Com efeito, só em 1258 o poder episcopal, após contenda judicial com o bispo de Idanha, obteve jurisdi��ão sobre Castelo Mendo, em detrimento das igrejas da Guarda e Jarmelo. Dois anos volvidos, em 1260, foram regulamentados os direitos episcopais das nove igrejas de Pinhel. Anos antes, em 1230, o bispo D. Gil estabeleceu um acordo com a Ordem do Templo sobre os proventos eclesi��sticos da igreja de Santiago de Trancoso.

Editorial

Iniciamos la publicaci��n de un boletín cuyo propósito es comunicar las ricas experiencias que los bibliotecarios, documentalistas y especialistas en informaci��n están teniendo, no sólo en Costa Rica sino en toda el área centroamericana.

Nicaraguan librarians

Course for supervisors Nicaraguans. On July 30 closed the third year of improvement. Was held on Labor Day and expansion in Palmares, where the School Core gave an excellent welcome to the 40 Nicaraguan teachers are trained in the A and the MEP.

Librarians, professionals and paraprofessionals

Ms. Van Patten Elia Maria de Ocampo attended the Ninth International Conference on City Library Associations Guyana from 14 to 17 July 1980, Venezuela. Elia was very inspiring to see that the Costa Rican school library system up to the head of the whole region. There are big plans in other countries but have not been able to practice in that it has successfully done in our country. This told us Elia Maria:  Venezuela was chosen by the International Association of School Librarians to host its ninth Annual Conference. The event was held in Ciudad Guayana from 14 to 18 July 1980 and its importance lies in the fact that he offered an excellent and unique opportunity to meet and exchange ideas on the situation of school libraries in America and other regions . Conference was attended by 160 delegates from 13 different countries. Representing the school libraries of the Ministry of Education and with funding from the OAS through the Multinational Project on School Library Resource Centers that attended this important library activity.

Technical follow courses in U.C.R.

A technicians following UCR courses have performed very well, teachers are very satisfied with their work and preparation they have received in the UNA. Lucia Chacon speaks well about the courses: I think when you start a race for it to be good, or more specifically their level of use is optimal, it is necessary that both the faculty and the students show interest. It is also important that students are aware of what the role of the library in the process of communication between the company and its role culturizante in a changing world. Thus the career of librarianship should be a support staff who need the libraries in the country, should contribute to social and cultural development of society and should be upgraded every day the library system, which is achieved mainly through accountability and self-improvement of teachers, so that their knowledge is transmitted to the students.

The role of the school library: resource center in the current educational environment

Principle 7 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (UN General Assembly, 1959) states in part: "The child has the right to receive education which will be free and compulsory ... You will be given an education that promotes their general education and training on an equal opportunity to develop their individual judgment skills and sense of moral and social responsibility, and to become a useful member of society. " I will expose to you that the school library resource center is the general instrument essential to fulfill this right of the child. Within the comprehensive range of materials and acquisition objective of their materials, school library complements and supports all aspects of the educational program.

Editorial

We have been very active this last month, laying off librarians and receiving others. We visit this semester in the program OEA/ UNA / MEP/, eight and 36 Nicaraguan Central Library. We have initiated a training program using audiovisual which gives comprehensive information on this issue.