Angelina Mu��iz: construcci��n de un ���yo��� fragmentado

En su condici��n de hija de exiliados espa��oles, Angelina Mu��iz Huberman emprender�� un largo y doloroso periplo desde su nacimiento hasta la edad adulta para consumar el proceso de construcci��n de s�� misma. Una lectura cruzada de Castillos en la tierra. Seudomemorias (1995) y Molinos sin viento (2001) nos muestra que, a trav��s de la memoria, propia o colectiva, Mu��iz intenta unir los pedazos para forjarse una identidad hecha de fragmentos.

Rastros del exilio e inspiraci��n autobiogr��fica en las historias de "Las confidentes" (1997) de Angelina Mu��iz

La vida y obra de Angelina Mu��iz-Huberman (1939) han sido fuertemente influenciadas por el exilio sufrido por sus padres. Por azares del destino, la escritora naci�� en Hy��res, Francia y enseguida la familia se instal�� en Par��s en espera del t��rmino de la guerra de Espa��a. Despu��s de la tr��gica muerte del hermano mayor y una vez Franco en el poder, se embarcan rumbo a Cuba, donde pasan tres a��os paradis��acos alejados de Espa��a, de la guerra y del resto del mundo. Finalmente en 1942, se trasladan a M��xico donde se establecen de forma definitiva. El libro Las confidentes (1997) contiene quince historias que van desarrollando algunos de estos puntos decisivos en la personalidad de la ���hispanomexicana���. En ocasiones los elementos autobiogr��ficos sobrepasan la personalidad de los protagonistas y en otras el exilio es el motor de la narraci��n.

Reflexiones y representaciones del exilio: de El canto del peregrino (1999) a "El sefard�� rom��ntico" (2005)

El exilio es un tema recurrente en la obra de Angelina Mu��iz-Huberman, miembro del llamado grupo hispanomexicano. La visi��n del exilio en su obra incluye no solo el exilio republicano sino tambi��n el del pueblo jud��o. Por eso, diferentes Di��sporas hist��ricas se superponen enriqueciendo el significado de la experiencia. En su ensayo El canto del peregrino: hacia una po��tica del exilio (1999) desarrolla sus pensamientos sobre el exilio y analiza numerosos trabajos de autores exiliados (jud��os y republicanos espa��oles) centr��ndose en como cada uno reflej�� la vivencia del exilio en su trabajo.En mi opini��n, las ideas desarrolladas en el ensayo se pueden encontrar en su novela El sefard�� rom��ntico: la azarosa vida de Mateo Alem��n II (2005). El t��tulo de la novela establece una conexi��n directa con la novela picaresca y la vida jud��a aludiendo al autor converso de Guzm��n de Alfarache (1599-1604). Siguiendo el patr��n establecido por la novela picaresca cl��sica, el protagonista de Mu��iz-Huberman viaja por Espa��a y Europa denunciando la intolerancia que llev�� a la Guerra Civil espa��ola y a la II Guerra Mundial. Las circunstancias lo llevan al exilio en M��xico, como en el caso de Mateo Alem��n. Seg��n la teor��a de Ulrich Wicks, p��caros y exiliados tienen mucho en com��n en su b��squeda continua de libertad, libertad que el exiliado puede encontrar solo en el idioma, como expone Mu��iz-Huberman en su ensayo.

Arquetipo y homofobia en el relato mexicano de tem��tica gay

En este trabajo se pretende analizar c��mo autores de diversas generaciones han contribuido al arraigo en el inconsciente colectivo, y en la misma literatura, a fijar valores y juicios predeterminados por los dogmas religiosos e ideolog��as de las instituciones gubernamentales. Para poder entender la evoluci��n de los patrones del arquetipo y la homofobia, el an��lisis se realizar�� tomando en cuenta el orden cronol��gico en que se suceden los relatos, que van de la Revoluci��n al t��rmino de la primera d��cada del nuevo siglo, es decir cien a��os. Tambi��n se analizar��n los tratamientos est��ticos y narrativos en los relatos.

Alegor��a: su pertinencia en la predicaci��n y uso en "La novena maravilla"

En este art��culo se focaliza el recurso de la alegor��a como m��todo exeg��tico en la composici��n de los sermones paneg��ricos de Juan Espinosa Medrano (Per��, siglo XVII). Se traza el recorrido de la alegor��a (y las humanidades en general) en relaci��n ���siempre tensa��� con el cristianismo a lo largo de su historia; y se llega a la Contrarreforma y el uso exacerbado del m��todo en la predicaci��n barroca; particularmente en la oratoria sagrada de Espinosa Medrano, quien abarca elementos diversos y extra��dos de distintas fuentes (filosof��a natural, mitolog��a cl��sica, tradici��n emblem��tica, relatos b��blicos), a los que hace funcionar como signos de otra verdad mayor, la sagrada. Si bien las preceptivas sagradas impulsaban una predicaci��n m��s llana y simple, la profusi��n de alegor��as mitol��gicas, que el autor resemantiza seg��n su inter��s de guiar la interpretaci��n, pueden explicarse por varias circunstancias, motivos de estudio en este trabajo.

Museums and youth: between misunderstanding and disappointment. Youth perceptions and arguments about the cultural consumption of museums in Chile

Young people are less explored in museum audience research; this is a paradoxical situation when considering its strategic location in the cultural reproduction and if considering the high performing cultural consumption compared with other sectors. The phenomenon of museums consumption by young Chileans who are self recognized as public and non-public museums is explored from a qualitative approach. It was conducted with focus groups in the three largest cities in Chile (Santiago, Valpara��so and Concepci��n). They identify the museum as a cultural institution in full force. However, in questioning museums activity youth reveal the specificity of their cultural matrix. This is referred to a social temporality based on the fragment, the discourse of familiarity, proximity and instead of breaking and critical. They claim a museum aesthetic / historical experience based on pleasure and enjoyment. An overview is proposed to further clarify the youth cultural consumption to characterize more precisely the place of the museum in the set, to design more effective policies museums.

"C��mo pintar el aire". Fundamentos cient��ficos de la perspectiva atmosf��rica

La perspectiva a��rea o atmosf��rica es juzgada por los pintores como parte esencial de la pintura, una vez establecidos los presupuestos geom��tricos de la representaci��n naturalista mediante la perspectiva lineal. Leonardo da Vinci fue el primer autor en definir la perspectiva a��rea o atmosf��rica, conocidos ya a trav��s de L. B. Alberti los fundamentos geom��tricos de la perspectiva lineal en el tratado De Pictura (1435). Doscientos a��os despu��s, tras la influyente publicaci��n del Optics de Newton, contextualizadas bajo el esp��ritu racionalista del siglo XVIII, el art��culo estudia las recomendaciones que desde la ciencia y los cient��ficos (espec��ficamente a trav��s de tres figuras relevantes: Brook Taylor, J. H. Lambert y Gaspard Monge) se dan a los pintores con la pretensi��n de arbitrar una medici��n exacta del color, en confrontaci��n con el tradicional empirismo del mundo art��stico. Este tema puede considerarse un cap��tulo de gran inter��s en la larga historia de la pintura y la representaci��n de los fen��menos atmosf��ricos, cuyos antecedentes te��ricos tienen su inicio en el D��bat sur le Coloris de la Acad��mie Fran��aise del siglo XVII y sus resultados, conducir��n hacia el nacimiento de la moderna Teor��a del color, en respuesta a una cuesti��n tan compleja sobre c��mo pintar el aire.

Creating replicas of scultural heritage through 3D reconstruction and low cost 3D printer in Education

The process of making replicas of heritage has traditionally been developed by public agencies, corporations and museums and is not commonly used in schools. Currently there are technologies that allow creating cheap replicas. The new 3D reconstruction software, based on photographs and low cost 3D printers allow to make replicas at a cost much lower than traditional. This article describes the process of creating replicas of the sculpture Goslar Warrior of artist Henry Moore, located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. To make this process, first, a digital model have been created using Autodesk Recap 360, Autodesk 123D Catch and Autodesk Meshmixer MarkerBot MakerWare applications. Physical replication, has been reproduced in polylactic acid (PLA) by MakerBot Replicator 2 3D printer. In addition, a cost analysis using, in one hand, the printer mentioned, and in the other hand, 3D printing services both online and local, is included. Finally, there has been a specific action with 141 students and 12 high school teachers, who filled a questionnary about the use of sculptural replicas in education.

Victorius vs Dionysius: the Irish Easter controversy of AD 689

Over the past few decades, the early medieval Easter controversy has increasingly been portrayed as a conflict between the ���Celtic��� and the ���Roman��� churches, limiting the geographical extent of this most vibrant debate to Britain and Ireland (with the exception of the disputes caused by Columbanus��� appearance on the Continent). Both are not the case. Before c.AD 800, there was no unanimity within the ���Roman��� cause. Two ���Roman��� Easter reckonings existed, which could not be reconciled, one invented by Victorius of Aquitaine in AD 457, the other being the Alexandrian system as translated into Latin by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525. The conflict between followers of Victorius and adherents of Dionysius occurred in Visigothic Spain first, reached Ireland in the second half of the 7th century, and finally dominated the intellectual debate in Francia in the 8th century. This article will focus on the Irish dimension of this controversy. It is argued that the southern Irish clergy introduced the Victorian reckoning in the AD 630s and strictly adhered to that system until the end of the 7th century. When Adomnan, the abbot of Iona, converted to Dionysius in the late AD 680s and convinced most of the northern Irish churches to follow his example, this caused considerable tension with southern Irish followers of Victorius, as is impressively witnessed by the computistical literature of the time, especially the texts produced in AD 689. From this literature, the issues debated at the time are reconstructed. This analysis has serious consequences for how we read Irish history towards the end of the 7th century; rather than bringing the formerly ���Celtic��� northern Irish clergy in line with southern Irish ���Roman��� practise, Adomnan added a new dimension to the conflict.

Estudio de factibilidad para la creaci��n de una Empresa Agroindustrial de ma��z y comercializaci��n de sus productos en la ciudad de Quito

Desde antes de la conquista el ma��z era el principal producto alimenticio del hombre y de los animales en los pueblos americanos, el 15 de noviembre de 1492 dos mensajeros de Col��n, al regresar de una exploraci��n a Cuba, declararon haber visto "una clase de grano, que llaman ma��z, de buen sabor cocinado, seco y en harina". El ma��z se fue encontrando luego sucesivamente en toda Am��rica, desde Chile hasta Canad��. Aunque los conquistadores no llegaron a darse cuenta de ello, este grano dorado nativo de Am��rica era de mayor importancia para el mundo que todo el oro y la plata de M��xico y el Per��. Actualmente no hay ning��n pa��s en el Am��rica Latina que no siembre ma��z. En las tierras bajas del tr��pico se pueden producir varias cosechas al a��o; en otras regiones se da una, por lo general. El ma��z constituye, con los frijoles, el alimento fundamental en los pa��ses americanos, en Estados Unidos lo llaman corn y se produce en escala gigantesca. Se estima que si la cosecha anual de dicho pa��s se colocara en camiones de tama��o corriente, formar��an una fila o procesi��n que dar��a la vuelta a la tierra cinco o seis veces. Las plantaciones de ma��z cubren m��s de la d��cima parte de las tierras laborales de los E.U.A., los principales pa��ses productores son: China, la U.R.S.S., Brasil, M��xico, Francia, Yugoslavia, Rumania, Italia, Rep. Sud��frica y Argentina. El ma��z pertenece a la familia de las gram��neas.

Cross-readings and ecoliteracy in children's pop-up books

The purpose of this text is to analyse two recently been published pop-up books aimed at children, by Anouck Boisrobert e Louis Rigaud, Popville (2009) and Dans la for��t du paresseux [Wake up, Sloth!, En el bosque del perezoso] (first published in 2009 and 2012, accompanied with texts by Joy Sorman and Sophie Strady, respectively). These books were published originally in France by H��lium Editions, but they can now be found in several western countries and in many languages (Catalan, French, Dutch, English, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, at least). The objective is to analyse their verbal text and their visual aspects produced by a sophisticated paper engineered to question how they achieve what seems to be one of their goals, the promotion of the readers' ecoliteracy (Orr, 1992) by his involvement in the reading process. This issue seems to be one of the main trends on children's literature in western societies nowadays, transcending the traditional and almost omnipresent role of scenario that nature plays in many children's narratives.

C��tedras extraordinarias. Semestre 2009-1

Folleto y programa descriptivo de las C��tedras Extraordinarias . Semestre 2009-1

C��tedras extraordinarias. Semestre 2009-2

Folleto y programa descriptivo de las C��tedras Extraordinarias . Semestre 2009-2

Populismo in Portogallo? Dall'Estrema Destra a Madeira

Dall'inizio della crisi economica del 2008 il populismo ha assunto una dimensione europea presentandosi in contesti fino ad allora considerati insospettabili come il Regno Unito. Questa diffusione non ha toccato per�� la Terra Lusitana. Lo scopo di questa tesi �� quello di riflettere sulle cause che determinano l'immunit�� al populismo del Portogallo. Dopo una rassegna generale con i principali contributi sull'argomento abbiamo individuato nella letteratura le variabili in grado di spiegare il successo e l'insuccesso dei fenomeni di populismo. Invece di applicarle direttamente al solo caso portoghese abbiamo preferito testarle su quattro nazioni europee caratterizzate dalla presenza del populismo e soggette ad una crisi economico-politica: Spagna, Francia, Italia, Grecia. Il risultato di questa comparazione ci ha portato a scartare tutte le variabili tranne quella della Leadership permettendoci di proporre l'ipotesi che il mancato successo populista in Portogallo derivi dall'assenza di imprenditori politici capaci di sfruttare la struttura di opportunit�� apertasi con la crisi economico-politica. Abbiamo testato questa nostra ipotesi andando ad analizzare due dei casi di populismo riscontrabili: Alberto Jo��o Jardim, governatore di Madeira, ed il Partido Nacional Renovador, partito ascrivibile alla destra radicale populista. Entrambi i casi da noi analizzati sembrano dimostrare la nostra teoria.

Trophic ecology of jumbo squid and predatory fishes in the Northern Humboldt Current System

This work provides a contribution to a better understanding of the trophic ecology of important predators in the Northern Humboldt Current System, the jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) by the characterization of the highly variable feeding patterns of these species at different spatiotemporal scales. We provided new knowledge on the comparative trophic behaviour of these species, defined as opportunistic in previous investigations. For that purpose we applied a variety of statistical methods to an extensive dataset of 27,188 non-empty stomachs. We defined the spatial organization of the forage fauna of these predators and documented changes in prey composition according to predators��� size and spatiotemporal features of environment. Our results highligh the key role played by the dissolved oxygen. We also deciphered an important paradox on the jumbo squid diet: why do they hardly forage on the huge anchovy (Engraulis ringens) biomass distributed of coastal Peru? We showed that the shallow oxygen minimum zone present off coastal Peru could hamper the co-occurrence of jumbo squids and anchovies. In addition, we proposed a conceptual model on jumbo squid trophic ecology including the ontogenetic cycle, oxygen and prey availability. Moreover we showed that the trophic behaviour of jack mackerel and chub mackerel is adapted to forage on more accessible species such as for example the squat lobster Pleurocondes monodon and Zoea larvae. Besides, both predators present a trophic overlap. But jack mackerel was not as oracious as chub mackerel, contradictorily to what was observed by others authors. Fish diet presented a high spatiotemporal variability, and the shelf break appeared as a strong biogeographical frontier. Diet composition of our fish predators was not necessarily a consistent indicator of changes in prey biomass. El Ni��o events had a weak effect on the stomach fullness and diet composition of chub mackerel and jack mackerel. Moreover, decadal changes in diet diversity challenged the classic paradigm of positive correlation between species richness and temperature. Finally, the global patterns that we described in this work, illustrated the opportunistic foraging behaviour, life strategies and the high degree of plasticity of these species. Such behaviour allows adaptation to changes in the environment.