Humanização hospitalar, ambiente físico e relações assistenciais :a percepção de arquitetos especialistas

The creation of the Humanization Program of Hospital Care and the increasing number of academic works and journal articles that discuss more humane practices in the health care services express the emphasis given to the theme in Brazil. In these discussions, however, it is not usual to find reference to architecture as a relevant factor in the humanization of hospitals, even though it is known that the physical structure of the building may help the recovering of the patients; elements such as gardens, the use of colors and open spaces may soften the impact caused by the hospital routine on patients. Considering the contribution the architectural project may bring to the humanization of hospitals, the aim of this study was to verify how the architects perceive the hospital humanization process. Besides having searched for subsides in informal interviews with health professionals, in visits to hospitals and in related seminars, the study was based on semi-structured interviews with architects of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, who are specialists in this kind of projects. The content analysis of the interviews showed that physical space and attendance are essential to the humanization process. Those professionals see two humanization tendencies: while private hospitals have the structural physical appearance considered as humanized, public hospitals emphasize the humanization in attendance, fact that illustrates the contradictions in Brazilian health system. The interviewees consider the post-occupancy evaluation of the building as a learning exercise that contributes to new projects, but surprisingly they do not mention the patients opinion as part of it. Two annoying facts have emerged from the interviews, as also seen in preliminary stages of the study: rare are the works that focus on the person-environment relationship, and the definition of humanized hospital environments is still broad and inaccurate. This suggests the need of new studies in order to better understand how the two factors shown in this study attendance and physical space interact towards a true hospital humanization

O bambu na arquitetura: desing de conexões estruturais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O desenho de expressão no processo de projetos em comunicação visual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Processo de desenvolvimento e coordenação de projetos na construção civil: um estudo multi-caso em empresas de Belém (PA)

Este trabalho faz uma reflexão sobre a coordenação de projetos na indústria da construção de edifícios, identifica as etapas do processo de projeto, aponta a participação da equipe de projeto, durante as atividades de coordenação, apresenta a atuação do coordenador de projetos e sistematiza os procedimentos de controle e retroalimentação. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, foram realizados estudos bibliográficos sobre a Gestão e Coordenação de Projetos, no desenvolvimento do processo de projeto na construção civil. Também foram feitos estudos de campo, envolvendo 10 empresas de construção civil na área urbana da cidade de Belém-PA, com atuação nos mercados de incorporação e/ou construção de obras privadas ou públicas, visando propor diretrizes da gestão de projetos, integrada ao processo de desenvolvimento e coordenação dos mesmos. Como resultado, vimos que 100% das empresas pesquisadas afirmou que o planejamento técnico do projeto é dividido por etapas, conforme apresentação de fluxogramas distintos. 77,77% das empresas em questão respondeu que realiza a coordenação de projetos através de reuniões com as equipes responsáveis. Também 100% das empresas aponta como funções do coordenador de projetos a compatibilização entre os projetos e a manutenção do fluxo de informações entre os projetistas. Em 88,88% das empresas, foi possível observar que a retroalimentação do projeto acontece através do controle por meio de check list e planilhas. Por fim, são desenvolvidas e apresentadas diretrizes para aplicação da coordenação de projeto, como forma de melhorar o desempenho do desenvolvimento do processo de projeto e a execução dos edifícios, com a valorização do projeto e conseqüente economia de recursos, tempo e dinheiro, evitando erros, desperdício e trabalho nos empreendimentos.

Novo Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde (CEES)

A proposta do novo projeto arquitetônico para o Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde pertencente à Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências – UNESP Campus de Marília, visa, de forma geral, atuar como um estabelecimento de apoio para a cidade de Marília e demais cidades da região nas questões relativas ao diagnóstico e à reabilitação física, mental, motora e fonoaudiológica, através dos estágios supervisionados dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional da instituição. Dessa forma, através de uma arquitetura humanizada voltada e pensada no ser humano, a unidade auxiliar contribui para a inclusão social dos indivíduos portadores de deficiência ou com restrição à mobilidade através do restabelecimento e/ou melhora de suas capacidades, desenvolvendo uma sociedade inclusiva e uma vida saudável, além de proporcionar um ambiente eficiente e fundamental no processo de ensino superior

O vazio da união das culturas nipo-brasileira: projeto no bairro da Liberdade-SP

The work aims at an architectural project in the neighborhood of Liberdade in Sao Paulo, from analysis of the spread of Japanese culture in Brazil. Within this theme, the paper focuses on the Japanese urban space and the search for an identity of the Japanese, besides the problems that the neighborhood has. The architectural design is justified by the need for spaces of rest, meetings and green areas, where people can get away a bit of pace that the neighborhood has. The source of this research is based on bibliographic references, reviews of other projects, investigating the experience of urban space and the richest source of contributions that were the memories of living in Japan for eight months. The expected result is the visualization of the project through sketches, experiments and artistic designs for the chosen location

Clínica de Hemodiálise em Presidente Prudente

As preocupações referentes a esse trabalho estão relacionadas à humanização de estabelecimentos assistenciais de saúde de unidades de diálise. Em função de processo de hemodiálise, a população portadora de Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) possui uma rotina de tratamento que a desgasta física e emocionalmente. A fim de proporcionar-lhes bemestar, tornam-se essenciais projetos arquitetônicos mais apropriados às necessidades de seus usuários. Por meio da leitura de bibliografia específica, além do diálogo com profissionais da saúde e também da análise de projetos representativos e concretizados de arquitetura hospitalar, este estudo empreende uma compreensão das motivações funcionais e clínicas das unidades de diálise, em conjunto com o entendimento dos processos de elaboração de ambientes mais favoráveis ao restabelecimento médico. Dessa maneira, o resultado dessas reflexões encaminha para diretrizes projetuais, e por fim a elaboração de um projeto arquitetônico para uma clínica de hemodiálise autônoma, na cidade de Presidente Prudente, que vise à contribuição para a recuperação do indivíduo com ambientes adequados, além das preocupações com a qualidade do serviço prestado

Exploração e análise das novas interfaces digitais relacionadas à representação gráfica na arquitetura

Este trabalho integra as pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo Grupo N.elac – IAU.USP, que tem como tema estudos sobre a representação da arquitetura e da cidade. Este artigo faz análise dos novos recursos tecnológicos direcionados para o desenho e projeto arquitetônico que emulam ou fazem uso do movimento gestual humano no ato de desenho e projeto. A pesquisa testa e avalia qualitativamente o uso das novas ferramentas digitais, tais como as tablets gráficas (ex:Apple Ipad), tablets opacas (ex: Wacom Bamboo) e canetas eletrônicas (ex: Wacom Inkling) na execução de desenhos livre e de observação, orientados por uma proposta de desenvolvimento gráfico relacionados ao ato de projeto arquitetônico, de maneira que se possa construir uma análise comparativa e interpretativa por meio dos produtos gerados nesse processo.

A representação gráfica na Revista Projeto & Design.

Esta pesquisa inicia-se pelo estudo das diferentes maneiras de representação de um projeto arquitetônico: desenhos analógicos e digitais, desenhos naturais e técnicos, desenhos auxiliados por computador, maquetes físicas e modelos digitais. Teve como objetivo analisar a representação gráfica utilizada nas publicações de obras arquitetônicas em mídias impressas especializadas, tendo sido selecionada a Revista Projeto & Design como estudo de caso. Com este estudo foi possível, por meio de bibliometria gráfica, verificar as contribuições das representações na compreensão e leitura dos projetos arquitetônicos, elencando-se e exemplificando-se as tipologias de imagens utilizadas nas últimas décadas, bem como relacionar os resultados com o momento histórico em que foram projetadas ou publicadas.

Valorização da participação da engenharia de produção no projeto simultâneo de empresa construtora-incorporadora.

A falta de integração entre áreas de conhecimento pode gerar efeitos negativos no processo de projeto em uma construtora-incorporadora. Em muitos casos, o projeto do produto é elaborado pela incorporadora sem qualquer participação da área responsável pela produção e de outras áreas da construtora. O trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre a gestão de projetos na construção de edifícios, valorizando a participação da engenharia de produção nessa fase, apoiando-se nos conceitos de Projeto Simultâneo, e propõe diretrizes para sua aplicação na construtora-incorporadora Cyrela, com enfoque na construtibilidade e manutenibilidade. Para desenvolver a pesquisa foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as características da gestão de projetos, da Engenharia de Produção na construção de edifícios, e sobre a Engenharia Simultânea no desenvolvimento de produtos com comparativo de modelos de indústrias seriadas para a construção civil, incluindo a interação entre os agentes do processo. Como resultados são apresentados: uma análise da interação entre os agentes do processo; a ligação entre pessoas, processos e tecnologia; os conceitos de construtibilidade, manutenibilidade e retroalimentação na interface com projetos. São igualmente feitas análises das tendências de modernização na gestão dos projetos por meio da modelagem da informação da construção e, apoiado em estudo de caso, são apresentadas as experiências do Projeto Simultâneo aplicadas na Cyrela. Por fim, são apresentadas as diretrizes para participação da Engenharia de Produção da Construtora e Incorporadora Cyrela no Projeto Simultâneo, sendo essa a principal contribuição do trabalho. Embora suas contribuições possam servir de referência para demais empresas do setor, essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida para aplicações práticas da Cyrela, construtora-incorporadora que atua na construção de edifícios em todas as regiões do Brasil.

Sobre formas e processos: projeto de um condomínio de casas a partir de princípios da gramática da forma

With the intention of studying and developing the design process based on a specific methodology, the object of this work is to present the design of a gated condominium community in Natal based on the application of principles of shape grammar, used in their design process. The shape grammar is a design method developed in the 1970s by George Stiny and James Gips. It is used for the analysis of the project as well as for its synthesis, with the goal of creating a "formal vocabulary" through mathematical and/or geometrical operations. Here, the methodology was used in the synthesis of the design process, through the relationship between formal subtractions and the houses’ architectural planning. As a result, five dwellings configurations were proposed, each one different from the other with respect to their shape and architectural programming, distributed in three twin groups, which are repeated until the final total of nine architectural volumes. In addition to studies of the condominium’s ventilation and the buildings’ shading simulations, studies of spatial flexibility and acoustic performance were also performed. The mapping of the design process, one of the specific objectives of the dissertation, was composed not only by the record of formal constraints (the preparation and application of rules), but also by physical, environmental, legal and sustainability aspects in relation to, on one hand, the optimization of the shading and passive ventilation for hot and humid climates, and, on the other hand, the modulation and rationalization of the construction.

Arquitetura bioclimática para instituição de ensino fundamental em São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN

In the design of a building process must consider climatic variations in the region, the external conditions and the use of available resources in nature, like the sun, vegetation, rain and winds, to provide a built environment with comfort and environment reduced energy expenditure. However, increasing urbanization, often with an occupancy of disordered ground comes disregarding this knowledge and disregarding local characteristics, drastically reducing the green areas. This disordered occupation associated with the reduction of green spaces, is modifying aspects of climate and thus, damaging the thermal comfort of users. Given this situation was born the question: What projetuais strategies can bring better thermal conditions to an educational building located in a region of hot and humid weather? Thus, faced with two important issues , education and environmental comfort , the research is justified by the fact that there is a large national demand for expansions and renovations in its public schools , but not in most areas provides students with quality for good learning development. This paper aims to draw up a project for establishment of Primary Education with the application of the concepts of bioclimatic, highlighting the use of vegetation as a regulatory element of the climate. Initially we carried out a literature search; we analyzed architectural solutions and set up the site. The next phases, called understanding, were raised with the laws, rules and environmental restrictions. Subsequently, the program needs and the development of architectural design was defined. The conclusion of this paper presents the definition of criteria and solutions for the use of vegetation to design of bioclimatic architecture in hot and humid climates and contributes a catalog of plant species for schools in the metropolitan region of Natal, RN.

Representações arquitetônicas na concepção projetual: um estudo com arquitetos e urbanistas do Rio Grande do Norte

The architect materializes his ideas using architectural representations that acts differently during the design process, as instrument that expresses his creatives ideas, as communication between the designer and the client, or as project documentation for its execution (DURAND, 2003). In this paper, it’s been discussed the connexion between the architectural representations and the design process, in a professional context, focusing on representation as an aid to conception. The general aim is to understand the role of architectural representations in the design process by identifying ways of appropriation of their types and resources. The investigation was developed through the theoretical and conceptual studies about the mentioned themes, and the empirical and qualitative research, with architects from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, which was developed in two stages: the first one, by filling an electronic form, and the second one, by case studies through execution of design exercises. The results of indirect research showed that the majority of architects and urbanists believes that the way it use the types and representation resources may interfere in design concept. And, after the completion of the case studies, was showed that, motivated by different design conditions, most designers has used the representations differently, which is reflected in different design conceptions.

Repercussão da integração de conteúdos das disciplinas nos trabalhos finais de graduação de CAU-UFRN (2003 a 2010)

The changes in the teaching of Architecture in Brazilian Universities, from the 1990s onwards, with the upgrading of the Architecture project as an object of research and scientific knowledge and more specifically, the adoption by the Architecture and Urbanism Course (CAU) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) of the principle of content integration of the disciplines, aroused the interest in research on issues related to the Design process and the teaching of design in this context. After 20 years of its implementation and recognized as being a major step forward in teaching the teaching/learning process, the integration is the central focus of this research, which will seek to identify changes in the teaching design and its refutation in projects developed by students at the end of their course. In general, it is understood that the need to integrate knowledge from diverse areas of Architect’s professional activity, who seeks through an exercise of summary, identify solutions to the issues involved in a project. On the assumption that the integration of content of disciplines fosters the teaching/learning of Architecture project, which can be evident in the Final Course Assignment (FCA), it becomes necessary to understand, in the light of theories of education, such as the principles of curriculum organization, such as interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and transversality are related to the term integration, is more understood and disseminated among the professors of the Architecture courses. The object of this study is consequently the relationship between the integration of subject content and Architecture projects developed by students from CAU-UFRN, in the context of Final Graduation projects (FCAs) completed in the period of duration of the Teaching Project A5-from 2003. The study has the main objective of investigating to what extent the integration of disciplinary content affects the development of the Final Assignment of UFRN, from the analysis of drawings and texts of the projects of the learners and the testimonies of teachers and undergraduate students. From a methodological point of view, the research “Architecture, Project and Knowledge Production: Academic Production – FCAs, Thesis and dissertations in PA/Brazil” carried out by the PROJETAR/UFRN team has been adopted as the basis for the construction of the analytical instruments. In order to identify aspects of their experience by various actors which were not recorded in FCA, electronic forms were applied between teachers and students, through the internet. The integration of subject content based Teaching Project of CAU-UFRN institutionalises the interdisciplinarity, organizing the curriculum by thematic semesters, in which the disciplines work the same focus and at the same site. The integrated work which derives from there tries to articulate the content of each discipline of the period and represents a general practice and has been evaluated by teachers and students, and considered as a facilitator of the teaching/learning process. The analysis of the data collected from the textual content and graphic of the sample of FCAs of CAU-UFRN suggests that the content of the various areas of knowledge are assimilated by the student and used as a resource for the design and development of Architecture projects. In other words, there is in the end product of the students record of the integration of content, whether in speech or in drawing, reaffirming the importance of the convergence of various knowledge in the Architectonic project. However, the integration of content from the point of view of their articulation and operationalization, which involves teachers and students in the same period, has as a condition sine qua non for the success of this educational principle, the provision of these to work as part of a team, for the dialogic practice, which creates areas of intersection not only between disciplines, but between the knowledge of each of the participants.

O registro de procedimentos metodológicos em projetos de intervenção arquitetônica no patrimônio edificado: o caso de Natal-RN

In the midst of growing preservationist awareness, regarding methods of architectural intervention of buildings with a recognized heritage value, there are numerous approaches on how the original heritage value can be protected. However, can these intervention projects be differentiated? Is it possible to identify how they differ (if in fact they do) from an architectural project not related to preservation? Although there are numerous theoretical studies regarding methods utilized in architectonical projects, there appear to be a lack of studies focused on an architectural intervention exclusively focused on areas or edifications that have a recognized heritage value, thereby requiring a reflection on which methodological procedures in an architectonical project serve the purpose of the preservation of the historical aspects. This discussion is of even greater importance because, at the national level, some recent discussions on this type of architectural design seem arbitrary and lack methodological rigor. Therefore, this research attempts to focus equally on the theoretical-methodological practices of preservation as well as the architectural project methods. In an attempt to address these aspects, the focus of this research centers on the case studies of the intervention projects of the maritime passenger terminal of Natal (Terminal Marítimo de Passageriros de Natal), the old government hall (Palacio do Governo - EDTAM) and the old central hotel (Hotel Central) which are situated in the area known as the historic downtown of the city of Natal, within the federal heritage protection polygon. The analyses of these is intended to identify what methodological procedures were recorded in the final product (in the graphical representation of the architectural design and other documents) delivered to IPHAN / RN, the body responsible for review and approval of these architectural projects, noting whether such procedures appear, in some way, in the final product, and if an understanding of the complexity of preservation is evident. The analyses of these projects corroborate the hypothesis that there are unique characteristics, which must be addressed in the intervention project for preservation when compared to new project design. The main characteristic to be addressed is related to the very nature of the project. It is inherent in the dialectical relationship between the need to preserve (the identified heritage values) and the need to modernize (making adaptations to contemporary life). This relationship, denominated in this dissertation as "radical restraint", must, or at least should, guide the actions in the project as well as the technical analyses of the preservationist organization. However, this radical restriction appears more evident in the guidelines put forth by legislators than in the decisions of designers. These legislators require the presentation of documents, aimed at identifying and contextualizing intervention (Ordinance No. 420 of December 22, 2010), that grant (or should grant) assistance in the decision making process. It was evident in the analyses of these documents that there existed a disconnect between the documents produced and the decisions made in the project. This fact can be seen in the total absence of dialogue about theoretical-methodological preservationist principles, which, in our view, is an essential element of the methodological procedures of the intervention project needed to guide the legislative and project design discussions.