1000 resultados para REF
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia do Ambiente pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
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The evolution of the electrical grid into a smart grid, allowing user production, storage and exchange of energy, remote control of appliances, and in general optimizations over how the energy is managed and consumed, is also an evolution into a complex Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system. With the goal of promoting an integrated and interoperable smart grid, a number of organizations all over the world started uncoordinated standardization activities, which caused the emergence of a large number of incompatible architectures and standards. There are now new standardization activities which have the goal of organizing existing standards and produce best practices to choose the right approach(es) to be employed in specific smart grid designs. This paper follows the lead of NIST and ETSI/CEN/CENELEC approaches in trying to provide taxonomy of existing solutions; our contribution reviews and relates current ICT state-of-the-art, with the objective of forecasting future trends based on the orientation of current efforts and on relationships between them. The resulting taxonomy provides guidelines for further studies of the architectures, and highlights how the standards in the last mile of the smart grid are converging to common solutions to improve ICT infrastructure interoperability.
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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Chemistry
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It is imperative to accept that failures can and will occur, even in meticulously designed distributed systems, and design proper measures to counter those failures. Passive replication minimises resource consumption by only activating redundant replicas in case of failures, as typically providing and applying state updates is less resource demanding than requesting execution. However, most existing solutions for passive fault tolerance are usually designed and configured at design time, explicitly and statically identifying the most critical components and their number of replicas, lacking the needed flexibility to handle the runtime dynamics of distributed component-based embedded systems. This paper proposes a cost-effective adaptive fault tolerance solution with a significant lower overhead compared to a strict active redundancy-based approach, achieving a high error coverage with the minimum amount of redundancy. The activation of passive replicas is coordinated through a feedback-based coordination model that reduces the complexity of the needed interactions among components until a new collective global service solution is determined, improving the overall maintainability and robustness of the system.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil - Perfil Estruturas
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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Informática
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Energia e Bioenergia
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química, especialidade de Química Orgânica, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Microbiologia Médica
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/42848/2008, através do Programa MIT_Portugal em Sistemas de Bioengenharia; projectos PTDC/SAUNEU/104415/2008 e Projecto ref. 96542 da Fundação Caloust Gulbenkian
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Linguística – especialização em Linguística Portuguesa
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente