1000 resultados para dieta da porção em duplicata
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Se revisan las características de la Dieta Mediterránea y sus componentes bioactivos, nutrientes y no nutrientes, y su papel en la salud.
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2016
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2016
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2016
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ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the efficiency of phytase in diets with low and high phytate phosphorus (PP) content, as a consequence of wheat bran inclusion, on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance, three hundred and eighty-four male Cobb500 broilers were housed in metabolic cages. Animals were assigned into four treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with eight replicates of 12 birds each. From 11 days of age birds received experimental diets, which consisted of: Diet low in PP; Diet low in PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1); Diet with a high PP and Diet with a high PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1). At 22 and 32 days of age two birds were slaughtered in order to collect gizzard, heart, liver, cecum, cloacal bursa, and at 32 days, a portion of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was collected for morphometric evaluation. From 22 to 32 days of age average feed intake, average weight gain, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, fixed effects of diet and phytase and interaction between factors as well as the random block effects were tested. There was no significant interaction for the variables studied, concluding that phytase in diets with low or high phytate phosphorus content did not change the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometrics and performance; only isolated effects were observed. RESUMO: Para avaliar a eficiência da fitase em dietas com baixo e alto teor de fósforo fítico (PP), em função da inclusão ou não do farelo de trigo, sobre o peso relativo de órgãos, morfometria intestinal e desempenho, foram alojados 384 frangos de corte, machos da linhagem Cobb500, em gaiolas metabólicas. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos em um arranjo fatorial 2x2 em delineamento de blocos casualizados com oito repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental (UE). A partir de 11 dias de idade as aves receberam as dietas experimentais, que consistiram em: Dieta com baixo teor de PP; Dieta com baixo teor de PP com fitase (500FTU kg-1); Dieta com alto teor de PP e Dieta com alto teor de PP com fitase (500FTU kg-1). Aos 22 e 32 dias de idade foram abatidas duas aves por UE para coletar a moela, coração, fígado, ceco, bolsa cloacal, e aos 32 dias foi coletada uma porção do duodeno, jejuno e íleo para avaliação da morfometria. No período de 22 a 32 dias de idade foram avaliados o consumo médio de ração, ganho de peso médio, peso médio corporal e a conversão alimentar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, onde foram testados os efeitos fixos de dieta e fitase e a interação entre os fatores, bem como o efeito aleatório de bloco. Não foi observada interação significativa para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, concluindo-se que a fitase em dietas com baixo ou alto de PP não altera o peso relativo dos órgãos, a morfometria intestinal e o desempenho, apenas efeitos isolados foram observados.
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La tesi ha avuto come obiettivo la valutazione dell’effetto dell’uso di fonti proteiche alternative (alghe ed insetti) nell’alimentazione del broiler sui parametri qualitativi ed il profilo ossidativo della carne di petto di pollo. A tale scopo, 1000 polli maschi ROSS 308 sono stati suddivisi in 8 gruppi sperimentali in funzione della percentuale di inclusione nel mangime di farina di microalghe ed insetti, e della presenza o meno dell’enzima chitinasi: controllo (dieta commerciale), controllo con enzima, dieta 1 (insetti 9%), dieta 2 (insetti 18%), dieta 3 (insetti 9% + chitinasi), dieta 4 (insetti 18% + chitinasi), dieta 5 (microalghe 3%), dieta 6 (microalghe 6%). Un totale di 120 petti di pollo (15/gruppo) sono stati destinati all’analisi del pH, colore, drip e cooking loss, sforzo di taglio, nonché del livello di ossidazione di grassi e proteine della carne. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come, a prescindere dal tipo di fonte proteica e dalla percentuale di inclusione, il pH della carne ha mostrato valori significativamente inferiori in tutti i gruppi trattati rispetto al controllo, senza però esercitare effetti negativi sulla qualità della carne. La capacità di ritenzione idrica (valutata tramite drip e cooking loss), lo sforzo di taglio e il livello di ossidazione dei lipidi e delle proteine non sono stati infatti influenzati negativamente dal trattamento dietetico. Tuttavia, il colore della carne è stato modificato dall’alimentazione, con particolare riferimento all’indice di giallo (b*) che è risultato significativamente superiore nei gruppi sperimentali alimentati con microalghe rispetto al controllo e a quelli alimentati con farina di insetti. Tale colorazione potrebbe essere gradita in quei mercati in cui vi è una consolidata abitudine a questa pigmentazione della carne. Ulteriori studi saranno effettuati per valutare l’effetto delle fonti proteiche alternative sulla qualità sensoriale e l’attitudine del consumatore verso il colore del prodotto.
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Posto che le attuali scelte di produzione e consumo legate alle diete a livello globale hanno evidenziato numerosi impatti ambientali negativi, l’obiettivo di questa tesi è, dopo aver illustrato quali sono le strategie nate e che stanno nascendo a livello di governance globale, internazionale, nazionale e locale per contrastare il problema, analizzare il possibile ruolo della figura del dietista nelle politiche e nelle strategie alimentari urbane.
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O vídeo foi produzido para o curso "Princípios para o cuidado domiciliar 2", unidade didática "Sondagem e nutrição enteral". Apresenta as orientações para o preparo da dieta artesanal para pacientes que necessitam de sondagem e nutrição enteral.
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Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Módulo 7, Unidade 3), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta algumas recomendações para a redução do sódio na dieta, como estratégia de prevenção da Doença Renal Crônica.
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Controle glicêmico do diabetes para melhoria da qualidade de vida. Contextualiza-se a importância da alimentação saudável e da pratica de atividade física. O plano de ação foi implementado na Unidade Básica de Saúde de Axixá - TO, com identificação de pacientes pertencentes a grupos de risco, dos diabéticos e pré-diabetes, para aos quais foram ministradas palestras com os profissionais de saúde (médico e enfermeiro), além de consultas de orientação e acompanhamento mensal da glicemia em jejum. Após seis meses de atuação, obteve-se um resultado significativo na redução da medicação necessária para o controle glicêmico e uma diminuição no surgimento de novos casos de diabetes.
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O aumento da incidência de síndrome metabólica representa um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes mellitus e a atenção primária tem fundamental importância na promoção e prevenção destes fatores a fim de promover saúde.
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CONTEXT: Intestinal constipation - a common symptom among the general population - is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to an improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during evacuation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by manometric data, the anal pressure variation at rest, during evacuation effort by using the Valsalva maneuver and forced post-expiratory apnea in subjects with secondary constipation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (19 females - 90.4%) with a mean age of 47.5 years old (23-72) were studied. The diagnosis was performed using anorectal manometry, with a catheter containing eight channels disposed at the axial axis, measuring the proximal (1) and distal (2) portions of the anal orifice. The elevation of the pressure values in relation to the resting with the evacuation effort was present in all patients. The Agachan score was used for clinical evaluation of constipation. The variables studied were: mean anal pressure of the anal orifice for 20 seconds at rest, the effort of evacuation using Valsalva maneuver and the effort of evacuation during apnea after forced expiration, as well as the area under the curve of the manometric tracing at moments Valsalva and apnea. RESULTS: The analysis of the mean values of the anal pressure variation at rest evidenced difference between proximal and distal channels (P = 0.007), independent of the moment and tendency to differ during moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.06). The mean of values of the area under the manometric tracing curve showed differences between moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.0008), either at the proximal portion or at the distal portion of the anal orifice. CONCLUSION: The effort of evacuation associated with postexpiratory apnea, when compared with the effort associated with the Valsalva maneuver, provides lower elevation of anal pressure at rest by the parameter area under the curve.
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Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by choreiform movements and cognitive impairment. Onset of symptoms is around 40 years of age and progression to death occurs in approximately 10 to 15 years from the time of disease onset. HD is associated with an unstable CAG repeat expansion at the 5' and of the IT15 gene. We have genotyped the CAG repeat in the IT15 gene in 44 Brazilian individuals (42 patients and 2 unaffected family members) belonging to 34 unrelated families thought to segregate HD. We found one expanded CAG allele in 32 individuals (76%) belonging to 25 unrelated families. In these HD patients, expanded alleles varied from 43 to 73 CAG units and normal alleles varied from 18 to 26 CAGs. A significant negative correlation between age at onset of symptoms and size of the expanded CAG allele was found (r=0.6; p=0.0001); however, the size of the expanded CAG repeat could explain only about 40% of the variability in age at onset (r2=0.4). In addition, we genotyped 25 unrelated control individuals (total of 50 alleles) and found normal CAG repeats varying from 16 to 33 units. The percentage of heterozigocity of the normal allele in the control population was 88%. In conclusion, our results showed that not all patients with the HD phenotype carried the expansion at the IT15 gene. Furthermore, molecular diagnosis was possible in all individuals, since no alleles of intermediate size were found. Therefore, molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis in HD should be sought in all suspected patients, making it possible for adequate genetic counseling.
Saphenous vein graft bypass in the treatment of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms: report of two cases
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Two cases of giant intracavernous aneurysms treated by high flow bypass with saphenous vein graft between the external carotid artery (ECA) and branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are presented. Very often these aneurysms are unclippable because they are fusiform or have a large neck. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is the treatment of choice in many cases. This procedure has however a high risk of brain infarction. Revascularization of the brain by extra-intracranial anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery (STA) and branches of the MCA is frequently performed. This procedure provides however a low flow bypass and brain infarction may occur. We report two cases of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms treated by high flow bypass and endovascular balloon occlusion of the ICA. Immediate high flow revascularization of MCA branches was achieved and the patients showed no ischemic events. Follow-up of 8 and 14 months after operation shows patency of the venous graft and no neurological deficits. Angiographic control examination showed complete aneurysm occlusion in both cases.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of androgens between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients with epilepsy. Adult male patients with epilepsy were investigated. Serum levels of testosterone (T) and free-T, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured and the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. While there were no differences between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients in the serum levels of T, free-T, and estradiol, or to the FAI, the serum levels of SHBG were significantly higher in hyposexual patients than in non-hyposexual patients. Thus, the effects of increased SHBG upon serum levels of testosterone biologically active in patients with epilepsy and hyposexuality were not detected by the methods used in this study. Four (44%) of nine hyposexual patients who were re-evaluated after two years follow-up improved sexual performance. Thus, clinical treatment that results in good seizure control may improve sexual performance in some patients with epilepsy.