880 resultados para Best practices of transformation
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Actively warming patients during surgery is considered the best method of preventing inadvertent hypothermia due to multiple causes: anaesthetic depression of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre, cutaneous vasodilatation, reduction of heat production by skeletal muscles, cold intravenous fluid administration and heat loss from opened body cavities. To compare the effects of active peripheral skin warming and trunk warming on body temperature during surgery, 15 dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were studied using a prospective randomised trial design. Dogs were randomised into two groups: one group was warmed by compress leg pads (n=7) on limbs and the other group by a circulating warm water mattress (n=8), applied to the trunk. The rectal, oesophageal and room temperatures and relative humidity were measured. The results showed that the compress leg pads (active peripheral warming) were significantly (P
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A new questionnaire, the Maternal Mental State Input Inventory (MMSII) was created to measure mothers' preferences for introducing and elaborating on mental states in conversation with their young children. In two studies, the questionnaire was given to mothers of young children, and the children's theory of mind (ToM) development was assessed with standard tasks. In both studies, the questionnaire exhibited good internal reliability, and significant correlations emerged between mothers' self-reported preferences for elaborated, explanatory talk about the mental states and children's theory of mind performance. Further, mothers' conversational preferences, as measured by the MMSII, were the best predictors of children's theory of mind development when relevant control variables were included in the analyses. These results converge with naturalistic observational research that has demonstrated links between mothers' conversational styles and their children's theory of mind. They go further in suggesting that mothers' tendencies toward elaborated, explanatory talk about a range of mental states is particularly beneficial to children's theory of mind development. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Background and aims: Hip fracture is a devastating event in terms of outcome in the elderly, and the best predictor of hip fracture risk is hip bone density, usually measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, bone density can also be ascertained from computerized tomography (CT) scans, and mid-thigh scans are frequently employed to assess the muscle and fat composition of the lower limb. Therefore, we examined if it was possible to predict hip bone density using mid-femoral bone density. Methods: Subjects were 803 ambulatory white and black women and men, aged 70-79 years, participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Bone mineral content (BMC, g) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD, mg/cm(3)) of the mid-femur were obtained by CT, whereas BMC and areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm(2)) of the hip (femoral neck and trochanter) were derived from DXA. Results: In regression analyses stratified by race and sex, the coefficient of determination was low with mid-femoral BMC, explaining 6-27% of the variance in hip BMC, with a standard error of estimate (SEE) ranging from 16 to 22% of the mean. For mid-femur vBMD, the variance explained in hip aBMD was 2-17% with a SEE ranging from 15 to 18%. Adjusting aBMD to approximate volumetric density did not improve the relationships. In addition, the utility of fracture prediction was examined. Forty-eight subjects had one or more fractures (various sites) during a mean follow-up of 4.07 years. In logistic regression analysis, there was no association between mid-femoral vBMD and fracture (all fractures), whereas a 1 SD increase in hip BMD was associated with reduced odds for fracture of similar to60%. Conclusions: These results do not support the use of CT-derived mid-femoral vBMD or BMC to predict DXA-measured hip bone mineral status, irrespective of race or sex in older adults. Further, in contrast to femoral neck and trochanter BMD, mid-femur vBMD was not able to predict fracture (all fractures). (C) 2003, Editrice Kurtis.
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O presente trabalho utiliza a metodologia DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis ), para avaliar a efici??ncia das 22 Ag??ncias da Previd??ncia Social ??? Ger??ncia Executiva Fortaleza (APS-GEXFOR). DEA utiliza programa????o linear cujo n??cleo das estruturas anal??ticas ?? formado a partir do modelo original CCR (Charnes, Cooper, e Rhodes). Aplicada ??s DMU (Decision Making Units), define uma Fronteira de Efici??ncia identificando Unidades Eficientes e Ineficientes. Foi utilizado o modelo DEA-CCR implementado pelo software DEA Solver??. A Previd??ncia Social (INSS) disp??e de indicadores de desempenho. Algumas vari??veis utilizadas no modelo implementado derivam desses indicadores, outras informa????es foram disponibilizadas pelos sistemas de informa????o da institui????o. A avalia????o de efici??ncia DEA das APS-GEXFOR permitiu identificar as melhores pr??ticas, mensurar a participa????o de cada vari??vel envolvida na avalia????o da unidade e projetar as unidades ineficientes na fronteira de efici??ncia, identificando metas a serem atingidas para torn??-las eficientes no conjunto observado.
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O objetivo deste artigo ?? apresentar um modelo alternativo de an??lise da efici??ncia dos programas de p??s-gradua????o acad??micos em Administra????o, Contabilidade e Turismo, vinculados ??s institui????es de ensino superior p??blicas e privadas. O estudo tem como base te??rica a efici??ncia e a otimiza????o de recursos, tomando como refer??ncia a maximiza????o do retorno, sujeito ??s limita????es de recursos. Como modelo anal??tico foi utilizada a An??lise Envolt??ria de Dados (DEA), enquanto t??cnica n??o param??trica de an??lise da efici??ncia relativa. Os resultados apontaram que os programas de p??s-gradua????o foram mais eficientes em 2006, seguido por 2004 e 2005, respectivamente. Notou- se ainda que, em m??dia, os programas vinculados ??s institui????es privadas de ensino foram mais eficientes que os da rede p??blica no tri??nio 2004/2006. Os gestores desses programas podem utilizar a an??lise da efici??ncia relativa como estrat??gia de benchmarking, adotando as melhores pr??ticas observadas nos programas eficientes, visando ?? maximiza????o da efici??ncia em sua gest??o.
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No per??odo de 2004 a 2008, o Minist??rio da Sa??de, conveniado com institui????es de ensino superior, ofereceu aos servidores dos n??cleos estaduais da sa??de um curso de especializa????o sobre Planejamento Estrat??gico e Pol??ticas P??blicas com o objetivo de informar, esclarecer e discutir o Sistema ??nico de Sa??de (SUS). A pesquisa discute esse programa educacional enquanto estrat??gia de mudan??a de cultura organizacional no Sistema ??nico de Sa??de. Dois dos principais focos do programa educacional foram a compreens??o dos pressupostos filos??ficos do SUS pelos funcion??rios do Minist??rio da Sa??de e a transforma????o do conhecimento t??cito dos servidores em conhecimento sistematizado via elabora????o de monografias, na perspectiva da incorpora????o de uma nova vis??o sobre o SUS. Foi utilizada abordagem metodol??gica quali-quantitativa, com uso de question??rios, entrevistas e grupos focais com os 636 respondentes que participaram do curso. A an??lise dos resultados considerou a avalia????o que os servidores/alunos faziam do curso, suas expectativas, suas necessidades de reconhecimento do trabalho e de satisfa????o pessoal, e a monografia realizada. Os resultados indicam a ocorr??ncia de aprendizagem e sensibiliza????o para as mudan??as; no entanto, no n??vel individual fatores organizacionais como a participa????o, comunica????o, reconhecimento de compet??ncias e pr??ticas de Recursos Humanos foram mencionados como entraves para o aprendizado e modifica????o da cultura organizacional. Conclui-se que os processos de aprendizagem desenvolvidos pela organiza????o devem ser processos continuados e n??o estrat??gias de a????o pontuais.
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O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de identificar os determinantes dos honorrios e servios fora da rea de auditoria, bem como avaliar se a prestao destes servios conjuntamente com a auditoria das demonstraes financeiras afeta a independncia dos auditores externos das companhias abertas brasileiras negociadas na BM&FBovespa. A amostra contempla um total de 180 empresas no financeiras observadas no perodo de 2010 a 2012. Os resultados indicam que as proxies para esforo e risco elevam os honorrios de auditoria, enquanto a governana corporativa apresentou tanto o efeito demanda (elevam os honorrios) quanto o efeito risco (reduzem os honorrios) dependendo da proxy observada. No que tange a contratao de servios fora da rea de auditoria foi constatado que empresas com maior necessidade de monitoramento e com comits de auditoria demandam esses servios, embora o conselho fiscal iniba a contratao dos mesmos. Por fim, as evidncias indicam que a prestao de servios fora da rea de auditoria no afeta a independncia do auditor. Estes resultados so mantidos mesmo quando observada a probabilidade de ocorrncia da modificao no parecer da auditoria relacionada violao da premissa de continuidade da firma (Going Concern Opinion). Os testes adicionais realizados confirmam a manuteno da independncia do auditor, inclusive quando observado o tipo de auditor (no Big4), expectativa de ganhos futuros relacionados a servios fora da rea de auditoria adicionais, empresas consideradas ressalvveis, bem como o efeito de melhores prticas de governana corporativa.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o fazer estratgia no seio de uma empresa familiar a partir das prticas sociais que envolvem os seus gestores. As prticas sociais so concebidas como um fenmeno social, o qual nasce e se desenvolve da interao e do relacionamento entre indivduos em seu grupo social. Este grupo ou mundo social do indivduo encontra-se em um processo constante de transformaes em virtude da infinidade de interconexes sociais ali compartilhadas. J o fazer estratgia apresenta-se aqui sob a tica da estratgia como prtica social que contempla [...] como os praticantes de estratgia realmente agem e interagem [...] (WHITTINGTON, 1996, p. 731), ou seja, a confluncia entre as construes e prticas sociais cotidianas sobre seu fazer estratgia. A contemplao desses constructos tericos possibilitou a formao de um esquema conceitual que por intermdio de um estudo de caso favoreceu o entendimento de como as prticas sociais dos gestores se relacionam com o seu fazer estratgia na empresa familiar?. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se das tcnicas: pesquisa documental, observao no-participante e entrevista semiestruturada (TRIVIOS, 1987). Os dados foram tratados atravs da tcnica de Anlise de Contedo na abordagem temtica (BARDIN, 1977). Conclui-se com este estudo que as prticas sociais dos mais variados contextos nos quais os gestores da Empresa X se inserem, como o contexto familiar, interferem e se inter-relacionam diretamente no seu agir cotidiano e consequentemente no seu "fazer estratgia" a frente da empresa familiar, confirmando, estranhando e transformando a construo social dos sujeitos.
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Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a high commercial value; however, it has a short shelf-life because of its rapid pericarp browning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of 'Bengal' lychee fruits stored after treatment with hydrochloric acid and citric acid, associated with cassava starch and plastic packaging. Uniformly red pericarp fruits were submitted to treatments: 1-(immersion in citric acid 100 mM for 5 minutes + cassava starch 30 g L-1 for 5 minutes), 2-(immersion in hydrochloric acid 1 M for 2 minutes + starch cassava 30 g L-1 for 5 minutes), 3-(immersion in citric acid 100 mM for 5 minutes + polyvinyl chloride film (PVC, 14 m thick)) and 4-(immersion in hydrochloric acid 1 M for 2 minutes + PVC film). During 20 days, the fruits were evaluated for mass loss, pericarp color, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity, vitamin C of the pulp and pericarp and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase of the pericarp. The treatment with hydrochloric acid associated with PVC was the most effective in maintaining the red color of the pericarp for a period of 20 days and best preservation of the fruit. The cassava starch associated with citric acid, and hydrochloric acid did not reduce the mass loss and did not prevent the browning of lychee fruit pericarp.
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It is known the power of ideas is tremendous. But there are employees in many companies who have good ideas but not put them into practice. On the other hand, there are many others who have good ideas and are encouraged to contribute their ideas for innovation in the company. This study attempts to identify factors that contribute to success in managing ideas and consequent business innovation. The method used was the case study applied to two companies. During the investigation, factors considered essential for the success of an idea management program were identified, of which we highlight, among others, evidences the results, involvement of the top management, establishment of goals and objectives; recognition; dissemination of good results. Companies with these implemented systems, capture the best ideas from their collaborators and apply them internally. This study intends to contribute to business innovation in enterprises through creation and idea management, mainly through collecting the best ideas of their own employees. The results of this study can be used to help improving deployed suggestions systems, as well as, all managers who wish to implement suggestions systems/ideas management systems.
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RESUMO: Hoje em dia o software tornou-se num elemento til na vida das pessoas e das empresas. Existe cada vez mais a necessidade de utilizao de aplicaes de qualidade, com o objectivo das empresas se diferenciarem no mercado. As empresas produtoras de software procuram aumentar a qualidade nos seus processos de desenvolvimento, com o objectivo de garantir a qualidade do produto final. A dimenso e complexidade do software aumentam a probabilidade do aparecimento de no-conformidades nestes produtos, resultando da o interesse pela actividade de testes de software ao longo de todo o seu processo de concepo, desenvolvimento e manuteno. Muitos projectos de desenvolvimento de software so entregues com atraso por se verificar que na data prevista para a sua concluso no tm um desempenho satisfatrio ou por no serem confiveis, ou ainda por serem difceis de manter. Um bom planeamento das actividades de produo de software significa usualmente um aumento da eficincia de todo o processo produtivo, pois poder diminuir a quantidade de defeitos e os custos que decorrem da sua correco, aumentando a confiana na utilizao do software e a facilidade da sua operao e manuteno. Assim se reconhece a importncia da adopo de boas prticas no desenvolvimento do software. Para isso deve-se utilizar uma abordagem sistemtica e organizada com o intuito de produzir software de qualidade. Esta tese descreve os principais modelos de desenvolvimento de software, a importncia da engenharia dos requisitos, os processos de testes e principais validaes da qualidade de software e como algumas empresas utilizam estes princpios no seu dia-a-dia, com o intuito de produzir um produto final mais fivel. Descreve ainda alguns exemplos como complemento ao contexto da tese. ABSTRACT: Nowadays the software has become a useful element in people's lives and it is increasingly a need for the use of quality applications from companies in order to differentiate in the market. The producers of software increase quality in their development processes, in order to ensuring final product quality. The complexity and size of software, increases the probability of the emergence of non-conformities in these products, this reason increases of interest in the business of testing software throughout the process design, development and maintenance. Many software development projects are postpone because in the date for delivered its has not performed satisfactorily, not to be trusted, or because its harder to maintain. A good planning of software production activities, usually means an increase in the efficiency of all production process, because it can decrease the number of defects and the costs of its correction, increasing the reliability of software in use, and make it easy to operate and maintenance. In this manner, its recognized the importance of adopting best practices in software development. To produce quality software, a systematic and organized approach must be used. This thesis describes the main models of software development, the importance of requirements engineering, testing processes and key validation of software quality and how some companies use these principles daily, in order to produce a final product more reliable. It also describes some examples in addition to the context of this thesis.
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A study of health knowledge and practices of prostitutes is presented here. The study took place at the V. D. Center in Saigon, Vietnam. It was designed with the objective of obtaining information to be used in preparing an educational program to be offered to the prostitutes at the Center, and for using, in preparing educational materials with focus on V. D. prevention. The outline of a course is also presented.
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A Organizao Mundial de Sade estima que nos pases mais industrializados uma em cada trs pessoas sofra, por ano, de uma doena de origem alimentar. De acordo com os dados da Agncia Europeia para a Segurana Alimentar foram relatados pelos 27 Estados Membros da Unio Europeia, no ano 2012, um total de 5.363 surtos de origem alimentar, assistindo-se a uma prevalncia do setor da restaurao, como o local de maior ocorrncia dos surtos de doenas de origem alimentar. Para o mesmo ano, Portugal reportou 7 surtos de origem alimentar, envolvendo 135 pessoas com 42 hospitalizaes. Neste contexto, a aplicao de boas prticas de higiene, nomeadamente no setor da restaurao, essencial para proteger o consumidor das doenas de origem alimentar. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se identificar os constructos do modelo da Teoria do Comportamento Planeado (Theory of Planned Behaviour TPB, segundo a terminologia anglo-saxnica), de Icek Ajzen, que melhor explicam a inteno dos operadores de alimentos em adotarem os comportamentos de higiene, a saber: i) utilizao de luvas e touca de proteo de cabelos, e ii) remoo de adornos pessoais, durante a manipulao de alimentos. Para o efeito, foi aplicado um questionrio tendo por base a Teoria do Comportamento Planeado, a uma amostra de cento e vinte e trs operadores dos vrios refeitrios de uma universidade portuguesa, na sua grande maioria do sexo feminino (91,1%) e que manipulam alimentos numa base diria, recorrendo-se primeiramente a uma fase preliminar de estudo qualitativo, ou pr-inqurito, para melhor selecionar os temas essenciais e as principais categorias a considerar na construo deste inqurito. Os inquritos foram tratados estatisticamente recorrendo-se estatstica descritiva, anlise fatorial e avaliao da consistncia interna dos fatores resultantes, seguido da aplicao de regresso linear e metodologia de anlise de trajetrias (path modeling) com vista validao do TPB. Os resultados obtidos apontam para o fato de a Atitude ser o melhor preditor da Inteno em adotar os comportamentos em estudo. Verificou-se tambm que a motivao de cumprir resulta da presso exercida pelos superiores hierrquicos ou colegas, influenciando positivamente a inteno, na medida em que as crenas normativas assumiram-se como sendo o segundo preditor que melhor previu a inteno.
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It is proposed a new approach based on a methodology, assisted by a tool, to create new products in the automobile industry based on previous defined processes and experiences inspired on a set of best practices or principles: it is based on high-level models or specifications; it is component-based architecture centric; it is based on generative programming techniques. This approach follows in essence the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) philosophy with some specific characteristics. We propose a repository that keeps related information, such as models, applications, design information, generated artifacts and even information concerning the development process itself (e.g., generation steps, tests and integration milestones). Generically, this methodology receives the users' requirements to a new product (e.g., functional, non-functional, product specification) as its main inputs and produces a set of artifacts (e.g., design parts, process validation output) as its main output, that will be integrated in the engineer design tool (e.g. CAD system) facilitating the work.
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In order to study the impact of premature birth and low income on motherinfant interaction, four Portuguese samples were gathered: full-term, middle-class (n=99); premature, middle-class (n=63); full-term, low income (n=22); and premature, low income (n=21). Infants were filmed in a free play situation with their mothers, and the results were scored using the CARE Index. By means of multinomial regression analysis, social economic status (SES) was found to be the best predictor of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior within a set of medical and social factors. Contrary to the expectations of the cumulative risk perspective, two factors of risk (premature birth together with low SES) were as negative for motherinfant interaction as low SES solely. In this study, as previous studies have shown, maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were highly correlated, as was maternal control with infant compliance. Our results further indicate that, when maternal lack of responsiveness is high, the infant displays passive behavior, whereas when the maternal lack of responsiveness is medium, the infant displays difficult behavior. Indeed, our findings suggest that, in these cases, the link between types of maternal and infant interactive behavior is more dependent on the degree of maternal lack of responsiveness than it is on birth status or SES. The results will be discussed under a developmental and evolutionary reasoning
