Avaliação dos efeitos da irradiação na composição química e bioatividade de plantas usadas na indústria farmacêutica e/ou alimentar

Algumas plantas são uma fonte natural de compostos bioativos, tais como polifenóis, vitaminas, carotenóides e ácidos gordos insaturados. Esta diversidade de biomoléculas permite a sua utilização em diversas áreas, especialmente como aditivos alimentares e ingredientes naturais para promoção da saúde. Estes fitoquímicos têm sido utilizados na industria farmacêutica, bem como na formulação de suplementos dietéticos, alimentos funcionais e nutracêuticos. No entanto, a utilização de matérias-primas de boa qualidade microbiológica é um dos requisitos essenciais na indútria, uma vez que os microrganismos podem contaminar o produto final, levando à sua deterioração. Assim, a irradiação é creditada para que a sua aplicação seja permitida em ingredientes secos, sendo cada vez mais reconhecida mundialmente, devido à eficiência na redução das perdas causadas por processos fisiológicos naturais (brotamento, maturação e envelhecimento), para eliminar ou reduzir microorganismos, parasitas e pragas, sem que ocorra qualquer alteração (química ou organoléptica) no alimento, tornando-o mais seguro para o consumidor [1-3]. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de radiação gama e feixe de eletrões na composição química e bioatividade de várias plantas (Ginkgo biloba L., Melissa officinalis L., Melittis melissophyllum L., Mentha piperita L., Aloysia citrodora Palàu, Arenaria montana L. e Thymus vulgaris L.).

Avaliação da eficiência dos programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos em Administração, Contabilidade e Turismo

The Triennial Evaluation of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) is made according to several indicators, divided into several issues and items, and their weights. In these it is evident the importance of scientific periodicals. This study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of post-graduate students in Business Administration, Accounting and tourism evaluated by CAPES in Brazil. The methodology used the data envelopment analysis - DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The data were obtained from the site and organized by the CAPES Qualis score. The analysis was performed by the DEA variable returns to scale, product-oriented (BCC-O), with data from the three-year periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Among the main results are the average increase significantly the relative efficiency of the programs in the period 2007-2009 compared to 2004-2006 period, the highest average efficiency of programs linked to public institutions in relation to private, doctoral programs with the present average efficiency sharply higher than those only with masters, and senior programs in general were more efficient. There is also moderate and significant correlation between the efficiency scores and concepts CAPES. The Malmquist index analysis showed that more than 85% of programs had increased productivity. It is noteworthy that the main effect that influences the increase of the Malmquist index is the displacement of the border (Frontier-shift)

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

Os custos relacionados com a qualidade na prática fiscal das empresas portuguesas. Comparative case study

Todas as organizações deveriam preocupar-se com a análise dos custos da qualidade, dado que essa análise, para além de permitir identificar aspetos a melhorar, é uma ferramenta fundamental para os próprios órgãos de gestão dessas organizações. Esta análise sobre os custos da qualidade também deveria incidir sobre as atividades da empresa relacionadas com a sua prática fiscal. Porém, a literatura não apresenta qualquer referência à relação entre essas duas temáticas: custos da qualidade e fiscalidade empresarial. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho de investigação analisa a relação entre os princípios dos custos da qualidade e a fiscalidade empresarial em Portugal. Pelo que, optou-se pela metodologia case study, mais especificamente pela metodologia comparative case study, por se entender, e se ter demonstrado, ser a metodologia que melhor se adequa à complexidade do tema em análise. Este trabalho, para além de relacionar os custos da qualidade e a fiscalidade empresarial, permitiu apresentar e aplicar uma metodologia para implementação do modelo Prevention – Appraisal – Faillure (PAF), com o objetivo de diminuir os custos da qualidade na prática fiscal e atingir o nível económico da qualidade, bem como um índice de eficiência, que permite, a todo o momento, determinar o nível de eficiência atingido e a forma de o melhorar. Nesse sentido, concluiu-se que a generalidade das empresas portuguesas não aplica os princípios dos custos da qualidade ao seu departamento fiscal ou à sua prática fiscal, quer essa atividade seja executada internamente na empresa, quer seja executada externamente; Costs related to the quality of fiscal practice in Portuguese firms. Comparative case study Abstract: Every organization should be concerned about analyzing its quality costs, since that analysis, besides allowing identification of aspects to improve is a fundamental tool for the management organs of those organizations. This analysis of quality costs should also be carried out on firms’ activities related to their fiscal practice. However, no reference is found in the literature to the relationship between these two: quality costs and business taxation. This research analyzes the relationship between the principles of quality costs and business taxation in Portugal. So being, and to carry out this study, the case study methodology was chosen, more specifically the comparative case study methodology, through the understanding, and previous demonstration, that it is the most appropriate methodology for the complexity of the subject analyzed. Besides relating quality costs to business taxation, this study allowed presentation and application of a methodology for implementing the Prevention – Appraisal – Failure (PAF) model in companies’ fiscal practice which decreases the costs of this practice, reach the economic level of quality as well as an efficiency index, which allows at any time to determine the achieved level of efficiency and how to improve it. All in all, what this study demonstrated is that Portuguese companies, in general, do not apply the principles of quality costs to their taxation department or fiscal practice, whether that activity is performed internally in the firm or externally.

Análise do custo-benefício de sistemas de cobertas em edificações comerciais para o clima de Natal/RN visando eficiência energética

This research consists in studying the influence of the various type of construction systems of roofs with their energy efficiency as well as on the cost benefit for the commercial buildings on the temperatures condition of the city of Natal/RN. The main goal of this research is to analyze the cost benefit of the construction systems of roofs available on the market, taking into consideration the energy efficiency of the commercial buildings artificially air conditioned in order to be used by the projectors and to be adequated to the temperatures condition of the city of Natal/RN. The method of valuation of the cost benefit of roof systems consists in six steps: Features and simulation of the reference building; Analyze of sensitivity; Analyzes, features and simulation of alternatives of roof construction systems; Analyze of the cost of implementation; Analyze of the benefits of the alternatives comparing to the base case; And finally the analyze of the cost benefit. The model type chosen as reference was stores with pre molded buildings and system of roof with fiber ciment and ceiling . The thermal results showed the influence of the roof system on the energy efficiency of the building. The Final results of the simulations of the alternatives comes to a conclusion that the absortance is the variable that presents the best cost benefit relation and the reduction on the thermal transmittance still has limitations because of the high cost

Eficiência das unidades de saúde familiar na diabetes – uma abordagem por Data Envelopment Analysis

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão de Unidades de Saúde, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Avaliação do desempenho das entidades gestoras dos serviços de resíduos urbanos em Portugal

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão Empresarial, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

A Aplicação da Gestão de Projetos na Indústria Criativa - As Microempresas Nacionais de Animação Digital e Videojogos

Numa sociedade onde a inovação é uma pedra basilar para o sucesso das empresas, a criatividade tornou-se num dos mais valiosos ativos intangíveis e um fator chave decisivo para a generalidade das organizações. Segundo a consultora Augusto Mateus & Associados, com o evoluir da sociedade, todas as indústrias serão “culturais e criativas” (Augusto Mateus & Associados, 2010). As Indústrias Criativas têm vindo a assumir um papel cada vez mais relevante na sociedade atual sendo, nos dias de hoje, uma forte fonte de riqueza e emprego. Uma das áreas que mais se tem revelado através do seu rápido e notório crescimento é o sector da animação e dos videojogos, sendo este atualmente uma das indústrias mais valiosas do mundo. Porém, e apesar desta realidade, a atuação nesta indústria é muitas vezes conturbada, pois o sector caracteriza-se pela elevada competitividade, pelos altos custos de produção e pela grande incerteza. As dificuldades vivenciadas no sector levam a uma crescente preocupação pela procura de métodos de gestão sustentáveis, que permitam reduzir os riscos e a elevada taxa de incerteza. Dado que a maioria das empresas desta área está estruturada por projetos, um dos métodos de gestão mais aplicados é o modelo de gestão de projetos. Contudo, verifica-se que ainda existe uma evidente dificuldade na implementação deste modelo de gestão, em particular, nas empresas pequenas e de estrutura achatada, pois este torna-se muitas vezes burocrático, pesado e difícil de aplicar. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal compreender de forma as empresas nacionais de animação e videojogos gerem os seus projetos, sendo que, para este efeito, foram estudados três casos nacionais: a Nerd Monkeys, a Battlesheep e a Nebula Studios através de uma investigação exploratória dos métodos de gestão de projetos aplicados nas empresas de animação e videojogos. De modo a permitir a recolha da informação necessária para dar respostas aos objetivos definidos para a investigação, foi realizado um questionário e realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aos representantes das empresas em estudo. Nesta investigação foi possível aferir que apesar das empresas em estudo aplicarem alguns instrumentos da gestão de projetos, não aplicam nenhum método oficial de forma integral. Apesar de se verificar a utilização de algumas ferramentas de gestão de projetos, os sistemas aplicados dependem na maior parte dos casos do tipo de projeto desenvolvido, existindo algumas variações nos métodos utilizados. Em projetos de tempo mais reduzido e maior simplicidade, verifica-se que a gestão de projetos perde relevância, acabando por muitas vezes não ser aplicada.

Opções de projeto : custos de execução, manutenção e reparação

Actualmente no mundo da construção, existe uma enorme variedade de materiais e de soluções construtivas disponíveis para aplicação nos diversos elementos das edificações (caves, fachadas e coberturas), no entanto, estes materiais/soluções construtivas, são muitas vezes analisadas e apresentadas em termos de características técnicas, sendo deixado de lado a questão da rentabilidade ou não da sua aplicação a longo prazo. Face a este factor, julgou-se necessário efectuar um estudo que permitisse avaliar, até que ponto uma poupança inicial conseguida através da aplicação de uma solução construtiva menos dispendiosa, e com piores características técnicas, se tornaria numa poupança efectiva, ou se pelo contrário, são as soluções com melhores características, que permitem ao longo do tempo, reaver o acréscimo de investimento inicial. Com este objectivo, descrevem-se possíveis soluções construtivas a aplicar na construção de um edifício multifamiliar, onde através de critérios térmicos e de durabilidade, se procura demonstrar que de facto, a aplicação de melhores soluções, que acarretam um maior investimento inicial, revelam-se mais económicas ao longo do tempo, uma vez que as melhores características destas, permitem um retorno com o passar dos tempos.

Uso de argilominerais e diatomita como adsorvente de fenóis em águas produzidas na indústria de petróleo

The oil production in Brazil has been increasing each year. Consequently, increasing volumes of water produced are generated with large quantities of contaminants, which brings many problems in disposing of these waters. The concern that the concentrations of contaminants in water produced meet existing laws for disposal of effluents, has been extremely important for the development of different techniques for treatment of water produced. The study of clay minerals as adsorbents of organic contaminants has grown considerably so in order to combine the low cost with the efficiency of environmental preservation and health issues. Thus, this study aims to understand the characteristics of vermiculite clay, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and diatomite and evaluate their performance as adsorbents for phenol in the water produced. Through adsorption isotherms it was possible to observe the behavior of these adsorptive clay and diatomite for adsorption of phenol, the main phenolic compound found in water produced. Different concentrations of synthetic solutions of phenol were put in touch with these adsorbents under same conditions of agitation and temperature. The adsorbents were composted adsorptive favorable, but the vermiculite and diatomite showed little capacity for absorption, being suggested for absorbs small concentrations of phenol in the balance isothermal

Estudo de reatores eletroquímicos para remoção de Cu2+ , Zn2+, Fenol e BTEX em água produzida

The production of water has become one of the most important wastes in the petroleum industry, specifically in the up stream segment. The treatment of this kind of effluents is complex and normally requires high costs. In this context, the electrochemical treatment emerges as an alternative methodology for treating the wastewaters. It employs electrochemical reactions to increase the capability and efficiency of the traditional chemical treatments for associated produced water. The use of electrochemical reactors can be effective with small changes in traditional treatments, generally not representing a significant additional surface area for new equipments (due to the high cost of square meter on offshore platforms) and also it can use almost the same equipments, in continuous or batch flow, without others high costs investments. Electrochemical treatment causes low environmental impact, because the process uses electrons as reagent and generates small amount of wastes. In this work, it was studied two types of electrochemical reactors: eletroflocculation and eletroflotation, with the aim of removing of Cu2+, Zn2+, phenol and BTEX mixture of produced water. In eletroflocculation, an electrical potential was applied to an aqueous solution containing NaCl. For this, it was used iron electrodes, which promote the dissolution of metal ions, generating Fe2+ and gases which, in appropriate pH, promote also clotting-flocculation reactions, removing Cu2+ and Zn2+. In eletroflotation, a carbon steel cathode and a DSA type anode (Ti/TiO2-RuO2-SnO2) were used in a NaCl solution. It was applied an electrical current, producing strong oxidant agents as Cl2 and HOCl, increasing the degradation rate of BTEX and phenol. Under different flow rates, the Zn2+ was removed by electrodeposition or by ZnOH formation, due the increasing of pH during the reaction. To better understand the electrochemical process, a statistical protocol factor (22) with central point was conducted to analyze the sensitivity of operating parameters on removing Zn2+ by eletroflotation, confirming that the current density affected the process negatively and the flow rate positively. For economical viability of these two electrochemical treatments, the energy consumption was calculated, taking in account the kWh given by ANEEL. The treatment cost obtained were quite attractive in comparison with the current treatments used in Rio Grande do Norte state. In addition, it could still be reduced for the case of using other alternative energy source such as solar, wind or gas generated directly from the Petrochemical Plant or offshore platforms

Rejeito de xisto como adsorvente para remoção de fenol em águas produzidas na indústria de petróleo

Produced water is the main effluent linked to the activity of extraction of oil and their caring management is necessary due to the large volume involved, to ensure to minimize the negative impacts of discharges of these waters in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the use of retorted shale, which is a reject from the pyrolysis of pirobituminous shale, as adsorbent for the removal of phenols in produced water. The material was characterized by different techniques (grain sized analysis, thermal analysis, BET, FRX, FT-IR, XRD and SEM), showing the heterogeneity in their composition, showing its potential for the removal of varied compounds, as well as the phenols and their derivatives. For the analysis of the efficiency of the oil shale for the adsorption process, assays of adsorption balance were carried through, and also kinetic studies and dynamics adsorption, in the ETE of the UTPF of Petrobras, in Guamaré-RN. The balance assays shown a bigger conformity with the model of Langmuir and the kinetic model more adjusted to describe the adsorption of phenols in retorted shale was of pseudo-second order. The retorted shale presented a low capacity of adsorption of phenols (1,3mg/g), when related to others conventional adsorbents, however it is enough to the removal of these composites in concentrations presented in the produced water of the UTPF of Guamaré. The assays of dynamics adsorption in field had shown that the concentration of phenol in the effluent was null until reaching its rupture (58 hours). The results showed the possibility of use of the reject for removal of phenols in the final operations of the treatment process, removing as well, satisfactorily, the color and turbidity of the produced water, with more than 90% of removal

Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de ontologias para processos petroquímicos : estudo de caso em uma planta DEA

In the last decades, the oil, gas and petrochemical industries have registered a series of huge accidents. Influenced by this context, companies have felt the necessity of engaging themselves in processes to protect the external environment, which can be understood as an ecological concern. In the particular case of the nuclear industry, sustainable education and training, which depend too much on the quality and applicability of the knowledge base, have been considered key points on the safely application of this energy source. As a consequence, this research was motivated by the use of the ontology concept as a tool to improve the knowledge management in a refinery, through the representation of a fuel gas sweetening plant, mixing many pieces of information associated with its normal operation mode. In terms of methodology, this research can be classified as an applied and descriptive research, where many pieces of information were analysed, classified and interpreted to create the ontology of a real plant. The DEA plant modeling was performed according to its process flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagrams, descriptive documents of its normal operation mode, and the list of all the alarms associated to the instruments, which were complemented by a non-structured interview with a specialist in that plant operation. The ontology was verified by comparing its descriptive diagrams with the original plant documents and discussing with other members of the researchers group. All the concepts applied in this research can be expanded to represent other plants in the same refinery or even in other kind of industry. An ontology can be considered a knowledge base that, because of its formal representation nature, can be applied as one of the elements to develop tools to navigate through the plant, simulate its behavior, diagnose faults, among other possibilities

Rigidez ou flexibilidade governamental? Discursos anti-corrupção e pró-eficiência sobre contratações com orçamento sigilogo

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciência Política, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, 2016.

A eficiência técnica dos portos e terminais públicos e privados brasileiros marítimos no período de 2010 a 2014

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.