Direitos humanos em sede de investigação criminal: contributo para o estudo da intervenção processual da defesa

Mestrado em Ciências Jurídicas Internacionais

Market expansion and the co-opetition of criminal organizations in Italy

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

A intervenção dos orgãos de polícia criminal em sede de julgamento

Currently, Portugal assumes itself as a democratic rule of substantive law State, sustained by a legal system seeking the right balance between the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms constitutional foreseen in Portugal’s Fundamental Law and criminal persecution. The architecture of the penal code lies with, roughly speaking, a accusatory basic structure, “deliberately attached to one of the most remarkable achievements of the civilizational democratic progress, and by obedience to the constitutional commandment”, in balance with the official investigation principle, valid both for the purpose of prosecution and trial. Regarding the principle of non self-incrimination - nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, briefly defined as the defendant’s right of not being obliged to contribute to the self-incrimination, it should be stressed that there isn’t an explicit consecration in the Portuguese Constitution, being commonly accepted in an implicit constitutional prediction and deriving from other constitutional rights and principles, first and foremost, the meaning and scope of the concept of democratic rule of Law State, embedded in the Fundamental Law, and in the guidelines of the constitutional principles of human person dignity, freedom of action and the presumption of innocence. In any case, about the (in) applicability of the principle of the prohibition of self-incrimination to the Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, and sharing an idea of Guedes Valente, the truth is that the exercise of criminal action must tread a transparent path and non-compliant with methods to obtain evidence that violate the law, the public order or in violation of democratic principles and loyalty (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 484). Within the framework of the penal process relating to the trial, which is assumed as the true phase of the process, the witness represents a relevant figure for the administration of criminal justice, for the testimonial proof is, in the idea of Othmar Jauernig, the worst proof of evidence, but also being the most frequent (Jauernig, 1998, p. 289). As coadjutant of the Public Prosecutor and, in specific cases, the investigating judge, the Criminal Police Bodies are invested with high responsibility, being "the arms and eyes of Judicial Authorities in pursuing the criminal investigation..." which has as ultimate goal the fulfillment of the Law pursuing the defense of society" (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 485). It is in this context and as a witness that, throughout operational career, the Criminal Police Bodies are required to be at the trial hearing and clarify the Court with its view about the facts relating to occurrences of criminal context, thus contributing very significantly and, in some cases, decisively for the proper administration of the portuguese criminal justice. With regards to the intervention of Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, it’s important that they pay attention to a set of standards concerning the preparation of the testimony, the very provision of the testimony and, also, to its conclusion. Be emphasized that these guidelines may become crucial for the quality of the police testimony at the trial hearing, thus leading to an improvement of the enforcement of justice system. In this vein, while preparing the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies must present itself in court with proper clothing, to read before and carefully the case files, to debate the facts being judged with other Criminal Police Bodies and prepare potential questions. Later, while giving his testimony during the trial, the Criminal Police Bodies must, summing up, to take the oath in a convincing manner, to feel comfortable, to start well by convincingly answering the first question, keep an attitude of serenity, to adopt an attitude of collaboration, to avoid the reading of documents, to demonstrate deference and seriousness before the judicial operators, to use simple and objective language, to adopt a fluent speech, to use nonverbal language correctly, to avoid spontaneity responding only to what is asked, to report only the truth, to avoid hesitations and contradictions, to be impartial and to maintain eye contact with the judge. Finally, at the conclusion of the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies should rise in a smooth manner, avoiding to show relief, resentment or satisfaction, leaving a credible and professional image and, without much formality, requesting the judge permission to leave the courtroom. As final note, it’s important to stress that "The intervention of the Police Criminal Bodies in the trial hearing in Court” encloses itself on a theme of crucial importance not only for members of the Police and Security Forces, who must welcome this subject with the utmost seriousness and professionalism, but also for the proper administration of the criminal justice system in Portugal.

A GNR e a cooperação entre órgãos da polícia criminal na sociedade do risco. Estudo de caso:

Cooperation between police forces is a topic that is increasingly relevant. The emergence of new threats, as well as looking for new ways to fight crime, require from the, careful monitoring and strict sharing of all relevant information. This Work is entitled “The GNR and cooperation between Criminal Police Bodies in the Risk Society. Case Study: District of Lisbon” and aims to study the cooperation and coordination between police forces in Lisbon district, and verify if there is an parallel between the rule of law and the police procedures. The work is organized in four chapters. The first consists in a theoretical framework to perceive the context and objectives of this work. The second addresses the role of the, the different types of cooperation and instruments that promote cooperation between them. The third presents and analyzes the results. Finally, the fourth and last chapter the conclusions are woven answered the questions derived and starting question, tested hypotheses, and those limitations and future recommendations. In conclusion, the District of Lisbon, there is cooperation, materialized in a constant exchange of information, based on personal and informal relationship between the elements of the various Police Forces.

O corpo da Guarda prisional como Órgão de Polícia Criminal e a sua importância na Segurança Interna

The study now presented a research study aimed at the exercise of security activity of the prison guard corps (CGP) in the specific context of the prison system (SP). The study also focused on the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the current panorama of world crime and their relationship with the prison security object of study was the security activity of the CGP on the current inmate population, as well as the typology of crimes inherent to it and that requires the interpretation of the amendment to the correctional paradigm. In the preparation of the study we have tried to identify the legal framework of the profession based on the main laws and decree-laws governing the institution DGRSP and CGP's career. The difficulties and constraints were analyzed the performance of the security function of the CGP, resulting from the infrastructure, the interaction with the inmates and the need of assigning the status of Criminal Police (OPC). Really connected the relevant importance of OPC so the Corporation can establish a cooperation interaction and sharing of information with different security forces. We noted the importance of the CGP being OPC status before the framework for its action in work situations, specifically, on gatehouses, prison wings, area, and high-complexity operations such as escorts and riot control interventions.The explanation of this study enabled us to assess the importance of the actions of a police officer of the elements of the CGP for maintaining internal security. The analyses and studies were complemented by twenty years of career and exercise of the activity of the master's degree, during which time he served as guard and head of the CGP, the intervention Group and Prison Security, the Lisbon Prison, Prison, Prison of Caxias, Sintra and Monsanto.

O serviço fiscal aduaneiro criminal e contraordenacional da GNR

At a time of global economic instability, to which Portugal is not oblivious, and aware that the main source of Portuguese State revenue relies on the collection of tribute, the National Republican Guard holds within its mission relevant assignments to the protection of the financial interests of the country, in particular, fiscal and customs. These assignments were inherited from the century - old institution Guarda Fiscal - with evidence given in this domain, which was integrated into the National Republican Guard in 1993, to adopt, a 1St model, that held a specialized unit – Brigada Fiscal, with surveillance and patrolling missions of costa and fiscal and customs supervision, throughout the national territory and maritime zone of respect. In 2009, the result of political decisions, reorganization the State's central administration, appears de 2Nd model, because the Brigada Fiscal assignments were divided by two specialized units - UAF with investigation skills, and UCC for patrolling and surveillance of the coast. Analyzed the legal spectrum of special legislation leading the criminal and transgression sector punitive (RGIT), in essence, is in the UAF that resides the role assignments from the scope of the investigation and supervision of goods in the national territory on a par with the tax authority. Tax inspection assignments, fiscal and customs of the National Republican Guard, are unmatched in the National Tribute System, constituting itself as a potentiality of this special body, in similarity of their counterparts - Spain and Italy; however, have some constraints, that urge to clarify and repair. Foreseeing the future, face the announced news of a new restructuring, on behalf of the interests of the country, and in order to raise the quality of performance of the tax inspection, fiscal and customs, the National Republican Guard shall maintain a model based on the experience already accumulated, obviously adapted to the new demands of a changing society. Despite the current model gain in efficiency, loses in effectiveness. However, the efficiency of a model, without the necessary resources, can never bring “the letter to Garcia” against any kind of infringements, criminal or transgressions. Unless better opinion, both tax structures of the National Republican Guard are valid as an instrument for the prevention and combat of these illegal types. Because they are strategic in pursuing the public interest, given the scarce resources of the country and be the National Republican Guard, the force with the means and know-how of this nature. The political power has the final word.

A medida socioeducativa de trabalho comunitário nos jovens delinquentes na perspectiva da dissuasão da reincidência criminal

Dissertação de mestrado em Administração da Justiça

Vitimação urbana: prevalências, fatores de risco, experiências adversas e denúncia criminal

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Aplicada

Recursos para la alfabetización mediática: investigación y propuestas para niños

Mucho se ha investigado sobre la educación en medios, su importancia y objetivos. Más allá de las Directivas, resoluciones o recomendaciones, la investigación en esta área ha permitido profundizar y solidificar sus fundamentos, al tiempo que ha facilitado el reconocimiento de sus puntos más débiles u omisiones. Uno de los puntos críticos destacados por la formación y por el trabajo de investigación que se ha desarrollado en la Universidad de Miño (Portugal) durante los últimos 20 años, es la inexistencia de recursos y materiales que puedan utilizarse para la promoción de la educación en los medios de comunicación en diferentes contextos. De esta forma, independientemente de los recursos y materiales, se genera la importancia de la transferencia de conocimientos a la práctica, la trascendencia de la mediación del conocimiento producido a su público. Esta preocupación fue la base principal del proyecto titulado «Recursos para la alfabetización mediática» llevado a cabo en el Centro de Estudios de Comunicación y Sociedad y financiado por Evens Foundation (Bélgica). Este trabajo presenta sucintamente los procesos de creación y los resultados generados por estos recursos, centrados en tres medios: televisión, videojuegos e Internet y redes sociales.

DNA evidence collecting in criminal investigation: Portuguese and Thai legal approaches

Doctoral Thesis in Juridical Sciences (Specialty in Public Legal Sciences)

¿Hacia la Interculturalidad? Una investigación en estudiantes de comunidades originarias, sus trayectorias académicas e identidades

El presente proyecto se desarrolló en tres universidades argentinas, una chilena y una portuguesa. En las universidades latinoamericanas asisten sujetos de distintas etnias (huarpes, aymarás, wichi, mapuches). Fueron objetivos de la investigación: a) identificar las motivaciones del ingreso a la Universidad y la evolución de sus expectativas (de futuro, de trabajo); b) conocer las representaciones que tienen del valor de la educación como vía de progreso; c) conocer las estrategias institucionales (curriculares, de convivencia, de servicios) para integrarlos y retenerlos. Los hallazgos muestran la baja efectividad de los programas implementados, con altos índices de fracaso y abandono.

Investigación, domesticación y educación para el uso sustentable y conservación de la flora nativa del centro de Argentina

Los bosques nativos del Centro Argentino disminuyen rápidamente debido a talas, incendios y expansión agrícola y urbana. Se pierden especies vegetales, entre ellas muchas con valor de uso tradicional o potencial. Se plantea como objetivo global, continuar y profundizar las actividades iniciadas en el Jardín Botánico Gaspar Xuárez sj (JBGXsj), con respecto a conservar, recuperar y domesticar recursos fitogenéticos autóctonos para el uso sustentable, a través de la investigación y la educación. Los sitios naturales en áreas urbanas son valiosos espacios educativos donde muchos ciudadanos toman contacto directo con la naturaleza; tienen un potencial interesante en la formación de líderes ambientales. Se dará continuidad al programa de conservación y enriquecimiento del remanente de Espinal del JBGXsj, valorado como aula verde y como parte integrante del Banco de Germoplasma del JBGXsj. Esta forma de conservación, in situ, permite mantener especies, interacciones y arreglos espaciales típicos. A su vez se conservará ex situ en el Banco, nuevas semillas y plantas vivas de especies del centro del país, priorizando las de valor etnobotánico tradicional o potencial. El material y la información servirán para investigación, propagación y educación. El material se evaluará y caracterizará por peso de 1000 semillas, poder germinativo y viabilidad de semillas almacenadas. Se estudiará la domesticación de especies ecológicamente vulnerables que presenten potencial de uso múltiple, y que además permitan promover sinergia con otros proyectos de investigación en la UCC. Se estudiarán características agronómicas y biológicas para el cultivo intensivo. Se formarán recursos humanos en investigación y técnica, a través de pasantías y talleres. Se desarrollará un programa educativo enfocado a conservación, interpretación ambiental y cambios actitudinales para el desarrollo sustentable. Se motivará y dará conocimiento a docentes y alumnos de instituciones educativas y público en general. Se realizarán visitas guiadas por senderos interpretativos de contenido ecológico, etnobotánico y evolutivo.

Investigación – acción en el Profesorado Universitario: implementación de experiencias en la docencia universitaria

Este relato de experiencia recoge las actividades planificadas en torno a dos cátedras universitarias que se comprometen en integrar contenidos específicos de Didáctica Especial y de Investigación Educativa bajo la episteme y metodología de la investigación-acción porque se integran ambas asignaturas, bajo la episteme de la inv-acción, esto es denominado en la enseñanza para la integración, la integración desde lo metodológico Ambas asignaturas desarrollan el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en instancias individuales y compartidas, particularmente estas últimas, se orientan a promover la sensibilización, diagnóstico y aplicación de la investigación en problemas didácticos de los alumnos, docentes universitarios y de nivel medio, ya que ambas desarrollan instancias específicas en cuanto al campo de conocimiento y para la comprensión del mismo se elabora el proyecto. Se identifican, durante el proceso, dificultades tales como la imposibilidad de tránsito desde el paradigma original positivista hacia el paradigma crítico, la construcción del objeto de conocimiento, la identificación de la didáctica como teoría y por ende la articulación de categorías del campo de la didáctica como analizadores de las prácticas docentes, la selección de técnicas para la triangulación y la tensión entre la aspiración a integrar espacios curriculares y las condiciones efectivas para concretarlo.El problema de generar conductas autorreflexivas orientadas al diagnóstico de sus propias cátedras opera como consecuencia de una concepción de docencia universitaria autorreferencial que sitúa los problemas de enseñanza y aprendizaje a un problema de técnicas, centrado en carencias de los alumnos o en el contexto ampliado, antes que en la propuesta de cátedra y en el reconocimiento del estatuto de la investigación-acción como ámbito de producción de conocimiento académico útil. Asimismo, transpuesto estos nudos críticos del reconocimiento y problematización, la inmersión en la labor colaborativa grupal posibilitó cuestionamientos y diseño de estrategias de transformación dialéctica. La calidad de la producción satisfizo y superó las expectativas docentes, generándose un espacio de revisión del cotidiano de las prácticas docentes.