What's in your Indian Takeaway?

Eating food prepared outside of the home has become the norm for adults on the island of Ireland. On 24% of eating or drinking occasions in the Republic of Ireland, food is cooked and prepared "out of the home". Bought-in cooked food makes up an average of 11% of a person’s energy intake in the United Kingdom. "Convenient" and "fast" cheap food has also become increasingly available to people. However, food prepared outside of the home has been found to contain considerably more dietary fat and less fibre and micronutrients than food prepared within the home. Traditionally, Indian diets are low in fat and high in fibre and rich in fruit and vegetables. However, these traditional meals have been adapted to suit Western palates and, as such, different ingredients in various quantities are added, potentially increasing their fat and salt content. Given the diversity of Indian takeaway dishes available on the island of Ireland, this survey has been designed to provide an insight into the energy (calorie), total fat, saturated fat, protein and salt content of the most popular starters, main courses and side dishes from various Indian takeaways and Indian restaurants with a takeaway service, as well as supermarkets or shop-bought equivalents. With two out of every three adults on the island of Ireland currently classified as overweight or obese, excess body weight is now one of the most important nutritional issues of our times. In addition to this, salt and fat intake is high and consumption of fruit, vegetables and fibre on the island of Ireland is low, increasing the risk of common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and certain cancers. The consumption of excess calories and nutrient-poor foods contributes to our current obesity epidemic.  

The Business Case for (and Against) Restaurant Tipping

Recent interest in replacing tipping with service charges or higher service-inclusive menu pricing prompted this review of empirical evidence on the advantages and disadvantages to restaurants of these different compensation systems. The evidence indicates that these different pricing systems affect the attraction and retention of service workers, the satisfaction of customers with service, the actual and perceived costs of eating out, and the costs of hiring employees and doing business. However, the author comes away from the data believing that the biggest reason for restaurateurs to replace tipping is that the practice takes revenue away from them in the form of lower prices and gives it to servers in the form of excessively high tip income. The biggest reason for restaurateurs to keep tipping is that it allows them to reduce menu prices, which increases demand. Thus, restaurateurs’ decisions to keep voluntary tipping or not should ultimately depend on the relative strengths of these benefits. The more that a restaurant’s servers are overpaid relative to the back of house and the wealthier and less price-sensitive a restaurant’s customers are, the more the owner of that restaurant should consider abandoning tipping. By this reasoning, many upscale, expensive restaurants (especially those in states with no or small tip credits) probably should replace tipping with one of its alternatives.

Does Tipping Help to Attract and Retain Better Service Workers?

A survey of several hundred restaurant servers in the United States found that servers’ attitudes toward working for tips and average tip sizes were weakly related (at best) to their service-orientation, intended job-tenure, and occupational-tenure. These findings suggest that tipping does not substantially help to attract and retain more service-oriented workers. Restaurateurs can eliminate tipping at their restaurants without fear that doing so will reduce the quality of their wait-staff.

Early Bird & Night Owl Evaluation Tool (EBNOET) v2015

The early bird and night owl restaurant tool found in the accompanying Excel file provides an estimate of the effects of offering off-peak special menu prices. Unlike the classic back-of-envelope calculation, the tool includes the effect of anticipated cannibalization of full-price covers and seeks to optimize table use. The tool also considers the revenue from new customers attracted by the early bird or night owl promotions, as well as the level of increased business needed to achieve the net monetary value target for the promotion.

Pooling Restaurant Reservations to Increase Service Efficiency

This paper examines whether restaurant reservations should be locked to specific tables at the time the reservation is made, or whether the reservations should be pooled and assigned to tables in real-time. In two motivating studies, we find that there is a lack of consensus in the restaurant industry on handling reservations. Contrary to what might be expected based on research that shows the benefits of resource pooling in other contexts, a survey of 425 restaurants indicated that over 80% lock reservations to tables. In two simulation studies, we determine that pooling reservations enables a 15-minute reduction in table turn times more than 15% of the time, which consequently increases service efficiency and enables a restaurant to serve more customers during peak periods. Pooling had the most consistent advantage with higher customer service levels, with larger restaurants, with customers who arrive late, and with larger variation in customer arrival time.

Cultura organizacional e qualidade dos serviços turísticos :um estudo no setor de restaurantes

The present study seeks to describe the features and peculiarities of the relationship between organizational culture and the quality of tourism services, specifically in the restaurant sector, attempting to contribute toward maintaining the tourism sector of the city of Natal/RN. Thus, a descriptive and correlational study, with qualitative and quantitative approaches, of thirty-seven restaurants that are located in areas that compose the tourism corridor of Natal was undertaken. To collect the quantitative dada, the Organizational Culture Evaluation instrument of Cameron and Quinn (2006) was applied and the SERVPERF instrument of Cronin and Taylor (1992) was used to measure the quality of the services. The results suggest that the Clan and Innovation Cultures are associated with better levels of quality of services than those of the Market and Hierarchy Cultures. The relationships that were identified in this study are consistent with results found in other studies and the information reported here can serve as a basis for managers of the restaurant sector to reach excellence in their services, satisfying their customers and contributing to maintaining the tourism sector

Avaliação da política de segurança alimentar implementada através dos restaurantes populares do Rio Grande do Norte

This survey has to general objective to evaluate the Food Safety Policy implemented by Restaurantes Populares do Rio Grande do Norte. The survey is qualitative of type exploratory and descriptive. The universe of survey is all Units of Food and Nutrition (UAN) of the Restaurantes Populares do Rio Grande do Norte. To collects of data were used two instruments: interview and form. The interviews were intended to analyze the four axes of the Food Safety: access, food quality, production and marketing of food and organizational arrangement. The form was used to check the quality of nutrition and sanitary-hygienic food served. We used two types of forms: a spreadsheet with the weekly menu and the portions served to verify that the meals serve the nutritional needs proposed by the program; and the check-list of ANVISA to verify the sanitary-hygienic conditions in each unit. Through the survey data and analyses made observe that the access category have some problems such as lack of registration, lack of advertising of Restaurants and wastage of public resources, making policy that should be of included in a policy of exclusion. In the nutritional aspect there is neglect on the daily nutritional goal, because it is not accomplished nutritional analysis of menu offered, the nutritionists do not know what should be the nutritional value of meals served; in the hygienic-health aspect trough the problems identified is concludes that there is no guarantee of food quality hygienic-sanitary, committing the program as a Food Safety Program. About the production and marketing of food is observed some problems as: the goal of sale of meals is not achieved in full, the purchase of genres does not stimulate the local economy, nor generates jobs and income, and inefficient performance of the MEIOS's supervision. In the analysis of organizational arrangement is concluded that the partnerships are beneficial, despite some negative points, therefore, are these partnerships the problems of non-compliance, as both the MEIOS and Nutriti of important criteria established in the partnership. Therefore, it is understood that the Programa Restaurantes Populares in its original formulation is proposed to be a food safety policy, but has some problems that impossible to meet its goal, making it unprofitable like Food Safety Policy

Longitudinal Incidence Study of Clinically-Relevant HPV and Vaccine-Type HPV in Young Online Female Daters

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Negotiating Community and Nation in Chợ Lớn: Nation-building, Community-building and Transnationalism in Everyday Life during the Republic of Việt Nam, 1955-1975

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Effet de l’environnement alimentaire bâti autour des écoles sur les comportements d’achat alimentaire des jeunes du secondaire

Le nombre de jeunes avec un surplus de poids est en hausse au Canada (Roberts, Shields, de Groh, Aziz et Gilbert, 2012). Les conséquences négatives de cette condition sont multiples pour le jeune, actuellement et pour son avenir. La recherche visant à comprendre les raisons de cette augmentation cible, entre autres, les environnements alimentaires dont le paysage scolaire. Des restaurants rapides et des dépanneurs sont dénombrés dans l’environnement alimentaire bâti en milieu scolaire (Lalonde et Robitaille, 2014). La présence et la concentration de commerces alimentaires dans le voisinage des écoles favorisent l’achat d’aliments et de boissons par les jeunes (He, Tucker, Gilliland, Irwin, Larsen, et Hess, 2012a; Robitaille, Paquette, Cutumisu, Lalonde, Cazale, Traoré et Camirand, 2015; Seliske, Pickett, Rosu et Janssen, 2013; Virtanen, Kivimäki, Ervasti, Oksanen, Pentti, Kouvonen, Halonen, Kivimäki, Vahtera, 2015). Pourtant, le lien causal entre le paysage alimentaire scolaire et les achats des jeunes n’est pas soutenu par la littérature scientifique actuelle. À Sherbrooke, un changement dans l’environnement alimentaire bâti est survenu en 2012 suite à l’implantation de commerces alimentaires en périphérie d’une école secondaire. Ce projet était une occasion exceptionnelle de valider si la modification naturelle de la densité alimentaire autour d’une école avait un effet sur les comportements d’achat des jeunes dans cet environnement. L’objectif de ce travail de maîtrise était de mesurer le lien entre les comportements d’achat des jeunes du secondaire dans l’environnement alimentaire bâti en milieu scolaire et la densité de certains commerces alimentaires circonscrite autour de leur école. L’hypothèse émise était que les jeunes dont l’école était entourée d’une densité plus élevée de commerces alimentaires étaient plus nombreux à acheter des aliments et des boissons dans ces commerces que les autres adolescents. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire auto-administré a été rempli en classe par des élèves de trois écoles secondaires sherbrookoises. Les données obtenues ont permis de documenter les comportements d’achat de près de 3 000 jeunes en 2013. Ces comportements d’achat ont été comparés à ceux collectés dans le Portrait des jeunes sherbrookois de 4 à 17 ans en matière d’alimentation et d’activité physique et sportive réalisé en 2008 (n = 3 867) (Morin et al., 2009a). Parallèlement, une cartographie des environnements alimentaires autour de chaque école participante à chaque temps a permis de décrire les densités alimentaires scolaires. Au regard de l’environnement alimentaire bâti en milieu scolaire, peu de liens existent entre la prévalence d’acheteurs le midi et la densité de restaurants rapides autour des écoles, selon nos résultats. Seul l’effet défavorable d’une très forte concentration en restaurants rapides (soit plus d’une douzaine) a émergé de nos résultats. De plus, aucune tendance n’a été décelée entre l’évolution du paysage alimentaire autour des écoles entre les deux temps et les changements dans les prévalences d’acheteurs. Ainsi, les efforts fournis pour diminuer la densité alimentaire en périphérie des écoles doivent être remis en question considérant le faible effet mesuré sur les comportements d’achat des jeunes dans notre étude. En ce qui trait aux comportements d’achat des jeunes, nos résultats ont montré que seule une faible proportion de jeunes était des consommateurs dans les environnements alimentaires scolaires. En effet, moins d’un jeune sur dix a acheté un aliment ou une boisson sur l’heure du midi dans un restaurant rapide dans la semaine sondée. Cette pratique ne semblait donc pas caractériser le régime alimentaire global des jeunes et ainsi, son influence réelle sur la hausse des taux d’obésité est incertaine (Macdiarmid, Wills, Masson, Craig, Bromley et McNeill, 2015). De plus, selon nos résultats, la prévalence des acheteurs au restaurant rapide durant une semaine typique a diminué entre les deux temps. D’un autre côté, la qualité nutritive des achats dans ces commerces durant une semaine s’était améliorée entre les deux temps. Cependant, les choix moins nutritifs étaient toujours achetés par plus de jeunes que les aliments et les boissons nutritifs. Les quantités achetées à chaque visite dans un restaurant rapide étant inconnues dans notre étude, il était difficile de statuer sur l’effet réel des achats sur les prévalences d’obésité. En conclusion, il demeure essentiel d’améliorer les habitudes alimentaires des jeunes, entre autres, dans les restaurants rapides lors d’une journée scolaire (Macdiarmid et al., 2015). Par conséquent, l’offre alimentaire dans l’environnement alimentaire bâti en milieu scolaire doit être bonifiée, par exemple en collaborant avec les commerçants alimentaires déjà établis. Il faut également maintenir les efforts déployés pour améliorer l’environnement alimentaire dans l’école et élaborer des stratégies pour que les jeunes mangent à la cafétéria de l’école.

Projeto café do trabalhador como promotor de segurança alimentar e nutricional: avaliação da eficácia da unidade Natal-RN

The evaluation of public policies that promote Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) it s a multidisciplinary activity extremely relevant to the effectiveness of actions to legitimize the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF). This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the unit project Natal-RN Café do Trabalhador in promoting SAN to its users. The theoretical framework is based on the public and political and on the dimensions of the concept of FSN (quantity and quality-regularity). Through a qualitative approach, methodologically this was the work of an evaluation of efficiency of the unit Natal-RN of Café do Trabalhador project in light of the assumptions of the concept of SAN. Data collection was conducted through retrospective archival research in official documents of the project, semi-structured interviews with managers involved in its implementation (representative of the Secretary of State for Employment, Housing and Care of RN SETHAS and third party), socioeconomic questionnaire applied to the users of the unit, check the amount, regularity and quality of meals offered for 15 days (menu routine) using the descriptive form menu and form filling type checklist for verification of compliance with good practices . Methods of analysis, we used content analysis, descriptive statistics and compared to previously established parameters for the project. As categories of analysis were defined organizational arrangement, access, user, food quantity-regularity and food quality. The results show that, it was found in the category arrangement that will implement the project dismissed technical criteria for choosing the districts and the quantitative distribution of meals for each location. It was found that the valuation of the shares of the company outsources technical SETHA has not been performed. We observed in the access category, the unit has a strategic location, but lack of space in the refectory. The main obstacle to economic access for users is the lack of a register for the beneficiaries. In the category of users, it was identified that the clientele of the project it is predominantly men, with more than 51 years, low education, earning wages less 1 obtained through informal employment, which they move up through the unit transport collective, go to all days of operation due primarily to price. About the meals category quantity-regularity of food showed that the menu serves 95% of the desired needs, and that holidays and weekends are periods of disrupting the regularity of supply of meals. Regarding the category of food quality, it was found that the nutritional aspect on the menu are food sources rich in sodium, nitrates and low in fiber. In the aspect of hygiene and sanitation are the main limitations related to waste management, lack of exposure controls of food prepared and inadequacies of the physical structure. The results showed that in general and the institutional arrangement of the organs attached to the project should establish a systematic evaluation project is to establish as a promoter of and FSN overcome these obstacles

L'influence du degré d’acculturation et de la durée de résidence sur le comportement de consommation des immigrants arabo-musulmans au Québec

L'immigrant arabo-musulman chargé, à Montréal, Québec, Sherbrooke ou ailleurs, de responsabilités revêt le plus souvent le costume occidental et sur son lieu de travail adopte les attitudes, les gestes, les façons de voir et de parler du système de vie nord-américain. Il mange dans les restaurants à midi et parle parfois de hockey et de la série télévisée "Lance et compte" avec ses collègues. Le soir, en famille, il revêt fréquemment l'habit traditionnel et quitte, avec le vêtement du jour, la langue française souvent liée au travail pour parler celle de sa culture d'origine. Il mange du couscous et des briks. On observe avec cet exemple un cas concret d acculturation. Cependant, les arrivants dans une nouvelle culture, les Arabo—Musulmans au Québec par exemple, ne sont pas tous caractérisés par des comportements biculturels, résultats d'un processus d'ajustement entre deux cultures, la culture québécoise d'une part, et la culture arabo—musulmane d'autre part. Ainsi, on peut observer des immigrants dont le comportement public et privé tire ses principes et ses valeurs de l'unique culture d'origine. Cela atteint parfois un niveau de "fanatisme culturel"; on parle dans ce cas de contre-acculturation. Ceux-ci refusent la dépendance et tentent de réaliser le retour aux sources dans la culture d'origine à travers la langue de communication, les fêtes traditionnelles, le style de consommation, les produits consommés, etc. Ce comportement en est un d'opposition à l'acculturation. Par exemple, certaines immigrantes ont manifesté leur refus à l’'occidentalisation par le port de tchador, voile opaque masquant le visage, signe de la femme musulmane recluse, réservée à l'égard de son époux propriétaire exclusif et jaloux. On peut observer par ailleurs des immigrants arabo-musulmans dont le comportement social et de consommation ressemble de très près et se confond même avec celui des Québécois. On parle dans ce cas d'assimilation. Ainsi, n'a-t-on pas vu un certain Mohamed qui après un certain temps au Québec a changé de nom pour devenir Mike, un jeune qui parle le français avec un bon accent québécois, un fanatique du baseball et du hockey. En décidant de rester au Québec, Mohamed a rompu tout attachement avec son pays d'origine. Comme un nord-américain typique, il va magasiner toutes les fins de semaine, accompagné de sa femme québécoise, à la conquête des spéciaux de la semaine et rentre chez-lui très content d'avoir fait de bons achats. Il vide alors une ou deux caisses de bière à la santé de la belle vie que lui offre le Québec. Le comportement de consommation de l’émigrant dépend de sa situation, qu'il soit contre-acculturé, acculturé ou assimilé. Cette position varie dans la nouvelle culture selon son niveau d’acculturation. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous proposons d'étudier le comportement de consommation de 107 immigrants arabo-musulmans au Québec.

The Janus-faced City: A Sensory History of the London Blitz 1940–1941

The city of London was, during the years of 1940–1941, a city under fire. The metropolis seemed to have two faces, like the Roman deity Janus: the face of the daylight hours, so normal, and yet so deceiving in its false quietness – and at nightfall, the city turned, and the face of it was the face of the devil himself, transforming London into a living inferno. This thesis examines the sensescapes of the Blitz, through the diaries and memoirs written of that time. The primary sources consist of seven different diaries, two autobiographies, and four research volumes that contain multiple diary- and memoire entries, mostly from the Mass Observation Archives and from the Imperial War Museum. The sensory approach is a new orientation in the field of history – it studies the five senses in their cultural contexts, interpreting the often subtle ways in which the senses affect into society, politics, culture, and class hierarchies, to name only but few. The subject of the sensory history of war is a theme widely unexamined: this thesis contributes to this frontier field by unveiling the sensorium of the London bombings, comparing the differences between the halves of nychtemeron, and examining how the Blitz was communicated by the writers as a lived, bodily experience. This study reveals the very different sensory worlds in which the Londoners lived, during a time that is often described with the mythical solidarity that was thought to exist between the people. The reality of the homeless, working class, and poor were in the foul smelling tubes, poor law -dated rations, and in the smoking ruins of East End – the contrast was massive reflecting it to the luxury hotels and restaurants of the upper classes, opportunities for evacuation, sheltering possibilities, and overall comforts of life.

A Stationless Bikeshare Proof of Concept for College Campuses

Bikeshares promote healthy lifestyles and sustainability among commuters, casual riders, and tourists. However, the central pillar of modern systems, the bike station, cannot be easily integrated into a compact college campus. Fixed stations lack the flexibility to meet the needs of college students who make quick, short-distance trips. Additionally, the necessary cost of implementing and maintaining each station prohibits increasing the number of stations for user convenience. Therefore, the team developed a stationless bikeshare based on a smartlock permanently attached to bicycles in the system. The smartlock system design incorporates several innovative approaches to provide usability, security, and reliability that overcome the limitations of a station centered design. A focus group discussion allowed the team to receive feedback on the early lock, system, and website designs, identify improvements and craft a pleasant user experience. The team designed a unique, two-step lock system that is intuitive to operate while mitigating user error. To ensure security, user access is limited through near field ii communications (NFC) technology connected to a mechatronic release system. The said system relied on a NFC module and a servo working through an Arduino microcontroller coded in the Arduino IDE. To track rentals and maintain the system, each bike is fitted with an XBee module to communicate with a scalable ZigBee mesh network. The network allows for bidirectional, real-time communication with a Meteor.js web application, which enables user and administrator functions through an intuitive user interface available on mobile and desktop. The development of an independent smartlock to replace bike stations is essential to meet the needs of the modern college student. With the goal of creating a bikeshare that better serves college students, Team BIKES has laid the framework for a system that is affordable, easily adaptable, and implementable on any university expressing an interest in bringing a bikeshare to its campus.

Audio games: investigation of the potential through prototype development

This article discusses the potential of audio games based on the evaluation of three projects: a story-driven audio role-playing game (RPG), an interactive audiobook with RPG elements, and a set of casual sound-based games. The potential is understood, both in popularity and playability terms. The first factor is connected to the degree of players’ interest, while the second one to the degree of their engagement in sound-based game worlds. Although presented projects are embedded within the landscape of past and contemporary audio games and gaming platforms, the authors reach into the near future, concluding with possible development directions for this non-visual interactive entertainment.