Evaluation of One-Dimensional Seismic Site Response Analyses at Small to Large Strain Levels

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Política pública y fortalecimiento de las capacidades competitivas de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas costarricenses

Expone los factores críticos que afectan las capacidades competitivas de las Mipymes y se indican los retos y dificultades. Explica las políticas de apoyo institucional que el Estado costarricense ha implementado y analiza los factores institucionales que han incidido en la neutralidad de la política pública de apoyo a las Mipymes. Sugiere recomendaciones para diseñar una política pública que fortalezca las capacidades competitivas de la Mipymes eficientemente. Abstract This paper analyses the relation between the competitiveness of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) and the public policies framework. Specially, it explains the main policies that have been giving technical and financial support to SMEs in Costa Rica. Thus, institutions such as ministries have designed projects, programs and policies to solve internal and external requirements in term of technology, training, marketing, local infrastructure, credits, research and development, among others. However, small producers and manufactures criticize the labor and the efficiency of these institutions because they do not receive the all support that they need. Therefore, this paper suggests some recommendations to define a better policy framework to improve the competitiveness of SMEs in Costa Rica.

Optimizing last mile delivery using public transport with multiagent based control

The majority of research work carried out in the field of Operations-Research uses methods and algorithms to optimize the pick-up and delivery problem. Most studies aim to solve the vehicle routing problem, to accommodate optimum delivery orders, vehicles etc. This paper focuses on green logistics approach, where existing Public Transport infrastructure capability of a city is used for the delivery of small and medium sized packaged goods thus, helping improve the situation of urban congestion and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. It carried out a study to investigate the feasibility of the proposed multi-agent based simulation model, for efficiency of cost, time and energy consumption. Multimodal Dijkstra Shortest Path algorithm and Nested Monte Carlo Search have been employed for a two-phase algorithmic approach used for generation of time based cost matrix. The quality of the tour is dependent on the efficiency of the search algorithm implemented for plan generation and route planning. The results reveal a definite advantage of using Public Transportation over existing delivery approaches in terms of energy efficiency.

Factors that influence entrepreneurship activity by gender in the European Union

This research work aims to discuss the gender issue concerning entrepreneurship in European Union countries in a period of nine years, from 2007 to 2015, identifying the factors which drive individuals to be entrepreneurs. The study mainly concentrates on identifying and quantifying the personal, social, political and economic features which are motivating individuals, especially women, to be entrepreneurs, as well as the main difficulties they feel during the process of business creation. In order to explore the entrepreneurial activity across a set of developed countries the econometric methodology of panel data (in particular the fixed effects and random effects models) is applied to a data set of entrepreneurial statistical indicators calculated and made available by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The results show that the knowledge of other start-up entrepreneurs, a desired career choice, the governmental support and the existence of public policies that promote entrepreneurship (specially within the framework of small and medium sized firms) and the transfer of R&D are factors influencing negatively on the rate of female entrepreneurship. None of the observed variables are barriers for male entrepreneurs. The perceived capabilities and opportunities, the entrepreneurial intention, the policies to lower taxes and bureaucracy and the social and cultural norms are identified drives for women for engaging in a process of running their own ventures. These findings offer a set of valid knowledge to understand which measures could be implemented or should be changed and improved at a political and managerial level for stimulating entrepreneurship, especially for women.

MODELO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL FORTALECIMIENTO SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LAS MIPYMES EN COSTA RICA

Resumen El efecto de múltiples variables sobre el bienestar social y económico en las pequeñas y medianas empresas puede ser analizado tomando en cuenta las condiciones sistémicas en el modelo propuesto. Este artículo ofrece un marco teórico o modelo para comprender y explicar la relación entre las variables independientes tales como el crédito, mercados, empresariedad, entre otras, y la variable dependiente tal como los ingresos, la producción o el empleo. El propósito fundamental es organizar la mayoría de variables para determinar porqué los ingresos y el empleo no es sostenible par alas pequeñas y medianas empresas. Por lo tanto, factores sociales, económicos así como culturales e institucionales han sido incluidos en el análisis. El modelo desarrollado puede ayudar a mejorar el diseño de estrategias para lograr el éxito de las pequeñas y medianas empresas y el marco de política pública para el gobierno en Costa Rica.   Abstract The effect of multiples variables on the social and economic welfare in the Small and medium size enterprises can be analized taking in account systemic conditions in this model.This paper offers a theoretical framework or model to understand and explain the relationship between independent variables such as credit, markets, entrepreneurship, among others, and dependent variable such as incomes, production or employment rate. The main idea is organize the all variables to determine why the income or employment level is not sustainable for SMEs. Therefore, social and economic factors as well as cultural and institutional components have been included in this analysis. The developed model can help to improve design and management of competitiveness strategies for SMEs and policy framework for the government in Costa Rica.

EFECTOS DEL CRÉDITO EN EL BIENESTAR SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LOS MICROEMPRESARIOS Y LAS MICROEMPRESARIAS

Resumen Este artículo explora el efecto social y económico que causan las políticas de financiamiento orientadas hacia las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en el mercado local y regional en Costa Rica. El microcrédito ha sido una valiosa herramienta de desarrollos de las Mipymes en países desarrollados. La experiencia del FIDEICOMISO-IMAS-BANACIO es uno de los más importantes en Costa Rica para apoyar a los pequeños productores localizados en las regiones más vulnerables como el sur, atlántico y norte del país. Este modelo muestra los efectos cuantitativos y cualitativos del microcrédito sobre variables fundamentales como la producción, empleo, ingresos y habilidades humanas. La principal conclusión radica en afirmar que el microcrédito causa efectos positivos en las capacidades competitivas de las Mipymes así como beneficios sociales sobre las familias que han desarrollado microempresas en las regiones más pobres de Costa Rica.   Abstract This paper explores the social and economic effects of financing policies oriented at small and medium size enterprises in the local and regional market in Costa Rica. The microcredit has been and useful tool to develop SMEs in developing countries. The experience of the FIDEICOMISO-IMAS-BANACIO is one of the most important in Costa Rica to support small producers located in vulnerable regions such as South, Atlantic and North among others. This model show quantity and quality effects of the microcredit on essential variables like production, employment, incomes and human skills. The main conclusion claim that microcredit causes positive effects on the competitive skills of SMEs as well as social benefits on some families that have been developing enterprises in poor regions in Costa Rica.

Determinantes financeiros da estrutura de capital das PME industriais portuguesas ao longo dos ciclos económicos

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Empresarial. Faculdade de Economia, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Princípios de responsabilidade social : como vão as coisas nas pequenas e médias empresas do Portugal periférico?

O presente trabalho aborda a problemática da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial no âmbito das Pequenas e Médias Empresas, e corresponde à dissertação exigida para conclusão do Mestrado em Gestão da Universidade de Évora. Analisa-se o 'estado da arte' naquela matéria, verifica-se que o problema da responsabilidade social não é uma novidade das últimas décadas e apresenta-se o resultado da aplicação no Alentejo de um inquérito utilizado no Brasil pela Ethos-Sebrae para medir a consciencialização das PME relativamente às questões da Responsabilidade Social. Conclui-se pela necessidade de implementar acções de formação, sensibilização e assessoria, junto dos pequenos empresários, através de Instituições sem fins lucrativos. ABSTRACT: This work is focused on the subjects of small and medium size enterprises concerning the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and it is the required exposition for the conclusion of the Master’s degree in Management given by the University of Évora. lt contains the analysis of the "state of the art" in this subject, confirming that the problem of social responsibility is not a new concern in the last decades. Besides it presents the result of the application in Alentejo of an inquire used in Brazil by Ethos- Sebrae to measure the level of conscience of the small and medium size companies in what concerns to their social responsibility. lt comes to the conclusion it is required that non-profit institutions should implement workshops, actions of awareness and advisory directed to small enterprisers.

Estudo da viabilidade econômica em campos maduros

When it comes to oil and gas in Brazil is almost certain that we are referring to activities in deep waters off the coast of Campos, Rio de Janeiro, the main field of action of PETROBRAS and a small number of multinational oil companies . Since the Law 9.478/97 allows, by means of concessions, that other companies other than Petrobras, to explore and produce oil and gas domestically. Soon it moved, then the private companies that want small and medium-sized businesses to invest in such activities, forming a segment of independent producers, as occurs in other countries. In this context, this work aims at making an economic feasibility study, is currently analyzing how this thread and focus on the factors that contribute to its development as well as those that constitute barriers. To this end, we conducted a survey examining some mature fields that are in production in order to capture cost information in the phases of project, operation and abandonment. The work also presents an analysis of the results obtained in the survey, identifying the costs higher. With the results obtained through the study used economic engineering tools such as NPV and IRR, using a variety of design scenarios, to study the economic viability of these fields. In scenario 4 was set a production of 4.0 m³ / d of oil, which is an expected average production for several of these fields, whose minimum value of a barrel of oil, to enable this field, was $ 55.00, this value well below what was being practiced in the market today.

Photonic packaging: transforming silicon photonic integrated circuits into photonic devices

Dedicated multi-project wafer (MPW) runs for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) from Si foundries mean that researchers and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) can now afford to design and fabricate Si photonic chips. While these bare Si-PICs are adequate for testing new device and circuit designs on a probe-station, they cannot be developed into prototype devices, or tested outside of the laboratory, without first packaging them into a durable module. Photonic packaging of PICs is significantly more challenging, and currently orders of magnitude more expensive, than electronic packaging, because it calls for robust micron-level alignment of optical components, precise real-time temperature control, and often a high degree of vertical and horizontal electrical integration. Photonic packaging is perhaps the most significant bottleneck in the development of commercially relevant integrated photonic devices. This article describes how the key optical, electrical, and thermal requirements of Si-PIC packaging can be met, and what further progress is needed before industrial scale-up can be achieved.

Regionalism as trading blocks, a comparative analysis of the legal structure of the EC and NAFTA within the context of the WTO

Geography has almost become obsolete. The world’s goods and services can now be accessed instantaneously by electronic commerce. Small and medium sized countries have felt the cold winds of change blowing, and have adopted the “safety in numbers” philosophy. Regional organisations throughout the world have sprung up, with their original raison d'être the encouragement and development of regional trading blocks. Two of the most developed regional groupings are the EU/EC and NAFTA. These two organisations represent two quite different philosophies of regional trade groupings, with contrasting legal structures. The advent of Trade Globalisation, with the founding of the WTO has brought these two approaches into confrontation, as each side of the Atlantic Ocean tries to influence the development on the naissant WTO. This paper examines the two contrasting legal structures, and the conflict on an inter regional level that they are engendering.

Feeding habits of the velvet belly lanternshark Etmopterus spinax (Chondrichthyes : Etmopteridae) off the Algarve, southern Portugal

Etmopterus spinax is one of the most abundant predators of the upper continental slope off the Algarve (southern Portugal), where it is captured in large quantities in deep-water fisheries. The feeding habits of E. spinax off the Algarve were investigated through the analysis of stomach contents of 376 individuals. Prey composition was described and maturity, sex and size related variations in the diet analysed. The overall diet of E. spinax suggested a fairly generalized benthopelagic foraging behaviour primarily tuned to pelagic macroplankton/microneckton, teleost fish and cephalopods. Sex and maturity related differences in the diet were not significant. Two main ontogenic diet shifts were observed at about 17 and 28 cm total length. Small and medium sized immature sharks had a diet dominated by eurybathic crustaceans, chiefly Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Pasiphaea sivado. Larger individuals consumed more teleosts and cephalopods, in part associated with scavenging as a new feeding strategy. With increasing shark size the diet diversified both in terms of resources exploited and prey size.

Portuguese newspapers’ front-page and the coverage of European Cultural Capital: Porto 2001 and Guimarães 2012

Portugal hosted in the last thirteen years, two editions of the event European Cultural Capital; this paper intends to illustrate the coverage that Portuguese newspapers (daily newspapers Público, Diário de Notícias, Correio da Manhã and Jornal de Notícias, a weekly newsmagazine Visão and a weekly newspaper Expresso) made, through referrals in front-page and respective developments within the editions, to each of the events and that allows us to define the main moments that marked each of them, patterns of action, the major players, planning and programming types. The European Cultural Capital project elects, from year to year, cities of different EU member states with the main goal of “contributing to bring together the Europe´s people" (words of Mélina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture who, in 1985, proposed the launch of this initiative) and encouraging the elected urban space to present new cultural paradigms. In the genesis of this model is the cultural decentralization’s vector, a possibility to medium-sized cities of funding public works, restoring heritage and promoting themselves in touristic terms, of giving visibility to cities away from cultural and creative industries’ major distribution centers. A crucial factor to achieve this goal is media coverage. This paper outline the information that the Portuguese press ran over the two years that elapsed the latest editions of the European Cultural Capital in Portugal, namely that media coverage have deviated from the disclosure of the events’ schedule to suggest itineraries of visit and little or not even question the role that cities, promoting such initiatives, have as places of innovation in terms of cultural policies, artistic production and innovation, in urban and environmental regeneration, in economic revitalization, in training and creating new artists and new audiences and in boosting the confidence of local communities. The content analysis performed to articles shows how press is essential to the promotion of cities as cultural/touristic destinations as it stimulates consumption among residents and attracts visitors, with the possible dire consequence of turning the cultural journalist into an agent of touristic instead of cultural promotion.