How to assess, plan and teach word and sentence work : key stage two, primary 4-7 : word and sentence work 2.

Está dividido en cuatro secciones, a lo largo de las cuales se proporciona orientación para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de palabras y oraciones, se destaca la importancia de estos elementos para el aprendizaje por los niños de la lectura y la escritura, se hace un esbozo del proceso de alfabetización infantil desde el tercer hasta el sexto año de ingreso en la escuela, asimismo, se describe este proceso de desarrollo continuo de la alfabetización de los niños.

How to assess, plan and teach word and sentence work 1 : key stage one, primary 1-3 : word and sentence work 1.

Está dividido en cuatro secciones, a lo largo de las cuales se proporciona orientación para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de palabras y oraciones, se destaca la importancia de estos elementos para el aprendizaje por los niños de la lectura y la escritura, se hace un esbozo del proceso de alfabetización infantil desde los dos primeros cursos de ingreso en la escuela,y asimismo, se describe este proceso de desarrollo continuo de la alfabetización.

English in the digital age : Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the teaching of English.

Muestra cómo la aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) mejoran la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa, enriquecen las habilidades de los alumnos e, introducen nuevos métodos educativos. Los estudios de varios colaboradores de Europa, Australia y América del Norte, consideran que tanto la utilización del material audiovisual tradicional: videos, películas, cintas de audio, cómo la de recursos más recientes: juegos de ordenador, recursos en línea, son materiales valiosos para la práctica educativa.

ICT and literacy : information and communication technology, media, reading and writing.

Se examina la alfabetización en relación con una amplia variedad de nuevas tecnologías y medios de comunicación, especialmente, los llamados 'libros que hablan', el correo electrónico, la edición en video y los materiales multimedia y 'en línea'. En cada caso, los diferentes autores se basan en las investigaciones más recientes para explicar las implicaciones que suponen para la práctica educativa y la política. En este proceso, muestran la necesidad de reflexionar conjuntamente todos aquellos que proporcionan educación, orientación y recursos a los jóvenes.

ICT and language learning : integrating pedagogy and practice.

Proporciona a los profesores de lengua y formadores una guía para la integración de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en su enseñanza y aprendizaje. También, analiza el cambio experimentado en el contexto del aprendizaje del lenguaje como resultado de estudios teóricos, pedagógicos, y de la tecnología.

Primary ICT and the foundation subjects.

Aconseja la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para la enseñanza de materias básicas como: historia, geografía, diseño y tecnología, arte y diseño, música, lenguas extranjeras modernas y educación física, de tal manera que estas tecnologías se convierten en parte integral del currículo de primaria. También, ofrece consejos prácticos sobre software, Internet y otros recursos multimedia, así como sobre planificación, preparación e impartición de una clase.

Poverty, migration and sex work: youth transitions in Ethiopia

Despite an emerging body of work on youth transitions, research has yet to explore the often unconventional routes to adulthood for young people marginalised through poverty. By drawing on interviews with 60 young commercial sex workers in Ethiopia, this paper explores the connections between poverty, migration and sex work and demonstrates that sex work provides a risky alternative, but often successful, path to independence for some rural-urban migrants. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for policies that seek to support young sex workers by enabling them to maintain their independence while seeking different employment.

Poverty, migration and sex work: youth transitions in Ethiopia

Despite an emerging body of work on youth transitions, research has yet to explore the often unconventional routes to adulthood for young people marginalised through poverty. By drawing on interviews with 60 young commercial sex workers in Ethiopia, this paper explores the connections between poverty, migration and sex work and demonstrates that sex work provides a risky alternative, but often successful, path to independence for some rural-urban migrants. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for policies that seek to support young sex workers by enabling them to maintain their independence while seeking different employment.

Age and flexible thinking: an experimental demonstration of the beneficial effects of increased cognitively stimulating activity on fluid intelligence in healthy older adults

The disuse hypothesis of cognitive aging attributes decrements in fluid intelligence in older adults to reduced cognitively stimulating activity. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that a period of increased mentally stimulating activities thus would enhance older adults' fluid intelligence performance. Participants (N = 44, mean age 67.82) were administered pre- and post-test measures, including the fluid intelligence measure, Cattell's Culture Fair (CCF) test. Experimental participants engaged in diverse, novel, mentally stimulating activities for 10-12 weeks and were compared to a control condition. Results supported the hypothesis; the experimental group showed greater pre- to post-CCF gain than did controls (effect size d = 0.56), with a similar gain on a spatial-perceptual task (WAIS-R Blocks). Even brief periods of increased cognitive stimulation can improve older adults' problem solving and flexible thinking.

Eye gaze in virtual environments: evaluating the need and initial work on implementation

For efficient collaboration between participants, eye gaze is seen as being critical for interaction. Video conferencing either does not attempt to support eye gaze (e.g. AcessGrid) or only approximates it in round table conditions (e.g. life size telepresence). Immersive collaborative virtual environments represent remote participants through avatars that follow their tracked movements. By additionally tracking people's eyes and representing their movement on their avatars, the line of gaze can be faithfully reproduced, as opposed to approximated. This paper presents the results of initial work that tested if the focus of gaze could be more accurately gauged if tracked eye movement was added to that of the head of an avatar observed in an immersive VE. An experiment was conducted to assess the difference between user's abilities to judge what objects an avatar is looking at with only head movements being displayed, while the eyes remained static, and with eye gaze and head movement information being displayed. The results from the experiment show that eye gaze is of vital importance to the subjects correctly identifying what a person is looking at in an immersive virtual environment. This is followed by a description of the work that is now being undertaken following the positive results from the experiment. We discuss the integration of an eye tracker more suitable for immersive mobile use and the software and techniques that were developed to integrate the user's real-world eye movements into calibrated eye gaze in an immersive virtual world. This is to be used in the creation of an immersive collaborative virtual environment supporting eye gaze and its ongoing experiments. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.