Mobile technology, gender and development in Africa, India and Bangladesh

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Software Licensing: Implementing Electronic Licensing in Medical Technology Company

The purpose of this thesis is to examine software licensing, how a software developer can benefit from it and to define specifications for licensing system of software based medical technology product. The thesis has been divided into theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part the concept of software licensing and different aspects that are connected to it are examined with a help of research material. On the ground of this research, in the empirical part, a licensing system for a medical software product called iCentral is designed. The empirical part is based on interviews, questionnaire and on authors own experience gained while working for the case-company.The thesis has great practical importance for the case-company by proposing both an ideal, and more importantly, practical implementation for a licensing system of a product. Thesis shows that electronic licensing is a viable option to sell medical technology products without a need to revise existing procedures or the enterprise resource system in the case company.

Regional potential for collaborative implementation of small CHP plants in bioenergy technology

This thesis is a preliminary study targeting South-Eastern Finland. The objective was to find out the financial and functional readiness and willingness of the small and medium-sized enterprises of the region to manufacture and sell distributed bioenergy solutions collaboratively as a business network. In this case these solutions mean small-scale (0.5 - 3 MW) woodchips-operated combined heat and power (CHP) plants. South-Eastern Finland has suffered from a decline in the recent years, mostly due to the problems of the traditionally strong industrial know-how area of the region, the paper industry. Local small and medium-sized companies will have to find new ways to survive the toughening competition. A group of 40 companies from suitable industries were selected and financial and comparative analysis was performed on them. Additionally 19 managing directors of the companies were selected for an interview to find out their views on networking, its requirements, advantages and the general interest in it. The studied companies were found to be generally in fairly good financial condition and in that sense, fit for networking activities. The interviews revealed that the companies were capable of producing all the needed elements for the plants in question, and the managers appeared to be very interested in and have a positive attitude towards such business networks. Thus it can be said that the small and medium-sized companies of the region are capable of and interested in manufacturing small bio-CHP plants as a production network.

Choice of Business Process Modeling Methodology - Case Northern Dimension Research Centre (NORDI) in Lappeenranta University of Technology

The main outcome of the master thesis is innovative solution, which can support a choice of business process modeling methodology. Potential users of this tool are people with background in business process modeling and possibilities to collect required information about organization’s business processes. Master thesis states the importance of business process modeling in implementation of strategic goals of organization. It is made by revealing the place of the concept in Business Process Management (BPM) and its particular case Business Process Reengineering (BPR). In order to support the theoretical outcomes of the thesis a case study of Northern Dimension Research Centre (NORDI) in Lappeenranta University of Technology was conducted. On its example several solutions are shown: how to apply business process modeling methodologies in practice; in which way business process models can be useful for BPM and BPR initiatives; how to apply proposed innovative solution for a choice of business process modeling methodology.

Commercializing technology in transitional economies. Case: Nanotechnology in Russia

The aim of the study is to find out “What are the challenges to overcome for the successful nanotechnology commercialization in Russia?” Working closely with the case country was definitely an advantage when it comes to the understanding of the research subject. The thesis is divided to two parts: first part examines the concept of technology commercialization and identifies unique aspects of the process in context of nanotechnology. Second part is dedicated to an empirical research, investigating current status of nanotechnology commercialization in Russia. For the purpose of this study, Russian and international scientists, researchers, entrepreneurs, industry and government representatives were interviewed systematically during 2007 – 2009. Based on the research done it can be concluded that immense public funding provides necessary support for the development of Russian nanotechnology industry. However, investments alone do not address important structural shortcomings of a national innovation system, which in turn slow down the progress. Taking into consideration gap between science and business and challenging IPR legislation, expected significant economic impact in Russia may be overestimated. Nevertheless it should be noted that development of nanotechnology is advancing rapidly and therefore, the state of commercialization is changing accordingly, even while this lines are written.

IDEAS for Strategic Technology Management: Design of an electronically mediated scenario method

The age-old adage goes that nothing in this world lasts but change, and this generation has indeed seen changes that are unprecedented. Business managers do not have the luxury of going with the flow: they have to plan ahead, to think strategies that will meet the changing conditions, however stormy the weather seems to be. This demand raises the question of whether there is something a manager or planner can do to circumvent the eye of the storm in the future? Intuitively, one can either run on the risk of something happening without preparing, or one can try to prepare oneself. Preparing by planning for each eventuality and contingency would be impractical and prohibitively expensive, so one needs to develop foreknowledge, or foresight past the horizon of the present and the immediate future. The research mission in this study is to support strategic technology management by designing an effective and efficient scenario method to induce foresight to practicing managers. The design science framework guides this study in developing and evaluating the IDEAS method. The IDEAS method is an electronically mediated scenario method that is specifically designed to be an effective and accessible. The design is based on the state-of-the-art in scenario planning, and the product is a technology-based artifact to solve the foresight problem. This study demonstrates the utility, quality and efficacy of the artifact through a multi-method empirical evaluation study, first by experimental testing and secondly through two case studies. The construction of the artifact is rigorously documented as justification knowledge as well as the principles of form and function on the general level, and later through the description and evaluation of instantiations. This design contributes both to practice and foundation of the design. The IDEAS method contributes to the state-of-the-art in scenario planning by offering a light-weight and intuitive scenario method for resource constrained applications. Additionally, the study contributes to the foundations and methods of design by forging a clear design science framework which is followed rigorously. To summarize, the IDEAS method is offered for strategic technology management, with a confident belief that it will enable gaining foresight and aid the users to choose trajectories past the gales of creative destruction and off to a brighter future.

Modulaarinen kiinnitintekniikka alumiiniveneiden robottihitsauksessa

Tällä hetkellä hitsauksen automatisointiaste on hyvin pieni alumiinivenevalmistuksessa. Automatisointiasteen kasvattaminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää kilpailukyvyn säilyttämiseksi, sekä edelleen nostamiseksi. Automatisointiasteen kasvattamisen esteenä ei ole teknologian puute, vaan suunnitellut tuotteet soveltuvat huonosti robotisoituun hitsaukseen. Lisäksi liitettävien osien tarkkuus on monissa tapauksissa puutteellinen, joten robottihitsaus on monessa tapauksessa mahdotonta. Robottihitsauksessa vaaditaan osien hyvää paikoittamista ja siihen tarvitaan kiinnittimiä. Kuitenkin alumiinivenevalmistuksessa valmistusmäärät ovat sen verran pieniä, että tuotekohtaisia kiinnittimiä ei kannata hankkia tai valmistaa. Siksi kiinnittimiltä vaaditaan joustavuutta ja modulaarisuutta, jotta samalla kiinnittimellä voi hitsata useita vastaavia piirteitä omaavia tuotteita. Tässä työssä tutkittiin modulaarisia kiinnittimiä, edistyneitä kiinnitinsuunnitteluprosesseja, osavalmistustarkkuuksia, tuotemoduloinnin hyödyntämistä ja alumiinin robottihitsauksen erityispiirteitä. Työssä suunniteltiin ja simuloitiin modulaarinen hitsauskiinnitin, jota käytetään tietyn alumiinivenemallin erillisenä osakokoonpanona valmistettavan jäykisterakennekonseptin hitsaamiseen. Suunnittelu ja simulointi tehtiin Delmia V5R20 -ohjelmistolla. Jäykisterakenne on modulaarinen tuoterakenne, jossa käytetään itsepaikoittavia liitoksia helpottamaan osien asettelua ja yksinkertaistamaan kiinnitintä. Kiinnitin soveltuu joustavasti erikokoisten jäykisterakenneosakokoonpanojen valmistukseen. Lisäksi suunniteltua kiinnitintä verrattiin kaupalliseen modulaariseen Demmeler -kiinnitinjärjestelmään. Jäykisterakenteen osakokoonpanon hitsaaminen robotilla lyhentää valmistusaikaa verrattuna nykytilaan, kun osat voidaan asettaa kiinnittimeen nopeasti ja luotettavasti. Samalla jäykisterakenteen tekeminen erillisenä osakokoonpanona lyhentää veneen rungon loppukokoonpanoaikaa ja mahdollistaa hitsausrobotin käytön myös veneen muiden hitsien hitsaamisessa. Modulaarisilla hitsauskiinnittimillä saavutetaan alumiiniveneiden nykyisillä valmistusmäärillä skaalaetuja, joita tuotekohtaisella kiinnittimellä ei voi saavuttaa.

A practice perspective on organizational implementation of information technology

Implementering av ett informationssystem ur en organisatorisk synvinkel initieras av en idé om ett system och avslutas då användningen av det inte längre kräver en medveten ansträngning. Ifall tolkningen av implementering är denna, är det fråga om en långsam och komplicerad process, som berör organisationens alla parter. Ny informationsteknologi anses påverka flertalet arbetsprocesser och organiseringen av det dagliga arbetet. Möjligheterna att ta i bruk systemet och utnyttja det är många. I avhandlingen undersöks implementering av ett system för att administrera hemvårdsbesök där hemvårdare använde handdatorer för att registrera information om besökens längd och innehåll. I avhandlingen observeras vilka förändringar som sker i arbetets praxis p.g.a. det nya systemet och hur dessa förändringar påverkar vårdarbetet. Forskningen inleds med att strukturera teorier om arbetspraxis för kommande analys. Arbetspraxis är inarbetade och rutinmässiga arbetssätt i arbetets sociomateriella omgivning. Arbetspraxis i avhandlingen innebär hemvårdarens praxis och upplevd erfarenhet, där verksamheten informeras av gemensamma arbetssätt, projekt, identiteter och intressen. Organisationens auktoritet kommer även fram i den förverkligade arbetspraxisen. Forskningen genomfördes som en etnografisk longitudinell studie under åren 2001-2004. I studien observerades hur nyttjandet av handdatorerna framskred ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Hemvårdares arbete och verksamhet (arbetspraxis) observerades både under vårdsbesök och under pauser. Därtill intervjuades hemvårdarna för att erhålla en bättre förståelse för de rationaliteter som styr arbetet och hur systemet togs i bruk. Dokument relaterade till projektet att införa ett nytt system och administrativa dokument har utnyttjats som källmaterial. Analysen av källmaterialet styrdes av det teoretiska tillvägagångssättet att undersöka arbetspraxis. Problem som identifierades i samband med införandet av systemet och de förändringar som det medförde analyserades i detalj. Parallellt analyserades organisatorisk makt, kontroll och arbetsidentitet. Undersökningen beskriver hur det nya systemet gradvis anpassades till hemvården efter ett initialt motstånd. Under själva implementering av systemet ifrågasattes tidigare arbetspraxis och inställningen till den eftersom arbetspraxisens materiella omgivning förändrades. Det teoretiska tillvägagångssättet i att undersöka arbetspraxis framhäver vårdarens agerande i förändringsprocessen. Resultatet av forskningen visar vikten av realistiska målsättningar, givande av gruppstöd med återkoppling samt förmåga att anpassa sig till det oväntade vid införande av informationssystem.

Customer Driven Service Development – Technology-based Care and Services for the Elderly

The objective of this master’s thesis was to examine technology-based smart home devices and services. Topic was approached through basic theories, transaction cost theory and resource-based view in order to build basis for this thesis. Conceptual framework was discussed by means of networks, value networks and service systems which provide a useful framework for service development. The needs of the elderly living at home were discussed in order to find out which technology-based services could be used to satisfy the needs. Segmentation and need data collected previously during proactive home visits was exploited and additionally a survey targeted to experts and professionals of social and health care sector was done to verify the needs. Finally, the results of the survey were analyzed using quality function deployment method to figure out the most important and suitable service offerings for the elderly. As a conclusion of analysis, social media and monitoring services are the most useful technology-based services. However, traditional home services will still maintain their necessity too.

Alumiiniveneen rungon modulointi robottihitsauksen tehostamiseksi

Alumiiniveneiden valmistuksessa hitsauksen automatisointiaste on hyvin matala. Kilpailukyvyn säilyttämiseksi on tärkeää saada automatisointiastetta nostettua ja tätä kautta hitsauskustannuksia alennettua. Automatisoinnin esteenä ei ole teknologian puute, vaan ongelmana on alumiiniveneiden rakenteen huono soveltuvuus automatisoituun tuotantoon. Rakenteen kehittäminen modulaariseksi on yksi mahdollisuus tehostaa robottihitsausta venerunkojen valmistuksessa. Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin modulaarisuutta, modulointiin johtavia tekijöitä sekä modulaarisuudella mahdollisesti saavutettavia etuja valmistavassa teollisuudessa ja erityisesti robottihitsauksessa. Lisäksi käsiteltiin modulointiin läheisesti liittyvää valmistus- ja kokoonpanoystävällistä suunnittelua. Työssä tehtiin modulointiesimerkki huviveneen rungon robottihitsauksen tehostamiseksi. Veneen runko ja siihen suunniteltu jäykisterakennemoduuli mallinnettiin käyttäen SolidWorks-ohjelmistoa sekä Delmia V5-ohjelmistoon sisällytettyä Catia V5-suunnitteluympäristöä. Suunnitellun modulaarisen rakenteen hitsattavuutta ja hitsaukseen kuluvaa aikaa simuloitiin Delmia V5-ohjelmistolla. Modulaarisen rakenteen avulla robottihitsattavuutta on mahdollista tehostaa erityisesti rungon sisäisen jäykisterakenteen osalta. Kun tuotteesta on suurempi osa hitsattavissa robotin avulla, on myös robotisointi-investoinnit kannattavampia. Modulaarisuuden avulla voidaan päästä myös pienillä tuotantomäärillä sarjatuotannon etuihin, kun samaa moduulia voidaan käyttää vähäisillä muutoksilla useammassa eri venemallissa.

Experiences of Organising the Master of Science Programme in Packaging Technology

Organising the PT- programme for full-time working adult students is a challenging task as it is an international programme with both domestic and foreign students with different educational background. The purpose of this project work is to provide both student and lecturer feedback for improving Master Of Science Degree Programme in Packaging Technology to meet better the requirements of part-time studying. The objective of this work is in accordance with the Lappeenranta University of Technology’s strategy to improve continuously degree programmes and courses and to use student feedback in this development work of education. Matters, such as lecture schemes, distance material distribution, distance assignment handling, course assessments, and guidance of thesis work will be under scrutiny.

A cell spot microarray method for high-throughput biology

High-throughput screening of cellular effects of RNA interference (RNAi) libraries is now being increasingly applied to explore the role of genes in specific cell biological processes and disease states. However, the technology is still limited to specialty laboratories, due to the requirements for robotic infrastructure, access to expensive reagent libraries, expertise in high-throughput screening assay development, standardization, data analysis and applications. In the future, alternative screening platforms will be required to expand functional large-scale experiments to include more RNAi constructs, allow combinatorial loss-of-function analyses (e.g. genegene or gene-drug interaction), gain-of-function screens, multi-parametric phenotypic readouts or comparative analysis of many different cell types. Such comprehensive perturbation of gene networks in cells will require a major increase in the flexibility of the screening platforms, throughput and reduction of costs. As an alternative for the conventional multi-well based high-throughput screening -platforms, here the development of a novel cell spot microarray method for production of high density siRNA reverse transfection arrays is described. The cell spot microarray platform is distinguished from the majority of other transfection cell microarray techniques by the spatially confined array layout that allow highly parallel screening of large-scale RNAi reagent libraries with assays otherwise difficult or not applicable to high-throughput screening. This study depicts the development of the cell spot microarray method along with biological application examples of high-content immunofluorescence and phenotype based cancer cell biological analyses focusing on the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth, maintenance of genomic integrity in breast cancer cells, and functional analysis of integrin protein-protein interactions in situ.

Towards adoption of eLearning technologies at Lappeenranta University of Technology: Understanding Teachers‟ Adoption of Blackboard Learning System

The electronic learning has become crucial in higher education with increased usage of learning management systems as a key source of integration on distance learning. The objective of this study is to understand how university teachers are influenced to use and adopt web-based learning management systems. Blackboard, as one of the systems used internationally by various universities is applied as a case. Semi-structured interviews were made with professors and lecturers who are using Blackboard at Lappeenranta University of Technology. The data collected were categorized under constructs adapted from Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and interpretation and discussion were based on reviewed literature. The findings suggest that adoption of learning management systems by LUT teachers is highly influenced by perceived usefulness, facilitating conditions and gained experience. The findings also suggest that easiness of using the system and social influence appear as medium influence of adoption for teachers at LUT.

Hitsauksen tehostaminen robotisoinnin käyttöönotolla

Kansainvälisen kilpailun kiristyessä yritysten on tehostettava tuotantoaan kustannusten alentamiseksi. Eräs tehostamisen keino on tuotannon automatisointi. Tässä diplomityössä käsitellään hitsauksen tehostamista robottiaseman käyttöönotolla GaV Group Oy:ssä. Työn tarkoituksena on tuoda esille oleellisimmat uuden valmistusteknologian tehokkaaseen käyttöönottoon kuuluvat asiat. Teoriaosassa käsitellään robottisolun investoinnin jälkeisiä toimenpiteitä esivalmistelusta, käyttöönotosta ja tuotannon stabiloinnista. Pääpaino teoriaosuudessa on esivalmistelulla, jolla on suurin vaikutus uuden teknologian käyttöönotossa. Lisäksi teoriaosuudessa käydään läpi laadunvarmistuksen pääperiaatteet, turvallisuusnäkökulmat ja muutoksen mittareiden määrittäminen. Käytännön osiossa on esitelty robottisolun käyttöönotto kohdeyrityksessä. Työn alussa valittiin robotisoidusti hitsattavat kappaleet, parannettiin mahdollisuuksien mukaan konstruktioita paremmin robotisoituun hitsaukseen soveltuviksi ja rakennettiin niille hitsauskiinnittimet. Robotilla tuotteille etsittiin sopivat parametrit ja tehtiin hitsausohjelmat tämän työn puitteissa. Työssä esitellään myös tuotannon käynnistyminen laatuongelmineen ja tuotannon tunnusluvut. Hitsauksen lisäksi robottiin liitettiin esivalmistuksen laadun takaamiseksi hienosädeplasma, jolla aukotetaan robotilla hitsattavia tuotteita. Hienosädeplasmalla saadaan entistä tarkemmat ja railopinnoiltaan siistit reiät yhteille, joka on välttämätöntä robotisoidussa hitsauksessa.