基于GIS和CSLE的陕西省土壤侵蚀定量评价方法研究

通过对陕西省土壤侵蚀的定量评估,探索省域尺度上土壤侵蚀定量评价制图方法,以期为第四次全国土壤侵蚀普查提供技术支撑。利用陕西省日降雨数据、土壤类型图、土地利用图、DEM、植被覆盖图,选择CSLE模型,在ArcGIS平台上计算研究区2006年土壤侵蚀量,并与水利部标准评价结果进行对比分析。探索了坡度坡长变换对土壤侵蚀的影响。定量化的评价结果能较好的反映气候、土壤及水保措施对土壤侵蚀的影响,比水利部标准评价结果更能反映实际侵蚀。坡度坡长变换后对土壤侵蚀有明显影响。在GIS支持下,通过土壤侵蚀模型进行定量评价,可高效、客观反映土壤侵蚀情况及其主要影响因子,对区域治理和有关决策有极其重要参考价值。为了准确真实的反映土壤侵蚀程度,必须进行坡度坡长变换。

Microphotoluminescence investigation of InAs quantum dot active region in 1.3 mu m vertical cavity surface emitting laser structure

Microphotoluminescence (mu-PL) investigation has been performed at room temperature on InAs quantum dot (QD) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure in order to characterize the QD epitaxial structure which was designed for 1.3 mu m wave band emission. Actual and precise QD emission spectra including distinct ground state (GS) and excited state (ES) transition peaks are obtained by an edge-excitation and edge-emission (EEEE) mu-PL configuration. Conventional photoluminescence methods for QD-VCSELs structure analysis are compared and discussed, which indicate the EEEE mu-PL is a useful tool to determine the optical features of the QD active region in an as-grown VCSEL structure. Some experimental results have been compared with simulation results obtained with the aid of the plane-wave admittance method. After adjustment of epitaxial growth according to EEEE mu-PL measurement results, QD-VCSEL structure wafer with QD GS transition wavelength of 1300 nm and lasing wavelength of 1301 nm was obtained.

森林流域单元水文模型的构建与应用

目前全球缺水、水污染、洪涝灾害以及水土流失仍然非常严重，尤其在我国北方地区。流域水文模型可用来进行不同需水管理的情景分析，为解决我国水问题提供科学依据。分布式水文模型是流域水文模型的发展方向，具有显著特点：1）应用前景广泛，不仅可以模拟流域水文过程，还可以协助模拟泥沙或污染物的运移过程，为水利工程设计、水土保持、环境保护等领域提供技术支持；2）能够预测流域土地利用或气候变化下的流域水文响应过程变化，为管理部门提供决策支持；3）模型所需要的参数全部具有物理意义，可通过实际测量确定，适合模拟实测系列较短或是无观测流域的水文过程；4）对于目前国际水文界的前沿问题—水文尺度转换提供了一种有效的解决途径。 然而分布式水文模型还不完善，如1)真实性问题。对一些水文过程和边界条件还不确定。2)尺度转换问题。目前很少考虑尺度对参数有效性的影响。3)检验问题。还无法判断对有些难以测量的水文状态变量的模拟正确与否。4)计算时间和数据存储的问题。有些分布式水文模型虽然具有很强的水文物理基础和完善的模型结构，但是计算时间过长和(或)数据存储过大，难以应用。上述问题的核心就是对分布式水文模型的核心—单元水文模型的研究不够，需要为进一步完善单元水文模型进行研究。 本文采用饱和入渗理论、Saint-Venant方程、Richards方程、Penman-Monteith方程等等构建了以有限差分法求解的适用于森林流域的单元水文模型，并通过实验室模拟试验和坡地径流场资料进行了验证，主要结论为： 通过不同坡度和不同雨强下的室内坡面产汇流实验模拟，表明：该模型模拟的坡面流和壤中流过程与实测过程基本一致，峰现时间、径流历时、峰值流量、出流总量模拟值与实测值的相对误差均较小，基本小于10%。模型的模拟精度较高，实用性较强，为深入研究壤中流机制和改进流域降雨-径流模型提供了理论依据。 通过坡地径流观测场实测资料的验证，表明：该模型模拟的坡面流过程精度较高，累计流量的精度更高于小时过程的精度，离差系数、效率系数、确定系数均较理想，具有应用价值，有助于改善分布式水文模型在森林流域的模拟效果。

植被恢复过程中土壤养分的变化

在纸坊沟流域不同退耕年限的区域采集表层0~20 cm土样274个,分析了不同植被及其退耕年限下的土壤养分变化规律。结果表明,退耕后林草覆盖下的土壤有机质和全氮含量有所增加,特别是刺槐林地增加幅度较大,全磷含量变化不显著,草地覆盖下土壤的速效氮含量低于农田速效氮含量;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮和铵态氮随退耕年限增加呈现出先减少后增加的趋势;退耕年限与土壤有机质和全氮存在显著的正相关性。

Formation and modeling of disinfection by-products in drinking water of six cities in China

Funding and support for this project was provided by NSFC (Grant No. 40771015), and Key International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (Grant No. 22007DFC20180). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2006BAD01B06-02). The authors thank the CDCs of Daqing, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Changsha and Shenzhen cities for field and laboratory technical support.

积分偏移的计算几何与并行实现

The Second Round of Oil & Gas Exploration needs more precision imaging method, velocity vs. depth model and geometry description on Complicated Geological Mass. Prestack time migration on inhomogeneous media was the technical basic of velocity analysis, prestack time migration on Rugged surface, angle gather and multi-domain noise suppression. In order to realize this technique, several critical technical problems need to be solved, such as parallel computation, velocity algorithm on ununiform grid and visualization. The key problem is organic combination theories of migration and computational geometry. Based on technical problems of 3-D prestack time migration existing in inhomogeneous media and requirements from nonuniform grid, parallel process and visualization, the thesis was studied systematically on three aspects: Infrastructure of velocity varies laterally Green function traveltime computation on ununiform grid, parallel computational of kirchhoff integral migration and 3D visualization, by combining integral migration theory and Computational Geometry. The results will provide powerful technical support to the implement of prestack time migration and convenient compute infrastructure of wave number domain simulation in inhomogeneous media. The main results were obtained as follows: 1. Symbol of one way wave Lie algebra integral, phase and green function traveltime expressions were analyzed, and simple 2-D expression of Lie algebra integral symbol phase and green function traveltime in time domain were given in inhomogeneous media by using pseudo-differential operators’ exponential map and Lie group algorithm preserving geometry structure. Infrastructure calculation of five parts, including derivative, commutating operator, Lie algebra root tree, exponential map root tree and traveltime coefficients , was brought forward when calculating asymmetry traveltime equation containing lateral differential in 3-D by this method. 2. By studying the infrastructure calculation of asymmetry traveltime in 3-D based on lateral velocity differential and combining computational geometry, a method to build velocity library and interpolate on velocity library using triangulate was obtained, which fit traveltime calculate requirements of parallel time migration and velocity estimate. 3. Combining velocity library triangulate and computational geometry, a structure which was convenient to calculate differential in horizontal, commutating operator and integral in vertical was built. Furthermore, recursive algorithm, for calculating architecture on lie algebra integral and exponential map root tree (Magnus in Math), was build and asymmetry traveltime based on lateral differential algorithm was also realized. 4. Based on graph theory and computational geometry, a minimum cycle method to decompose area into polygon blocks, which can be used as topological representation of migration result was proposed, which provided a practical method to block representation and research to migration interpretation results. 5. Based on MPI library, a process of bringing parallel migration algorithm at arbitrary sequence traces into practical was realized by using asymmetry traveltime based on lateral differential calculation and Kirchhoff integral method. 6. Visualization of geological data and seismic data were studied by the tools of OpenGL and Open Inventor, based on computational geometry theory, and a 3D visualize system on seismic imaging data was designed.

油气勘探风险评价与决策技术研究

PetroChina and other national petroleum incorporations need rigorous procedures and practical methods in risk evaluation and exploration decision at home and abroad to safeguard their international exploration practice in exploration licence bidding, finding appropriate ratio of risk sharing with partners, as well as avoiding high risk projects and other key exploration activities. However, due to historical reasons, we are only at the beginning of a full study and methodology development in exploration risk evaluation and decision. No rigorous procedure and practical methods are available in our exercises of international exploration. Completely adopting foreign procedure, methods and tools by our national incorporations are not practical because of the differences of the current economic and management systems in China. The objective of this study is to establish a risk evaluation and decision system with independent intellectual property right in oil and gas exploration so that a smooth transition from our current practice into international norm can take place. The system developed in this dissertation includes the following four components: 1. A set of quantitative criteria for risk evaluation is derived on the basis of an anatomy of the parameters from thirty calibration regions national wide as well as the characteristics and the geological factors controlling oil and gas occurrence in the major petroleum-bearing basins in China, which provides the technical support for the risk quantification in oil and gas exploration. 2. Through analysis of existing methodology, procedure and methods of exploration risk evaluation considering spatial information are proposed. The method, utilizing Mahalanobis Distance (MD) and fuzzy logic for data and information integration, provides probabilistic models on the basis of MD and fuzzy logic classification criteria, thus quantifying the exploration risk using Bayesian theory. A projection of the geological risk into spatial domain provides a probability map of oil and gas occurrence in the area under study. The application of this method to the Nanpu Sag shows that this method not only correctly predicted the oil and gas occurrence in the areas where Beibu and Laoyemiao oil fields are found in the northwest of the onshore area, but also predicted Laopu south, Nanpu south and Hatuo potential areas in the offshore part where exploration maturity was very low. The prediction of the potential areas are subsequently confirmed by 17 exploration wells in the offshore area with 81% success, indicating this method is very effective for exploration risk visualization and reduction. 3. On the basis of “Methods and parameters of economic evaluation for petroleum exploration and development projects in China”, a ”pyramid” method for sensitivity analysis was developed, which meets not only the need for exploration target evaluation and exploration decision at home, but also allows a transition from our current practice to international norm in exploration decision. This provides the foundation for the development of a software product “Exploration economic evaluation and decision system of PetroChina” (EDSys). 4. To solve problem in methodology of exploration decision, effort was made on the method of project portfolio management. A drilling decision method was developed employing the concept of geologically risked net present value. This method overcame the dilemma of handling simultaneously both geological risk and portfolio uncertainty, thus casting light into the application of modern portfolio theory to the evaluation of high risk petroleum exploration projects.

胜利油田低渗透砂岩油藏非均质地质建模

Guided by geological theories, the author analyzed factual informations and applied advanced technologies including logging reinterpretation, predicting of fractal-based fracture network system and stochastic modeling to the low permeable sandstone reservoirs in Shengli oilfield. A new technology suitable for precious geological research and 3D heterogeneity modeling was formed through studies of strata precious correlation, relation between tectonic evolution and fractural distribution, the control and modification of reservoirs diagenesis, logging interpretation mathematical model, reservoir heterogeneity, and so on. The main research achievements are as follows: (1) Proposed four categories of low permeable reservoirs, which were preferable, general, unusual and super low permeable reservoir, respectively; (2) Discussed ten geological features of the low permeable reservoirs in Shengli area; (3) Classified turbidite fan of Es_3 member of the Area 3 in Bonan oilfield into nine types of lithological facies, and established the facies sequences and patterns; (4) Recognized that the main diagenesis were compaction, cementation and dissolution, among which the percent compaction was up to 50%~90%; (5) Divided the pore space in ES_3 member reservoir into secondary pores with dissolved carbonate cement and residual intergranular pores strongly compacted and cemented; (6) Established logging interpretation mathematical model guided by facies- control modeling theory; (7) Predicted the fracture distribution in barriers using fractal method; (8) Constructed reservoir structural model by deterministic method and the 3D model of reservoir parameters by stochastic method; (9) Applied permeability magnitudes and directions to describe the fractures' effect on fluid flow, and presented four different fractural configurations and their influence on permeability; (10) Developed 3D modeling technology for the low permeable sandstone reservoirs. The research provided reliable geological foundation for the establishment and modification of development plans in low permeable sandstone reservoirs, improved the development effect and produced more reserves, which provided technical support for the stable and sustained development of Shengli Oilfield.

Evaluation of the Specialist Libraries/Communities of Practice. Report for National Library for Health

Cooper, J., Spink, S., Thomas, R. & Urquhart, C. (2005). Evaluation of the Specialist Libraries/Communities of Practice. Report for National Library for Health. Aberystwyth: Department of Information Studies, University of Wales Aberystwyth. Sponsorship: National Library for Health (NLH)

Pharmacotherapy optimization in older patients by a structured clinical pharmacist assessment and intervention

Introduction: Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), drug related problems (DRPs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A number of different interventions have been proposed to address these issues. However to-date there is a paucity of well-designed trials examining the impact of such interventions. Therefore the aims of this work were to: (i) establish a baseline PIP prevalence both nationally and internationally using the STOPP, Beers and PRISCUS criteria, (ii) identify the most comprehensive method of assessing PIP in older individuals, (iii) develop a structured pharmacist intervention supported by a computer decisions support system (CDSS) and (iv) examine the impact of this intervention on prescribing and incidence of ADRs. Results: This work identified high rates of PIP across all three healthcare settings in Ireland, 84.7% in the long term care, 70.7% in secondary care and 43.3% in primary care being reported. This work identified that for a comprehensive assessment of prescribing to be undertaken, an amalgamation of all three criteria should be deployed simultaneously. High prevalences of DRPs and PIP in older hospitalised individuals were identified. With 82.0% and 76.3% of patients reported to have at least one DRP or PIP instance respectively. The structured pharmacist intervention demonstrated a positive impact on prescribing, with a significant reduction MAI scores being reported. It also resulted in the intervention patients’ having a reduced risk of experiencing an ADR when compared to the control patients (absolute risk reduction of 6.8 (95% CI 1.5% - 12.3%)) and the number needed to treat = 15 (95% CI 8 - 68). However the intervention was found to have no significant effect on length of stay or mortality rate. Conclusion: This work shows that PIP is highly prevalent in older individuals across three healthcare settings in Ireland. This work also demonstrates that a structured pharmacist intervention support by a dedicated CDSS can significantly improve the appropriateness of prescribing and reduce the incidence of ADRs in older acutely ill hospitalised individuals.

D9.2 - RAGE website

This deliverable comprises the general description of the RAGE project public website – referred also as the RAGE website, accessible at http://www.rageproject.eu. The RAGE website main objectives are to raise awareness about the project activities as well as to incentivise engagement from targeted stakeholder communities. It integrates social media networks such as Twitter, Google+ and LinkedIn and has been developed using Wordpress as Content Management System (CMS). The RAGE website is constantly monitored for content management and technical support purposes.

Aplicações em ressonância magnética na área da neurorradiologia: estudos gerais, estudos vasculares, de suscetibilidade e da dinâmica de fluxo do LCR

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica , apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Avaliação de websites segundo as heurísticas de Nielsen : uma prática de ensino com alunos do ensino profissional

Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014

Estágio na empresa SPECMAN para a prática de técnicas de controlo da condição

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Avaliação do estado de conservação de fachadas e ensaios de arrancamento de elementos em aço de pré-esforço colados com resina Epoxy a provetes de pedra natural

O ingresso no mercado de trabalho e primeiro contacto com a realidade na construção em Portugal motivaram a realização deste relatório. O qual tem como base o estágio realizado na Sika® Portugal Produtos da Construção e Indústria, S.A. como elemento do Departamento Técnico. O trabalho desenvolvido incide sobre a escolha de soluções de reabilitação e na avaliação preliminar do estado de conservação dos edifícios outrora reabilitados com soluções Sika®. A primeira parte deste relatório descreve a adaptação do método de avaliação do estado de conservação de edifícios (MAEC) de forma a realizar esta avaliação apenas no sistema construtivo que compõe a fachada, aplicado num estudo desenvolvido para 100 obras de reabilitação em edifícios distribuídos no território nacional. Numa segunda parte do relatório são apresentados documentos desenvolvidos durante a actividade profissional aquando de visitas às obras e respectivas análises preliminares e especificações técnicas. Nesta segunda parte do relatório mais relacionada com as actividades diárias são ainda apresentados documentos técnicos de apoio a tecnologias e ou selecção de soluções mais adequadas às exigências e necessidades de comportamento dos materiais. É ainda abordado o tema sustentabilidade que actualmente é uma das preocupações nas escolhas e tomadas de decisão de soluções para a reabilitação e construção nova. Apresenta-se ainda um estudo realizado em laboratório que visa determinar o comprimento de amarração de fios ou cordões de pré-esforço colados com resina epoxy a provetes de diferentes tipos de pedra natural.